Bücher von Amjed Ali

Rak to grupa chorób, w których komórki rosn¿ i dziel¿ si¿ agresywnie, bez przekraczania normalnych granic, atakuj¿ i niszcz¿ s¿siednie tkanki oraz rozprzestrzeniaj¿ si¿ do innych miejsc w organizmie. Rak jest zwykle klasyfikowany wed¿ug tkanki, z której pochodz¿ komórki rakowe. Komórki rakowe nadal rosn¿ i dziel¿ si¿, wi¿c ró¿ni¿ si¿ od normalnych komórek. Rak mo¿e mie¿ wp¿yw na ludzi w kädym wieku, nawet na p¿ody, ale ryzyko dla bardziej powszechnych odmian zwykle ro¿nie wraz z wiekiem. Rak jest przyczyn¿ oko¿o 13% wszystkich zgonów. Ostateczna diagnoza wymaga zwykle badania histologicznego wycinka tkanki przez patologa. Marker nowotworowy to substancja znajduj¿ca si¿ we krwi, moczu lub tkankach ciäa, której poziom mo¿e by¿ podwy¿szony mi¿dzy innymi w przypadku raka. Celem tego projektu badawczego jest wst¿pne badanie przesiewowe populacji w celu okre¿lenia cz¿sto¿ci wyst¿powania raka za pomoc¿ markerów nowotworowych oraz zdiagnozowania raka na wczesnym etapie, kiedy jest najbardziej uleczalny.

Le cancer est un groupe de maladies dans lesquelles les cellules se développent et se divisent de manière agressive sans dépasser les limites normales, envahissent et détruisent les tissus adjacents et se propagent à d'autres endroits du corps. Le cancer est généralement classé en fonction du tissu dont proviennent les cellules cancéreuses. Les cellules cancéreuses continuent de croître et de se diviser, elles sont donc différentes des cellules normales. Le cancer peut toucher des personnes de tout âge, même des f¿tus, mais le risque pour les variétés les plus courantes a tendance à augmenter avec l'âge. Le cancer est à l'origine d'environ 13% de tous les décès. Un diagnostic définitif nécessite généralement l'examen histologique d'un échantillon de biopsie tissulaire par un pathologiste. Un marqueur tumoral est une substance présente dans le sang, l'urine ou les tissus corporels qui peut être élevée dans le cancer, entre autres types de tissus. Les objectifs de ce projet de recherche sont le dépistage préliminaire de la population afin de déterminer la prévalence du cancer en utilisant des marqueurs tumoraux et de diagnostiquer le cancer à un stade précoce, quand il est le plus guérissable.

A field experiment was conducted at the agronomic research area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, in order to study the effect of different levels of nitrogen and magnesium on growth, yield and quality of hybrid maize (Cargil 707). The crop was sown in 70 cm spaced rows, while plant to plant distance was maintained at 15 cm with the help of the Dibbler. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication using a net plot size of 3.5 x 7.5 m. Experimental treatments comprised of (T0); 0-0, (T1); 100 kg N + 10 kg Mg, (T2); 100 kg N + 15 kg Mg, (T3); 150 kg N + 10 kg Mg, (T4); 150 kg N + 15 kg Mg, (T5); 200 kg N + 10 kg Mg, (T6); 200 kg N + 15 kg Mg per hectare. The source of N and Mg was urea and MgCl2 , respectively. Recommended doses of P2O5 and K2 O at the rate of 100 kg per hector of each in the form DAP and KCl, respectively were used as a basal dose. The crop was planted on autumn & harvested in the month of December and the data was recorded by using the standard procedures.

The present investigations were made effect the effect of NPK application in different proportions on the growth and yield of two maize varieties (Zea Mays L.). The research was conducted on a sandy loam soil at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (factorial) with a net plot size of 3X5m. Different levels of NPK were 0-0-0 (F0), 100-50-35 (F1), 175-80-60 (F2), and 250- 110-85 (F3) kg per ha. Two maize varieties, Golden (V1) and Sultan (V2) were used as source of trial. The crop was sown on well prepared seed bed keeping R X R distance 60 cm and P X P distance at 23 cm. The whole of the phosphorus and potash along with half of nitrogen fertilizers in form of DAP, Sulphate of potash and Urea respectively, were applied at sowing and the remaining amount of nitrogen fertilizer was applied at tasseling stage of the plant. All other cultural practices were kept normal and uniform in all the treatments. The data on desired parameters were collected by using standard procedures.

Cancer is a group of diseases in which cells grow and divide aggressively without beyond to normal limits, invade and destroy adjacent tissues and spread to other locations in the body. Cancer is usually classified according to the tissue from which the cancerous cells originate. Cancer cells continue to grow and divide so they are different from normal cells. Cancer may affect people at all ages, even fetuses, but risk for the more common varieties tends to increase with age. Cancer causes about 13% of all deaths. A definitive diagnosis usually requires the histological examination of a tissue biopsy specimen by a pathologist. A tumor marker is a substance found in the blood, urine, or body tissues that can be elevated in cancer, among other tissue types. The objectives of this research project are to preliminary screening of population in order to determine prevalence of cancer by using tumor markers and to diagnose cancer at early stage, when it is most curable.