Bücher von Arthur Schopenhauer

One of the greatest philosophers of the nineteenth century, Schopenhauer (1788-1860) believed that human action is determined not by reason but by 'will' - the blind and irrational desire for physical existence. This selection of his writings on religion, ethics, politics, women, suicide, books and many other themes is taken from Schopenhauer's last work, Parerga and Paralipomena, which he published in 1851. These pieces depict humanity as locked in a struggle beyond good and evil, and each individual absolutely free within a Godless world, in which art, morality and self-awareness are our only salvation. This innovative - and pessimistic - view has proved powerfully influential upon philosophy and art, directly affecting the work of Nietzsche, Wittgenstein and Wagner among others.

Controversial Dialectic is the art of disputing, and of disputing in such a way as to hold one's own, whether one is in the right or the wrong - per fas et nefas. A man may be objectively in the right, and nevertheless in the eyes of bystanders, and sometimes in his own, he may come off worst. For example, I may advance a proof of some assertion, and my adversary may refute the proof, and thus appear to have refuted the assertion, for which there may, nevertheless, be other proofs. In this case, of course, my adversary and I change places: he comes off best, although, as a matter of fact, he is in the wrong.

The World As Will And Idea (Complete): Translated From The German By R. B. Haldane, M.A. And J. Kemp, M.A.; Complete Edition Of Three Volumes, Vol. I. - III.This book is a result of an effort made by us towards making a contribution to the preservation and repair of original classic literature.In an attempt to preserve, improve and recreate the original content, we have worked towards:1. Type-setting & Reformatting: The complete work has been re-designed via professional layout, formatting and type-setting tools to re-create the same edition with rich typography, graphics, high quality images, and table elements, giving our readers the feel of holding a 'fresh and newly' reprinted and/or revised edition, as opposed to other scanned & printed (Optical Character Recognition - OCR) reproductions.2. Correction of imperfections: As the work was re-created from the scratch, therefore, it was vetted to rectify certain conventional norms with regard to typographical mistakes, hyphenations, punctuations, blurred images, missing content/pages, and/or other related subject matters, upon our consideration. Every attempt was made to rectify the imperfections related to omitted constructs in the original edition via other references. However, a few of such imperfections which could not be rectified due to intentional\unintentional omission of content in the original edition, were inherited and preserved from the original work to maintain the authenticity and construct, relevant to the work.We believe that this work holds historical, cultural and/or intellectual importance in the literary works community, therefore despite the oddities, we accounted the work for print as a part of our continuing effort towards preservation of literary work and our contribution towards the development of the society as a whole, driven by our beliefs. We are grateful to our readers for putting their faith in us and accepting our imperfections with regard to preservation of the historical content. HAPPY READING!

""The World as Will and Idea"" Volume 3 is the third installment of Arthur Schopenhauer's magnum opus, originally published in 1819. In this volume, Schopenhauer further develops his philosophical system, expounding upon the nature of human consciousness, perception, and the will. Building upon the foundation laid in the previous volumes, Schopenhauer delves deeper into his metaphysical theories, examining the relationship between the individual will, the phenomenal world, and the concept of the ""thing-in-itself."" He explores the role of art, aesthetics, and morality as manifestations of the will, offering profound insights into the human condition and the nature of existence. Through rigorous analysis and philosophical inquiry, Schopenhauer challenges conventional notions of reality and consciousness, presenting a comprehensive worldview that continues to influence philosophy, psychology, and literature to this day. ""The World as Will and Idea"" Volume 3 stands as a testament to Schopenhauer's intellectual prowess and enduring legacy in Western thought.

""The World as Will and Idea"" Volume 2, authored by the influential German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, continues his groundbreaking exploration of metaphysics and philosophy. Building upon the foundation laid in Volume 1, Schopenhauer delves deeper into his theory that the essence of reality is governed by an underlying force he terms ""will."" In this volume, he further examines the nature of human consciousness, the dynamics of desire and suffering, and the interconnectedness of all existence. Schopenhauer's penetrating analysis challenges conventional understandings of reality, offering profound insights into the human condition and the mysteries of the universe. With eloquent prose and rigorous philosophical inquiry, Volume 2 expands upon Schopenhauer's comprehensive worldview, inviting readers to contemplate the complexities of existence and the perennial quest for meaning. This volume stands as a testament to Schopenhauer's intellectual prowess and enduring influence in the realms of philosophy and metaphysics.

""The World as Will and Idea"" Volume 1, written by the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, is a seminal work in the field of philosophy. In this profound treatise, Schopenhauer presents his metaphysical theory that the fundamental nature of reality is driven by an inherent force he labels ""will."" He explores how this will manifests itself in various forms of existence, including human desires, actions, and the natural world. Through meticulous analysis and rich philosophical inquiry, Schopenhauer delves into the depths of human consciousness, elucidating the nature of suffering, the pursuit of happiness, and the underlying principles that govern existence. His insights into the interconnectedness of all things and the transient nature of human experience continue to resonate with scholars and thinkers across disciplines. Volume 1 lays the groundwork for Schopenhauer's comprehensive worldview, offering readers a profound exploration of existence, consciousness, and the mysteries of the universe.

"The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer" is a set of the deep highbrow thoughts of Arthur Schopenhauer, a German who have become searching out the reality. This collection of essays on a massive kind of subjects gives a complete image of Schopenhauer's particular philosophical view of the world. Schopenhauer's essays, which got here out in the middle of the 1800s, are about the character of human life, the complexity of unfastened will, and the search for a profitable life. Friedrich Schopenhauer's perception is a combination of pessimism and thoughts from the East. He appears at how options affect people and how human beings are constantly looking to get what they want, announcing that ache is actually associated with having dreams which you cannot satisfy. The quantities smash down the complicated additives of artwork, splendor, and a contemplative manner of lifestyles as possible strategies to get past the problems of regular life. In addition to thinking about the that means of life, Schopenhauer also thinks approximately ethics, thinking social norms and pushing for kindness and sensitivity. His essays question commonplace ideals and present a completely new manner of looking at humans's lives. Even though Schopenhauer's paintings may be sad at times, it's far marked through highbrow rigor and a deep know-how of the human thoughts. The collection is still an important a part of existential belief and has an impact on the manner human beings expect these days and inside the destiny.

This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

Le présent volume des Parerga et Paralipomena ne se prête pas par sa nature, comme les trois précédents, à une étude préliminaire biographique ou historique ; nous en avons d'ailleurs déjà dit assez à ce double point de vue, pour mettre en une lumière suffisante la figure originale et complexe de Schopenhauer, et pour situer dans son milieu exact l'¿uvre dont nous avons entrepris la traduction. Les matières renfermées dans le volume actuel : éthique, droit, politique, éducation, le tout couronné par des observations psychologiques, parlent d'elles-mêmes, et il y aurait quelque puérilité à dévider de trop longs commentaires à leur sujet. Ce qu'on peut toutefois faire ici, c'est mettre en relief certaines vues fondamentales, signaler spécialement certaines idées d'un intérêt spéculatif ou pratique.Un soir, Schopenhauer se promenait sur la route avec son ami le Dr Wilhelm Gwinner, son futur biographe. Les étoiles brillaient au ciel, et Vénus resplendissait d'un éclat tout particulier. Gwinner, contemplant la planète, devint tout à coup ly- rique, et se mit à évoquer le souvenir des âmes que Dante y a placées comme dans un port de salut béni ; puis, son imagination travaillant, il demanda au vieux philo- sophe s'il n'était pas d'avis qu'il y avait là aussi des êtres vivants, mais doués dune existence plus parfaite que la nôtre. Schopenhauer répondit qu'il ne le croyait pas ; une organisation supérieure à celle des humains ne pouvait, selon lui, avoir la « volonté de vivre ». Il pensait que la série ascendante vers la vie se terminait à l'homme, dernier terme de ce progrès qui lui apparaissait comme un fait si ef- froyable ; puis, s'exaltant insensiblement : « Croyez-vous, dit-il, qu'un être supé- rieur à nous voulût continuer un seul jour cette triste comédie de la vie ? Cela est bon pour des hommes ; des génies ou des dieux s'y refuseraient ».

A devout believer in the supremacy of will over intellect, Arthur Schopenhauer developed a metaphysical theory that influenced such thinkers as Nietzsche, Wagner, Wittgenstein, and Freud. These six essays are drawn from the chapters entitled Zur Ethik and Zur Rechtslehre und Politik, which originated in the philosopher's Parerga, as well as from his posthumously published writings. More than any other work, On Human Nature offers an expression of Schopenhauer's views, including the depth of his interests, his biases, and his philosophy. Students of history and philosophy along with other readers will appreciate these lucid, accessible observations on government, free will and fatalism, character, moral instinct, and ethics.German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) reacted with pessimism to his idealistic predecessors, contending that human motivations derive from basic desires that can never be satisfied. His writings on psychology, ethics, and politics influenced such latter-day thinkers as Nietzsche, Wittgenstein, and Freud.

"The Basis of Morality" is a philosophical work written by the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. It was first published in 1840 as an appendix to his main work, "The World as Will and Representation" ("Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung"). In this work, Schopenhauer delves into the nature of ethics, morality, and the fundamental principles that govern human conduct. Key themes in "The Basis of Morality" include: Metaphysical Exploration: Schopenhauer begins by exploring the metaphysical basis of morality, arguing that the foundation of ethics lies in a metaphysical understanding of the human will. He proposes that the ultimate reality is an indomitable, blind, and irrational "will to live" that underlies all phenomena. Ethical Theory: Schopenhauer develops his ethical theory based on the idea that compassion, or what he calls "universal altruism," is the cornerstone of morality. He argues that individuals should recognize the suffering inherent in all living beings and act with compassion and benevolence toward others. The Role of Pity: Central to Schopenhauer's moral philosophy is the concept of pity (Mitleid). He sees pity as the direct awareness of the suffering of others and believes that it is the primary motive for ethical behavior. Pity, according to Schopenhauer, transcends individual egoism and forms the basis for moral actions. Asceticism and the Denial of the Will: Schopenhauer explores the idea of asceticism as a means of transcending the individual will. He suggests that the denial of personal desires and the renunciation of worldly attachments lead to a higher moral state and a reduction of suffering. Critique of Kantian Ethics: While Schopenhauer acknowledges the influence of Immanuel Kant, he also criticizes certain aspects of Kantian ethics. He proposes his own ethical framework that is more focused on the emotional and intuitive aspects of moral experience. Schopenhauer's writing is characterized by its depth, clarity, and a certain pessimistic outlook on human existence. "The Basis of Morality" remains an important work in the history of ethics and is considered a significant contribution to the broader philosophical discourse on morality and human nature.

This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUERSTUDIES IN PESSIMISM: ESSAYS A collection of essays from one of the great philosophers of the modern era, Arthur Schopenhauer. The German thinker contemplates subjects such as psychology, immortality, vanity, suffering, education, women, and suicide.Arthur Schopenhauer is an entertaining author to read, easy to understand, with a sly, dry wit. No need for footnotes or explanations of tricky terms, Schopenhauer's prose style is refreshingly clear. Arthur Schopenhauer was born in 1788 (on February 22nd) in Gdansk and died in 1860 in Frankfurt (on September 20th). Schopenhauer is known for his major work The World As Will and Idea, his philosophy of transcendental idealism, his studies of pessimism, his collections of essays and aphorisms, his incorporation of Eastern religion and metaphysics in his philosophy, and his impressive posthumous in¿uence on philosophers such as Friedrich Nietzsche, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Henri Bergson and Oswald Spengler, psychologists such as Otto Rank, Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud, and a host of writers and artists such as Samuel Beckett, Marcel Proust, Rainer Rilke, André Gide, Hugo von Hoffmansthal, Stéphane Mallarmé, W.B. Yeats, Italo Svevo, Ivan Turgenev, Robert Musil, Jorge Borges, George B. Shaw, Karl Kraus, J.-K. Huysmans, Edgar Allan Poe, August Strindberg, Guy de Maupassant, Frank Wedekind, Antonin Dvorak, Arnold Schönberg, Gustav Mahler, Charles Baudelaire, Jacob Burckhardt, George Gissing, Emile Zola, Richard Wagner, Sergei Prokoviev, Leo Tolstoy, Hermans Melville and Hesse, and Thomases Mann and Hardy. European Writers Series. Illustrated. Includes a 16-page biographical sketch of Schopenhauer, and an additional introduction to his work. 140pp. www.crmoon.com

"The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer - Religion: A Dialogue, etc." is a collection of essays written by Arthur Schopenhauer, a prominent German philosopher of the 19th century. The book's primary focus is on religion and philosophy, with Schopenhauer sharing his thoughts on a wide range of topics, including ethics, free will, and human nature. The central essay in the collection is "Religion: A Dialogue," in which Schopenhauer presents a critique of organized religion and argues for a more individualized approach to spirituality. He also explores the concept of the divine and the nature of God, challenging traditional religious beliefs. Other essays in the collection include "The Christian System," in which Schopenhauer critiques the teachings of Christianity, and "On Books and Reading," which offers insights into Schopenhauer's views on literature and the value of reading. Overall, "The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer - Religion: A Dialogue, etc." offers a thought-provoking exploration of philosophy and religion, and Schopenhauer's ideas continue to be influential in modern philosophy.

Aphorismes sur la sagesse dans la vie by Arthur Schopenhauer a été considéré comme un travail important tout au long de l'histoire humaine, et afin de garantir que ce travail ne soit jamais perdu, nous avons pris des mesures pour assurer sa préservation en republiant ce livre dans un format contemporain pour les générations actuelles et futures. Ce livre entier a été retapé, remanié et reformaté. Étant donné que ces livres ne sont pas fabriqués à partir de copies numérisées, le texte est lisible et clair.

1El mundo no es algo creado, pues ha existido ¿dice Ocellos Lucanö desde siempre, ya que el tiempo se halla condicionado por el ser cognoscente y, por lo tanto, por el mundo; así como el mundo lo está por el tiempo. El mundo no es posible sin el tiempo, pero el tiempo tampoco lo es sin el mundo; de ahí que ambos sean inseparables y resultaría imposible imaginar siquiera que existiese un tiempo en el cual no hubiese mundo, como que existiese un mundo sin absolutamente nada de tiempo.2En tanto que pongáis como conditio sine qua non a toda filosofía que haya sido cortada según el patrón del teísmo judío no será posible pensar en comprender la naturaleza, incluso en ninguna investigación seria de la verdad.3¿Alguna vez ha bizqueado algún ser humano de gran inteligencia? No lo creo, aunque me son conocidas las dos causas físicas del estrabismo, las debilidades del ojo o la corta extensión fuera de lo normal del músculo ocular. ¿Tienen estrabismo los animales?4En los animales se aprecia perfectamente que su intelecto se activa meramente en función de su voluntad; en los seres humanos pasa, por lo general, casi lo mismo. También en estos se aprecia de forma general, en algunos incluso todavía, que el intelecto nunca ha estado activo de forma diferente, sino que ha sido dirigido de manera constante y meramente para las mezquinas finalidades de la vida utilizando medios bajos e indignos. Quien posee un decisivo excedente de intelecto, lo utiliza en la medida precisa para ir más allá de ser un mero instrumento al servicio de la voluntad, excedente que desemboca, pues, por sí mismo en una actividad completamente libre, no suscitada ni por la voluntad ni por los objetivos de esta, actividad cuyo resultado será una concepción puramente objetiva del mundo y de las cosas, quien es capaz de esto es un genio y ello se refleja en su rostro: dicho excedente se halla, pues, en menor medida al servicio de la voluntad.

"The Wisdom of Life and Counsels and Maxims" is a thought-provoking collection of insights and reflections on the nature of existence and the pursuit of happiness. Compiled from the works of renowned philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, this book offers a unique perspective on the human condition, exploring the meaning of life, the importance of virtue and morality, and the sources of true happiness. With wit, wisdom, and a profound understanding of the human mind, Schopenhauer provides a roadmap for navigating the complexities of existence and offers practical advice for those seeking to live a fulfilling life. This book is essential reading for anyone seeking to deepen their understanding of the human experience and find guidance for the journey ahead."

La sabiduría de la vida como doctrina bien podría ser sinónima de la eudemónica. Debería enseñar a vivir lo más felizmente posible y, en concreto, resolver esta tarea aún bajo dos restricciones: a saber, sin una mentalidad estoica y sin tener un aire de maquiavelismo. La primera, el camino de la renuncia y austeridad no es adecuado, porque la ciencia está calculada para el hombre normal y éste está demasiado cargado de voluntad (vulgo sensualidad) como para querer buscar la felicidad por este camino: la última, el maquiavelismo, es decir, la máxima de alcanzar la felicidad a costa de la felicidad de todos los demás, no es adecuada porque en el hombre corriente no se puede presuponer la inteligencia necesaria para ello. El ámbito de la eudemonía se situaría, por tanto, entre el del estoicismo y el del maquiavelismo, considerando ambos extremos como caminos aunque más breves a la finalidad, pero sin embargo vedados a ella. Enseña cómo se puede ser lo más feliz posible sin mayores renuncias ni necesidad de vencerse a sí mismo y sin estimar a los otros directamente como simples medios para los propios fines.

L'Art d'avoir toujours raison est une ¿uvre du philosophe allemand Arthur Schopenhauer qui traite de l'art de la controverse ou « dialectique éristique ». Rédigée vers 1830-1831 et publiée en 1864, elle est parfois éditée en France sous le titre de La Dialectique éristique. Extrait: " Logique et dialectique étaient considérées par les Anciens comme étant synonymes, bien que ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ « réfléchir », « considérer », « calculer » et ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ « converser » soient deux concepts très différents. Le terme dialectique (¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿, ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿, ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿) aurait été, selon Diogène Laërce, d¿abord utilisé par Platon, et dans Phèdre, Le Sophiste, La République livre VII nous pouvons voir que par dialectique, il entend l¿emploi régulier de la raison ainsi que le développement des compétences dans sa pratique. Aristote utilise également le terme ¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ dans le même sens, mais selon Lorenzo Valla, il aurait également été le premier à utiliser le terme ¿¿¿¿¿¿ avec la même définition : nous trouvons ainsi dans son ¿uvre l¿expression ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿, c.-à-d. argutias, ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿, ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿. Ainsi ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ serait plus ancien que ¿¿¿¿¿¿."

Essays of renowned philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer are included in this book. The word "Arthur Schopenhauer" is all that is written on the stone marking his tomb in Frankfort, without even the year of his birth or death. When asked where he wanted to be buried, Schopenhauer said, "Anywhere; they will find me. The pessimist Schopenhauer had a sufficiently upbeat conviction that people would eventually pay attention to his message. This conviction never failed him throughout a lifetime of disappointments and neglect in places where he might have most valued appreciation; it only began to show some signs of being justified a few years before his passing.This unanimity does not exist with regard to his philosophical views; he is one of the philosophers who is most frequently misunderstood. He has already been thoroughly explained and criticized, and this will undoubtedly happen again. In practically all of the subsequent articles, but especially in the "Metaphysics of Love," to which the reader may be referred, is evident what the tendency of his underlying philosophical premise was, his metaphysical explanation of the universe.

The ''Studies In Pessimis'' is written by Arthur Schopenhauer. The Essays that are being provided here are an additional selection from Schopenhauer's Parerga that have been gathered under a title that is not present in the original. The first essay is primarily a translation of the philosopher's observations found in the section titled Night Reflections on the Lesson of the Death of the World, as well as excerpts from another portion titled Night Reflections on the Lesson of the Bejahung and Verneinung of the Will to Life. Such omissions as the author have made are primarily motivated by the wish to avoid restating arguments that readers of the other volumes in this series are already familiar with. The Dialogue on Immortality summarizes ideas that were extensively discussed in the philosopher's major book and again in the Parerga. The chapter of the original with the same title as this and the preceding volume is almost finished with the psychological observations. The essay about women shouldn't be read as a joke. It conveys Schopenhauer's strong opinions, and as a perceptive observer of humanity's flaws, he should be given a chance to speak on a topic that is currently generating a lot of discussion among us.