Bücher von Atulkumar P. Prajapati

Investigations were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of different insecticides by different methods of application as title under "Chemigation versus foliar application for management of pest complex of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.Walp) under South Gujarat conditions¿ at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during summer2018. The results revealed that aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch.) population started from 4thweek of March i.e. 13th SMW with 0.56 aphid index, increased continuously and reached to a peak level of 3.0 aphid index during 3rd week of May; jassid (Empoasca kerri Pruthi) population started from 3rd week of March (12th SMW) with 0.26 jassid/ 3 leaves/ plant and reached to a peak level of (4.66 jassids/3 leaves/ plant) in 8th week after sowing i.e. 5th week of April. (19thSMW) whereas whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) population started 1stWAS i.e. 3rd week of March (12th SMW) with 0.66 whitefly/3 leaves/Plant and reached to a peak level of 4.06 whiteflies per 3 leaves/ plant during 7th WAS in 1st week of May (18th SMW). The incidence of cowpea pod borer, (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) initiated from 5thWAS i.e. 3rd week of April (16th SMW).

An inventory of 42 species of different insects and mites was made for the organic bottle gourd crop. A total of 42 species of insects and mites belonging to 35 families of the 12 orders viz. Hemiptera, Dermeptera, Mantodea, Odonata, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera, Acarina and Araneae was observed on bottle gourd. Insects of the order Hemiptera were observed as the dominant group with 11 species and 10 families contributing to 27.5 per cent. Mite population was also observed in organic farming systems during the entire study period. A total of 5093 insects and mites from bottle gourd crop were observed during the summer 2020 and 2021. Order Hemiptera (36.66%) and Coleoptera (32.32%) were relatively more abundant on the organic farm compared to other orders. Shannon¿s diversity index, species richness and species evenness of insect and mites of organic bottle gourd crops were recorded as 2.94, 10.57 and 0.80, respectively.