Bücher von Charles Darwin

It took Charles Darwin more than twenty years to publish this book, in part because he realized that it would ignite a firestorm of controversy. The Origin of Species first appeared in 1859, and it remains a continuing source of conflict to this day. Even among those who reject its ideas, however, the works impact is undeniable. In science, philosophy, and theology, this is a book that changed the world.In addition to its status as the focus of a dramatic turning point in scientific thought, On the Origin of Species stands as a remarkably readable study. Carefully reasoned and well-documented in its arguments, the work offers coherent views of natural selection, adaptation, the struggle for existence, survival of the fittest, and other concepts that form the foundation of modern evolutionary theory.ABOUT THE AUTHOR:Charles Robert Darwin, FRS was an English naturalist and geologist, best known for his contributions to evolutionary theory. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors, and in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding.Darwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species. By the 1870s the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. In modified form, Darwins scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life.

"Coral Reefs" by Charles Darwin is a seminal work that unveils the mysteries of these vibrant underwater ecosystems. In this pioneering exploration, Darwin presents meticulous observations and profound insights into the formation and evolution of coral reefs. He investigates the intricate relationships between coral organisms, marine life, and the geological processes that shape these remarkable structures. Darwin's groundbreaking theories on the growth of coral reefs and the concept of subsidence have left an indelible mark on marine biology and geology. This book serves as a cornerstone in understanding the delicate balance and intricate beauty of coral ecosystems. With a compelling blend of scientific rigor and engaging prose, "Coral Reefs" remains a timeless resource for marine biologists, environmentalists, and anyone captivated by the wonders of the underwater world.

"Geological Observations on South America" by Charles Darwin is a groundbreaking exploration into the geological wonders of the South American continent. In this seminal work, Darwin meticulously documents his observations and findings during his voyage on HMS Beagle. From the Andes' towering peaks to the intricacies of geological formations, Darwin's keen eye and scientific acumen provide a comprehensive study of South America's geological history. Through vivid descriptions and detailed analysis, Darwin unveils the earth's complex processes, contributing significantly to the understanding of geological evolution. This work not only showcases Darwin's pioneering contributions to earth science but also serves as an enduring resource for geologists and enthusiasts, offering a timeless exploration of the fascinating geological features that characterize South America.

"On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection" is a seminal work written by Charles Darwin. First published in 1859, this book represents a landmark in the field of biology and is considered one of the most important scientific works ever written.In "On the Origin of Species," Charles Darwin presents his theory of evolution by natural selection. The central idea is that species evolve over time through the differential survival and reproduction of organisms with advantageous traits. Darwin provides a wealth of evidence from various scientific disciplines, including paleontology, embryology, and biogeography, to support his theory.The publication of this book had profound implications for the understanding of the diversity of life on Earth and challenged prevailing scientific and religious views at the time. Darwin's work laid the foundation for modern evolutionary biology and continues to influence scientific thought to this day.

"The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants" is a book written by Charles Darwin. Originally published in 1875, it is a botanical work in which Darwin explores the behavior and adaptations of various climbing plants. This book is considered one of Darwin's later works, following his groundbreaking "On the Origin of Species."In "The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants," Darwin investigates how certain plants exhibit climbing behaviors, the mechanisms they employ, and the advantages of climbing in their natural environments. He explores topics such as the role of twining, the movement of tendrils, and the ability of plants to adapt and reach for support in their surroundings.Darwin's observations and experiments in this book contribute to the broader understanding of plant biology and adaptation. While not as widely known as some of his other works, it reflects Darwin's meticulous approach to scientific inquiry and his curiosity about the natural world.

The Voyage of the Beagle, a maritime odyssey that unfolded in the early 19th century, stands as an extraordinary chapter in the annals of exploration, forever etching the HMS Beagle into the fabric of scientific history. Led by the intrepid Captain Robert FitzRoy, this maritime journey embarked in 1831, unfurling its sails to the winds of curiosity and discovery.Picture, if you will, the majestic vessel-a sleek, three-masted brigantine adorned with the Union Jack, cutting through the azure waves of the Atlantic Ocean. The Beagle was no ordinary ship; it was a floating laboratory, a crucible for scientific inquiry, with a young naturalist named Charles Darwin aboard. The ship's mission was ostensibly to chart the coast of South America, but its impact would transcend mere cartography.As the Beagle navigated the waters, it charted an intricate course, weaving through the labyrinth of the Galápagos archipelago, tracing the contours of the South American coastline, and anchoring in far-flung ports from Tierra del Fuego to Tahiti. Each landfall held a promise of discovery, a trove of new species, geological wonders, and cultural nuances waiting to be unraveled.The Galápagos Islands, an otherworldly realm in the Pacific, became a crucible of inspiration for Darwin. Here, he encountered an array of unique creatures, from giant tortoises to marine iguanas, each perfectly adapted to their isolated environments. These encounters sowed the seeds of his groundbreaking theory of evolution, the genesis of ideas that would reshape the very fabric of our understanding of life's tapestry.The Beagle's sojourn was not confined to biology alone; it danced through the realms of geology, anthropology, and meteorology. FitzRoy, a polymath in his own right, led surveys and experiments, collecting data that would enrich the scientific corpus for generations to come. The ship's deck, once reserved for the hustle of sailors, became a stage for the ballet of scientific inquiry, where specimens were cataloged, notes were scrawled, and hypotheses were born.Yet, this voyage was not without its trials. Storms battered the Beagle, testing the mettle of both ship and crew. The uncharted waters presented challenges that demanded resilience and determination. Through the tempests and trials, the Beagle persevered, emerging as a floating bastion of knowledge.The odyssey of the Beagle, spanning nearly five years, left an indelible mark on the scientific landscape. Its legacy resonates not only in the meticulous charts it produced but in the paradigm-shifting ideas born from the inquisitive mind of Charles Darwin. The journey of the Beagle transcends its nautical roots; it is a testament to the unyielding human spirit that yearns to explore the unknown, to unravel the mysteries that shroud our understanding of the world.As we reflect on the voyage of the Beagle, we are invited to envision the vast expanse of the open sea, to feel the spray of salt on our faces, and to marvel at the wonders of a world waiting to be discovered. The Beagle, with its billowing sails and insatiable curiosity, becomes not just a ship but a symbol-an emblem of human exploration, scientific enlightenment, and the boundless potential that lies beyond the horizon.

On the Origin of Species (or, more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life), published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin that is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. The book presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution. Darwin included evidence that he had collected on the Beagle expedition in the 1830s and his subsequent findings from research, correspondence, and experimentation.

Perhaps the most readable and accessible of the great works of scientific imagination, On The Origin of Species sold out on the day it was published in 1859. Its popularity is still undiminished. Based largely on Darwin's experience as a naturalist while on a fiveyear voyage aboard H.M.S. Beagle, On the Origin of Species explains the mechanism of natural selection: the idea that made evolution scientifically intelligible for the first time. On the origin of Species is one f the landmark works that has helped shape the modern world. The book has fresh applications today for its pioneering views on the ecology of plants and animals.

Les grands naturalistes se distinguent de la foule des savants estimables voués l¿étude des êtres organisés par un en- semble de qualités qui, toujours isolées et incomplètes chez le plus grand nombre, se trouvent réunies et concentrées dans le génie de ces grands hommes. Le talent d¿observation, l¿absence d¿idées préconçues, la méfiance de soi-même, la patience, la sincérité, caractérisent le naturaliste ordinaire: les grandes vues, l¿esprit de comparaison et de généralisation, le pouvoir de se dégager des conceptions dogmatiques antérieures, l¿application de nouvelles méthodes d¿investigation, lui font défaut ; ses travaux agrandissent les domaines de la Zoologie, de la Botanique ou de la Paléonto logie, mais ils n¿embrassent pas l¿ensemble des êtres organisés et ne modifient en rien la philosophie de la science. Les heureux novateurs dont la mémoire se rattache à l¿inauguration des grandes phases que l¿histoire naturelle a traversées, résumaient au contraire en eux toutes les quali- tés dont la combinaison est seule capable de la transformer. Tels furent Aristote, Linnée, Lamarck, Cuvier, les Jussieu, Robert Brown, Jean Müller et Alexandre de Humboldt. Tous se montrèrent à la fois des observateurs exacts et de hardis généralisateurs, tous découvrirent et signalèrent des horizons lointains, peine entrevus par leurs prédécesseurs.

Molti libri furono scritti sulla espressione materiale dei sentimenti, e un numero maggiore sulla fisionomia, vale a dire sul mezzo di riconoscere il carattere collo studio dello stato abituale dei lineamenti. Di quest'ultimo argomento io più non m'intrattengo. Gli antichi trattati ch'io consultai m'hanno giovato poco o nulla. Le famose Conférences del pittore Le Brun, pubblicate nel 1667, sono fra le opere antiche la migliore che si conserva, e contengono alcune buone osservazioni. Un altro saggio, piuttosto antico, i Discours, fatti dal 1774 al 1782 da Camper , il celebre anatomico olandese, non possono essere considerati tali da aver fatto progredire notevolmente la questione.

More Letters of Charles Darwin (Volume 1); A Record of His Work in a Series of Hitherto Unpublished Letters, a classical and rare book that has been considered essential throughout human history, so that this work is never forgotten, we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work and hence the text is clear and readable.

More Letters of Charles Darwin (Volume 2); A Record of His Work in a Series of Hitherto Unpublished Letters, a classical and rare book that has been considered essential throughout human history, so that this work is never forgotten, we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work and hence the text is clear and readable.

Soggetto del presente volume è la parte che i lombrici hanno avuto nella formazione dello strato di terra vegetale che copre tutta la superfice della crosta terrestre in ogni contrada discretamente umida. Generalmente questo strato di terra ha un colore nericcio e pochi centimetri di spessore. Differisce pochissimo nell'aspetto nei varii paesi, sebbene posi sopra sottosuoli diversi. La finezza uniforme delle particelle di cui è composto è uno dei suoi lineamenti caratteristici, e ciò si può osservare benissimo in qualunque paese ghiaioso...

Il soggetto del presente libro, vale a dire le diverse forme di fiori prodotti normalmente da certe specie di piante sullo stesso fusto o su fusti diversi, dovrebbe essere trattato da un botanico di professione, al qual titolo io non ho alcun diritto. Per quanto riguarda i rapporti sessuali dei fiori già Linneo avanti molto tempo introdusse la divisione di specie ermafroditiche, monoiche, dioiche e poligame. Questa distinzione fondamentale, coll¿aiuto di parecchie suddivisioni in ciascuna delle quattro classi, potrà servire al mio scopo; ma questa classificazione è artificiale, ed esistono fra questi gruppi frequenti passaggi.

È evidentissimo che i fiori del maggior numero delle piante, sono costruiti in modo da essere, o abitualmente o accidentalmente fecondati per incrocio, col mezzo del polline d¿un altro fiore posto, o sulla stessa pianta, o più generalmente, come vedremo in seguito, su una pianta diversa. Talvolta la fecondazione incrociata è assicurata dalla separazione dei sessi; il più delle volte essa lo è perchè la maturità del polline e dello stigma non avviene contemporaneamente. ¿ Tali piante si chiamano dicogame, e furono divise in due sottoclassi: le proterandre, nelle quali il polline matura prima dello stigma, e le protenogine, nelle quali avviene il contrario;