Bücher von Clements R. Markham

Adventurer, merchant and mapper of the New World, Amerigo Vespucci?s life is fascinating and vivid ? his letters, published here in full, reveal his discoveries.Born in Florence in the mid-15th century, Vespucci expressed an interest in the newly-discovered lands across the Atlantic Ocean from an early age. Educated by his uncle, a learned Dominican friar, in youth that Vespucci displayed a talent for money matters and mathematics ? these talents helped during his sea expeditions, which saw him draw many of the first maps made of South America's coast.This book does not merely contain Vespucci?s own writings, but also letters of other authors who refer to him and his accomplishments. Christopher Columbus praised Vespucci?s competence, while he is alluded to multiple times in the writings of historian Bartolome de las Casas. The compiler, annotator and translator of these correspondences is Clements R. Markham, who is keen to reveal the character and deeds that underpin Amerigo Vespucci?s reputation.

Adventurer, merchant and mapper of the New World, Amerigo Vespucci?s life is fascinating and vivid ? his letters, published here in full, reveal his discoveries.Born in Florence in the mid-15th century, Vespucci expressed an interest in the newly-discovered lands across the Atlantic Ocean from an early age. Educated by his uncle, a learned Dominican friar, in youth that Vespucci displayed a talent for money matters and mathematics ? these talents helped during his sea expeditions, which saw him draw many of the first maps made of South America's coast.This book does not merely contain Vespucci?s own writings, but also letters of other authors who refer to him and his accomplishments. Christopher Columbus praised Vespucci?s competence, while he is alluded to multiple times in the writings of historian Bartolome de las Casas. The compiler, annotator and translator of these correspondences is Clements R. Markham, who is keen to reveal the character and deeds that underpin Amerigo Vespucci?s reputation.

Sir Clements R. Markham, the doyen of historical geography in the late nineteenth century, published this comprehensive work on surveys of India in 1871. Beginning with the earliest European mapping of the Indian Ocean, Markham also covers the geological, archaeological and astronomical surveys of the subcontinent in the nineteenth century.

Clements R. Markham (1830-1916) began his career in the Royal Navy, sailing to South America, learning Spanish, and participating in the Arctic search for Sir John Franklin. In 1852, determined to succeed as an explorer and geographer, he travelled to Peru and visited the site of the ancient city of Cuzco, previously little known in Europe. Published in 1856, this is Markham's lively account of his travels. In his description of arriving in Panama we see a picture of the mid-nineteenth-century eagerness to explore (or exploit) Latin America. Markham's stay in Cuzco allowed him ample time to study the ruins and research the lost Inca civilisation, and also gave him his introduction to the properties of the cinchona plant, a source of quinine, which he later returned to collect and introduce to India, as described in his 1862 Travels in Peru and India (also reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection).

In this 1895 survey of the life and works of James Rennell (1742-1830), the geographer and historian Clements R. Markham (1830-1916) describes him as 'the greatest geographer that Great Britain has yet produced'. The book was published in the 'Century Science Series', which narrated the lives and works of exemplars in each area of science, and Markham goes on to explain why Rennell should be the chosen representative of geography. 'He was an explorer both by sea and land, a map compiler, a physical geographer, a critical and comparative geographer, and a hydrographer.' Rennell is probably best remembered for the surveys of western Asia (also reissued in this series) in which he attempted to match modern to classical sites, but his professional career was spent as an army surveyor in India and Africa. Markham's account of Rennell's life concludes with an examination of his geographical legacy.

This biography of polar explorer Sir Leopold McClintock (his name is also spelled M'Clintock) was published in 1909 by his 'old messmate' Sir Clements Markham (1830-1916), later more famous as a historian. (Several works by both men have been reissued in the Cambridge Library Collection.) McClintock (1819-1907) gained experience of Arctic voyages on the expeditions of James Clark Ross and Edward Belcher, during which he undertook several arduous sledge journeys over the ice. In 1854, he took leave from the navy to command the Fox, a ship paid for by Lady Franklin to investigate the fate of her husband's expedition. He found the memorandum, written by his second-in-command, which confirmed Franklin's death in June 1847. McClintock was knighted for his services on his return, and he stayed in the navy, serving on different stations around the world, until his retirement with the rank of admiral in 1884.

First published in 1906, this work was one of the first and most important Ricardian apologias for a general readership. A distinguished geographer, whose long career had involved voyaging to the Arctic in search of Sir John Franklin, as well as travels in Peru and India, Sir Clements Markham (1830-1916) had played a crucial role in launching Scott's first expedition to Antarctica in 1901. Markham also had a long-standing interest in the reputation of England's last Plantagenet king. The first part of this book presents the life of Richard, while the second half is devoted to a thorough examination of the charges laid against the monarch by the Tudors and later historians. Markham seeks to expose these charges as unfair and unfounded. The work also includes genealogical tables and a map of the Battle of Bosworth Field.

Sir Clements Robert Markham (1830-1916) had a lifelong interest in Peru. Having already travelled there in his early twenties, he was commissioned to return ten years later to supervise the collection of sufficient specimens of the cinchona tree for its introduction to India. The bark of the tree yielded quinine, by then a well-known febrifuge and one of the few effective treatments for malaria. This book, originally published in 1862, is Markham's personal account of his travels. His story moves from the misty heights of the Peruvian mountains, where he suffered from altitude sickness, to the Malabar coastline and its complex, remarkable caste system. Markham also includes a detailed history of the use of cinchona bark, both by Europeans and aboriginal Peruvians, and a discussion of Incan culture since the arrival of the Spanish. His work is still a valuable resource for students of scientific and colonial history.

Sir Clements R. Markham (1830-1916) served as president of the Royal Geographical Society and knew the prominent polar explorers of his day. Completed by the Cambridge geographer F. H. H. Guillemard (1852-1933), Markham's illustrated history, published posthumously in 1921, draws on his extensive knowledge of Arctic and Antarctic expeditions.

Clement Robert Markham (1830-1916) was a geographer who took part in one of the many Arctic expeditions launched to search for missing explorer John Franklin (1786-1847). This account, published in 1853, was written in response to criticism of the expedition. They had found some evidence of Franklin's route - he had set off in May 1845 to find the North-West Passage - but returned to Britain without any of the survivors. Markham gives a brief history of Arctic exploration, but the majority of the book recounts the expedition's efforts to find Franklin. The crew endured a harsh winter and sailed in iceberg-laden waters along the coast of Greenland, looking for clues of Franklin's whereabouts. They also spent some time exploring the Parry Islands (the present-day Queen Elizabeth Islands). Markham's account of the rescue mission provides insight into the little-known and often dangerous world of Arctic explorers.

In 1880, the Royal Geographical Society commissioned Sir Clements R. Markham, a noted British geographer and the Society's secretary, to write a history of its formation, and of the many expeditions it had supported since 1830, to celebrate its fiftieth anniversary. Published in 1881, The Fifty Years' Work of the Royal Geographical Society consists of twelve chapters. The first five are a condensed history of the original group of geographers who called themselves the Raleigh Club, and the events leading up to the Society's official formation. Chapters 6 and 7 recount the activities of past presidents, secretaries and leading members of the Society, with the rest of the book detailing the fascinating scientific expeditions the Society sponsored financially from the Arctic to Antarctica, the explorers who took part in them, and the various publications the Society published to advance natural science and exploration.