Bücher von Farhood Golmohammadi

Bildung wird als der grundlegendste Faktor für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung in unserem Land, dem Iran, angesehen. Die zunehmende Akzeptanz von Bildung auf allen Ebenen erhöht die Notwendigkeit, auf eine hohe Qualität, ein effizientes Management und die Anpassung der Bildung an die Bedürfnisse der Gesellschaft und die Merkmale des 21. Jahrhunderts zu achten. Die Arbeit spielt im Leben der meisten Menschen eine wichtige Rolle. Sie ermöglicht nicht nur die Befriedigung der Grundbedürfnisse wie Nahrung, Kleidung und Unterkunft, sondern die Art der Arbeit, die der Einzelne oder eine Gruppe ausübt, hat auch einen großen Einfluss auf ihre Identität, ihren sozialen Status und ihren Lebensstandard. Die technische und berufliche Bildung (TVET) befasst sich mit dem Erwerb von Kenntnissen und Fähigkeiten für die Arbeitswelt, um die Möglichkeiten für produktive Arbeit, nachhaltigen Lebensunterhalt, persönliches Empowerment und sozioökonomische Entwicklung zu verbessern. Die Entwicklung der technischen und beruflichen Bildung bedarf besonderer Aufmerksamkeit, da die Universitäten und die Möglichkeiten, eine höhere Bildung zu erreichen, begrenzt sind und der Bedarf an Jugendbeschäftigung und insbesondere die Arbeitslosigkeit von Hochschulabsolventen besteht.

La educación ha sido considerada como el factor más básico del desarrollo sostenible en nuestro país, es decir, Irán. La creciente aceptación de la educación a todos los niveles aumenta la necesidad de prestar atención a la calidad superior, la gestión eficaz y la adaptación de la educación a las necesidades de la sociedad y a las características del siglo XXI. El trabajo es un elemento fundamental en la vida de la mayoría de las personas. No sólo les proporciona los medios para satisfacer las necesidades básicas, como la alimentación, el vestido y la vivienda, sino que además el tipo de trabajo que realizan los individuos y los grupos tiene una gran repercusión en su autoidentidad, su estatus social y su nivel de vida. La Enseñanza y Formación Técnica y Profesional (EFTP) se ocupa de la adquisición de conocimientos y competencias para el mundo laboral con el fin de aumentar las oportunidades de trabajo productivo, medios de vida sostenibles, capacitación personal y desarrollo socioeconómico. El desarrollo de la enseñanza técnica y profesional requiere una atención especial debido a las limitaciones de las universidades y de los medios para lograr una educación superior y a la necesidad de empleo juvenil, y especialmente al desempleo de los titulados universitarios.

A educação tem sido considerada como o fator mais básico do desenvolvimento sustentável no nosso país, nomeadamente o Irão. A crescente aceitação da educação a todos os níveis aumenta a necessidade de prestar atenção à qualidade superior, à gestão eficaz e à adaptação da educação às necessidades da sociedade e às características do século XXI. O trabalho é um fator importante na vida da maioria das pessoas. Não só lhes proporciona os meios para satisfazerem as suas necessidades básicas, como a alimentação, o vestuário e o alojamento, mas também o tipo de trabalho realizado pelos indivíduos e pelos grupos tem um impacto importante na sua auto-identidade, estatuto social e nível de vida. O ensino e a formação técnicos e profissionais (EFTP) visam a aquisição de conhecimentos e de competências para o mundo do trabalho, a fim de aumentar as oportunidades de trabalho produtivo, de meios de subsistência sustentáveis, de capacitação pessoal e de desenvolvimento socioeconómico. O desenvolvimento do ensino técnico e profissional requer uma atenção especial devido às limitações das universidades e às formas de alcançar o ensino superior e à necessidade de emprego para os jovens e, em especial, ao desemprego dos licenciados.

L'istruzione è stata considerata il fattore più importante dello sviluppo sostenibile nel nostro Paese, l'Iran. La crescente accettazione dell'istruzione a tutti i livelli aumenta la necessità di prestare attenzione alla qualità superiore, alla gestione efficace e all'adattamento dell'istruzione alle esigenze della società e alle caratteristiche del XXI secolo. Il lavoro è un elemento fondamentale nella vita della maggior parte delle persone. Non solo fornisce loro i mezzi per soddisfare i bisogni primari, come cibo, vestiti e alloggio, ma anche il tipo di lavoro intrapreso dagli individui e dai gruppi ha un impatto importante sulla loro auto-identità, sullo status sociale e sul tenore di vita. L'istruzione e la formazione tecnica e professionale (TVET) riguardano l'acquisizione di conoscenze e competenze per il mondo del lavoro, al fine di aumentare le opportunità di lavoro produttivo, di sostentamento sostenibile, di emancipazione personale e di sviluppo socio-economico. Lo sviluppo dell'istruzione tecnica e professionale richiede un'attenzione particolare a causa dei limiti delle università e delle modalità di conseguimento dell'istruzione superiore e della necessità di occupazione giovanile, in particolare della disoccupazione dei laureati.

L'éducation a été considérée comme le facteur le plus fondamental du développement durable dans notre pays, à savoir l'Iran. L'acceptation croissante de l'éducation à tous les niveaux renforce la nécessité de prêter attention à la qualité supérieure, à la gestion efficace et à l'adaptation de l'éducation aux besoins de la société et aux caractéristiques du XXIe siècle. Le travail est un élément majeur de la vie de la plupart des gens. Non seulement il leur fournit les moyens de satisfaire leurs besoins fondamentaux, tels que l'alimentation, l'habillement et le logement, mais le type de travail entrepris par les individus et les groupes a également un impact majeur sur leur identité personnelle, leur statut social et leur niveau de vie. L'enseignement et la formation techniques et professionnels (EFTP) concernent l'acquisition de connaissances et de compétences pour le monde du travail afin d'accroître les possibilités de travail productif, de moyens de subsistance durables, d'autonomisation personnelle et de développement socio-économique. Le développement de l'enseignement technique et professionnel doit faire l'objet d'une attention particulière en raison des limites des universités et des moyens d'accéder à l'enseignement supérieur, ainsi que de la nécessité d'assurer l'emploi des jeunes, et en particulier le chômage des diplômés de l'université.

About 2,500 years ago, Persians invented a number of methods for harnessing groundwater, including a water management system called a qanat. They supply about 7.6 billion m3, or 15% of the country¿s total water needs, and play a major role in advanced water harvesting. Still used today, qanats are built as a series of underground tunnels and wells that bring groundwater to the surface. The qan¿t is a water structure used since ancient times that allows access to water year-round. At first, an underground aquifer is located as the water source to which a shaft is dug down. After establishing this connection, an underground tunnel is excavated with regular vertical shafts to the surface for air circulation. These shafts allow for the identification of a qan¿t through remote sensing as they appear in lines on the surface. The tunnel conveys the water from the aquifer source towards the mazhar, an outflow facility, from which canals divert it further to wherever is necessary. Qan¿t water is often a necessity for allowing agriculture in semi-arid and arid areas, but is also used to supplement existing water networks. Primarily, water is used for agriculture, but it can also provide as.

V nashej strane, a imenno w Irane, obrazowanie rassmatriwaetsq kak samyj osnownoj faktor ustojchiwogo razwitiq. Vse bol'shee priznanie obrazowaniq na wseh urownqh powyshaet neobhodimost' udelqt' wnimanie ego wysokomu kachestwu, äffektiwnomu uprawleniü i adaptacii k potrebnostqm obschestwa i osobennostqm XXI weka. Rabota zanimaet wazhnoe mesto w zhizni bol'shinstwa lüdej. Ona ne tol'ko daet im sredstwa dlq udowletworeniq osnownyh potrebnostej, takih kak pischa, odezhda i zhil'e, no i wid truda, kotorym zanimaütsq otdel'nye lüdi i gruppy lüdej, okazywaet suschestwennoe wliqnie na ih samoidentifikaciü, social'nyj status i urowen' zhizni. Tehnicheskoe i professional'noe obrazowanie i podgotowka (TPOP) naprawleno na priobretenie znanij i nawykow w sfere truda s cel'ü rasshireniq wozmozhnostej dlq produktiwnoj raboty, obespecheniq ustojchiwyh sredstw k suschestwowaniü, rasshireniq praw i wozmozhnostej lichnosti i social'no-äkonomicheskogo razwitiq. Razwitie tehnicheskogo i professional'nogo obrazowaniq trebuet osobogo wnimaniq w swqzi s ogranichennymi wozmozhnostqmi uniwersitetow i putej polucheniq wysshego obrazowaniq, a takzhe neobhodimost'ü obespecheniq zanqtosti molodezhi, i osobenno bezraboticy sredi wypusknikow uniwersitetow.

Education has been considered as the most basic factor of sustainable development in our country, namely Iran. Increasing acceptance of education at all levels increases the need to pay attention to superior quality, effective management and adaptation of education to the needs of society and the characteristics of the twenty-first century. Work is a major feature in most people¿s lives. Not only does it provide them with the means to meet basic needs, such as food, clothing and shelter, but also the type of work undertaken by individuals and groups has a major impact on their self-identity, social status and standard of living. Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is concerned with the acquisition of knowledge and skills for the world of work to increase opportunities for productive work, sustainable livelihoods, personal empowerment and socio-economic development. Development of technical and vocational education needs special attention due to the limitations of universities and ways to achieve higher education and the need for youth employment, and especially the unemployment of university graduates.

Water is affecting many aspects of human life, either in good or bad way. Water supports human life and become source of growth. Attention to water as the source of growth and development has been increased significantly. The twenty-first century is replete with uncertainty and complexity, game-changing trends are transforming the world. Indeed, uncertainty will be a key feature of the 21st century. Observed trends and projections for the future indicate a strong susceptibility to changes in the hydro-logical regimes, an increasing general shortage of water resources and consequent threats to water availability and management. Global trends affect regions, countries, industries, and even firms in heterogeneous ways. These trends entail both challenges and opportunities. Water availability is sensitive to climate change. Water conservation is one of the oldest activities practiced by old civilization to fulfill the required demand of water for irrigated agriculture and domestic needs in the arid and semi-arid regions. In ancient times the recharge movement initiated by the local communities was aided and supported by emperors. Agricultural output & food supply are sensitive to water

Development programmes since at least three decades ago, having an overall goal of poverty alleviation and improving the health and nutrition of families, view rural women and children as ¿efficient¿ policy targets. Gender equality for countries were obtained from the Gender Inequality Index (GII), developed by the United Nations Development Programme from data including the maternal mortality ratio, adolescent fertility rates, educational attainment statistics, and women¿s parliamentary representation and labor market participation in each country. Two main goals of sustainable development are increasing capabilities of human race and expansion of people choices in their lives. In sustainable development process, rural women and children are considered as two focal points of the target groups by planners. Their empowerment and processes for their participation in development as a great part of human resource in villages are the main concern of many countries' policy makers. Education is no longer seen as an end in itself but rather as a key instrument for bringing about the changes in knowledge, values, behavior and lifestyles required to achieve sustainability.

Rural development is the process of improving the quality of life and economic well-being of people living in relatively isolated and sparsely populated areas. Rural development actions are mainly and mostly to development aim for the social and economic improvement of the rural areas and aims at finding the ways to improve the rural lives with participation of the rural people themselves so as to meet the required need of the rural area and is also characterized by its emphasis on locally produced economic development strategies. It can therefore be argued that the ultimate goal of participation is empowerment. Participation then is about power relations. Nowadays sustainable rural development is a pillar and focal point in most discussions for betterment of conditions especially in developing countries such as Iran. ¿Sustainable development¿ (SD) is a new concept with various perspectives in communities. Cities and rural areas are in the core of attention for developing. As a developing country, Iran has 65000 villages with about 22 million people living in rural areas. They are living under poverty line and their survive depend on agriculture, whether directly or indirectly.

Development programmes since at least three decades ago, having an overall goal of poverty alleviation and improving the health and nutrition of families, view rural women and children as ¿efficient¿ policy targets. Two main goals of sustainable development are increasing capabilities of human race and expansion of people choices in their lives. In sustainable development process, rural women and children are considered as two focal points of the target groups by planners. In chapter one, author investigate on various aspects of rural women participation, empowerment and entrepreneurship especially by their cooperatives in east of Iran and their current situations and problems in these domains and present approaches for bettering them in order to accessing sustainable development. In chapter two, state various aspects of ICTs and advanced media innovations in distance education, training, empowering, entrepreneurship etc. for improving situation, income, welfare of rural women and their households.In this book, author discussing his viewpoints and three decades scientific studies & experiences on Rural Women and Children in Iran: Development, Situations, Problems and Approaches.