Bücher von Gurpreet Singh

The concept of V-shaped rib was developed to capitalize on this span-wise variation of heat transfer for inclined ribs. The V-shaped rib reduced span-wise variation of heat transfer and increased average heat transfer. The heat transfer results have been compared with those for smooth ducts under similar flow and thermal boundary conditions. It is found that the angled ribs give higher heat transfer rate than transverse ribs, because of the secondary flow induced by the rib angle, in addition to breaking the laminar sub-layer and producing local wall turbulence. The results show that the V-shaped down rib with gap performs better than the angled ribs because of the development of two vortices cells compared to only one cell in the case of inclined ribs.

Il termine riscaldamento solare ad aria si riferisce a una tecnologia in cui l'energia radiante emessa dal sole viene catturata in un assorbitore e utilizzata per il riscaldamento degli ambienti. È ovvio che si tratta di un metodo rinnovabile e non inquinante per produrre il riscaldamento degli ambienti e che, se utilizzato in edifici commerciali o industrie, può essere molto conveniente. I riscaldatori solari ad aria convenzionali hanno una bassa efficienza termica a causa del basso coefficiente di trasferimento di calore tra la piastra assorbente e l'aria, che porta a una temperatura più elevata dell'assorbitore e quindi a maggiori perdite termiche. Sono stati fatti tentativi per aumentare il trasferimento di calore all'aria che scorre attraverso il condotto del riscaldatore ad aria solare utilizzando assorbitori alettati, assorbitori a letto impaccato, assorbitori ondulati, flusso d'aria a due passaggi, lastre di vetro sovrapposte, assorbitori irruviditi artificialmente, ecc. In conclusione, l'indagine sperimentale condotta per raccogliere dati esaustivi sui condotti di riscaldamento dell'aria solare irruviditi artificialmente ha rivelato che irruvidendo la parte inferiore della piastra assorbente del condotto di riscaldamento dell'aria solare con una nervatura trasversale circolare, le prestazioni termiche vengono migliorate.

Termin "solnechnoe wozdushnoe otoplenie" otnositsq k tehnologii, pri kotoroj luchistaq änergiq solnca ulawliwaetsq w absorbere i ispol'zuetsq dlq obogrewa pomeschenij. Razumeetsq, äto wozobnowlqemyj i ne zagrqznqüschij okruzhaüschuü sredu sposob obogrewa pomeschenij, a pri ispol'zowanii w kommercheskih zdaniqh ili na proizwodstwe on mozhet byt' ochen' äkonomicheski äffektiwnym. Tradicionnye solnechnye wozduhonagrewateli imeüt nizkuü teplowuü äffektiwnost' iz-za nizkogo koäfficienta teploperedachi mezhdu plastinoj absorbera i wozduhom, chto priwodit k powysheniü temperatury absorbera i, sledowatel'no, k bol'shim teplowym poterqm. Predprinimalis' popytki uwelichit' teploperedachu wozduhu, prohodqschemu cherez kanal solnechnogo wozduhonagrewatelq, s pomosch'ü orebrennyh absorberow, absorberow s nabiwnym sloem, gofrirowannyh absorberow, dwuhhodowogo potoka wozduha, perekrywaüschihsq steklqnnyh plastin, absorberow s iskusstwennoj sherohowatost'ü reber i t.d. V zaklüchenie sleduet otmetit', chto prowedennye äxperimental'nye issledowaniq po sboru obshirnyh dannyh ob iskusstwenno sherohowatyh wozduhowodah solnechnyh wozduhonagrewatelej pokazali, chto sherohowatost' nizhnej storony plastiny absorbera wozduhowoda solnechnogo wozduhonagrewatelq s krugowym poperechnym rebrom pozwolqet powysit' teplowye harakteristiki.

Le terme "chauffage solaire de l'air" fait référence à une technologie dans laquelle l'énergie rayonnante émise par le soleil est captée dans un absorbeur et utilisée pour le chauffage des locaux. Il va sans dire qu'il s'agit d'une méthode renouvelable et non polluante de chauffage des locaux, qui peut s'avérer très rentable lorsqu'elle est utilisée dans des bâtiments commerciaux ou des industries. Les aérothermes solaires conventionnels ont une faible efficacité thermique en raison du faible coefficient de transfert de chaleur entre la plaque de l'absorbeur et l'air, ce qui entraîne une température plus élevée de l'absorbeur et donc des pertes thermiques plus importantes. Des tentatives ont été faites pour augmenter le transfert de chaleur vers l'air circulant dans le conduit du chauffe-air solaire en utilisant des absorbeurs à ailettes, des absorbeurs à lit compact, des absorbeurs ondulés, un flux d'air à deux passages, des plaques de verre superposées, des absorbeurs à nervures artificielles, etc. En conclusion, l'étude expérimentale menée pour recueillir des données complètes sur les conduits de chauffage solaire à nervures artificielles a révélé que le fait de rugosifier la face inférieure de la plaque absorbante du conduit de chauffage solaire à l'aide d'une nervure circulaire transversale permet d'améliorer les performances thermiques.

O termo aquecimento solar do ar refere-se a uma tecnologia em que a energia radiante emitida pelo sol é captada num absorvedor e utilizada para o aquecimento de espaços. Escusado será dizer que se trata de um método renovável e isento de poluição para produzir aquecimento ambiente e, quando utilizado em edifícios comerciais ou indústrias, pode ser muito económico. Os aquecedores de ar solares convencionais têm uma eficiência térmica baixa devido ao baixo coeficiente de transferência de calor entre a placa absorvente e o ar, o que leva a uma temperatura mais elevada do absorvedor e, consequentemente, a perdas térmicas mais elevadas. Foram feitas tentativas para aumentar a transferência de calor para o ar que flui através da conduta do aquecedor solar de ar utilizando absorvedores com alhetas, absorvedores de leito empacotado, absorvedores ondulados, fluxo de ar de duas passagens, placas de vidro sobrepostas, absorvedores com nervuras artificialmente rugosas, etc. Em conclusão, a investigação experimental efectuada para recolher dados extensivos sobre condutas de aquecimento de ar solar desbastadas artificialmente revelou que, ao desbastar a parte inferior da placa de absorção da conduta de aquecimento de ar solar com uma nervura transversal circular, o desempenho térmico é melhorado.

Der Begriff Solarluftheizung bezieht sich auf eine Technologie, bei der die von der Sonne ausgestrahlte Strahlungsenergie in einem Absorber aufgefangen und zur Raumheizung genutzt wird. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass es sich um eine erneuerbare und umweltfreundliche Methode zur Erzeugung von Raumwärme handelt, die beim Einsatz in gewerblichen Gebäuden oder in der Industrie sehr kosteneffizient sein kann. Herkömmliche Solarluftheizungen haben einen geringen thermischen Wirkungsgrad, da der Wärmeübergangskoeffizient zwischen der Absorberplatte und der Luft niedrig ist, was zu einer höheren Absorbertemperatur und damit zu höheren Wärmeverlusten führt. Es wurden Versuche unternommen, die Wärmeübertragung auf die durch den Solarluftheizungskanal strömende Luft zu erhöhen, indem gerippte Absorber, Festbettabsorber, gewellte Absorber, Luftströmung mit zwei Durchgängen, überlappende Glasplatten, künstlich aufgeraute Absorber usw. verwendet wurden. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die experimentelle Untersuchung, die durchgeführt wurde, um umfassende Daten über künstlich aufgeraute Solarluftheizungskanäle zu sammeln, gezeigt hat, dass durch Aufrauen der Unterseite der Absorberplatte des Solarluftheizungskanals mit einer kreisförmigen Querrippe die thermische Leistung verbessert wird.

El término calefacción solar por aire hace referencia a una tecnología en la que la energía radiante emitida por el sol se capta en un absorbedor y se utiliza para calentar espacios. No hace falta decir que se trata de un método renovable y no contaminante para producir calefacción y que, cuando se utiliza en edificios comerciales o industrias, puede resultar muy rentable. Los calentadores solares de aire convencionales tienen un bajo rendimiento térmico debido al bajo coeficiente de transferencia de calor entre la placa absorbente y el aire, lo que provoca una mayor temperatura del absorbedor y, por tanto, mayores pérdidas térmicas. Se ha intentado aumentar la transferencia de calor al aire que fluye por el conducto del calentador solar de aire utilizando absorbedores con aletas, absorbedores de lecho compacto, absorbedores corrugados, flujo de aire de dos pasos, placas de vidrio superpuestas, absorbedores con nervaduras artificiales, etc. En conclusión, la investigación experimental llevada a cabo para recopilar datos exhaustivos sobre los conductos de calentadores solares de aire artificialmente rugosos ha revelado que al rugar la parte inferior de la placa absorbente del conducto del calentador solar de aire con una nervadura transversal circular, se mejora el rendimiento térmico.

The term solar air heating refers to a technology in which the radiant energy emitted by the sun is captured in an absorber and used for space heating. Needless to say, it is a renewable and pollution-free method to produce space heating, and when used in commercial buildings or industries, it could be very cost-effective. Conventional solar air heaters have low thermal efficiency because of the low heat transfer coefficient between the absorber plate and air, leading to a higher absorber temperature and hence higher thermal losses. Attempts have been made to increase heat transfer to air flowing through the solar air heater duct using finned absorbers, packed bed absorbers, corrugated absorbers, two-pass air flow, overlapped glass plates, artificially rib-roughened absorbers, etc. In conclusion, the experimental investigation carried out to collect extensive data on artificially roughened solar air heater ducts has revealed that by roughening the underside of the absorber plate of the solar air heater duct with a circular transverse rib, the thermal performance is enhanced.

This monograph brings forth biomechanical research methods and outcomes on human tissue experiments such as those of the brain and the heart under a single umbrella. Different mechanical characterization techniques employed in human tissue property estimation are presented in detail. The contents also focus on a hyperelastic constitutive model (e.g., Mooney-Rivlin, Ogden) for both isotropic and anisotropic tissue characterization. It also discusses energy dissipation in soft tissues and associated viscoelasticity. Human tissues, including skin, muscles, connective tissues, and tissues in all functional organs are listed and their mechanical properties are presented in detail. These tissue properties are indispensable for computational modeling of biological systems, validation of biomechanical tissue testing, medical simulation through development of artificial phantoms and surrogates, and testing of medical devices and interventions. This book will serve as a key reference forresearch in tissue engineering & biomedical engineering, medical simulation, biomechanics, finite element modeling of biological systems, biomaterials, biotechnology, implant and medical device development, and healthcare wearables.

Ce livre traite de l'idée générale du filigrane ainsi que des différents types de technologies de dissimulation de l'information et des différents types de techniques de filigrane. Les différentes attaques utilisées pour le filigrane vidéo sont discutées et analysées dans ce livre, qui se concentre sur les filigranes intégrés dans les séquences vidéo produites à l'aide de la technique ACA. Plusieurs méthodes de filigrane sont conçues, mises en ¿uvre et comparées les unes aux autres en termes de perceptibilité et de robustesse.

During the past decades, a considerable progress in plasma applications has been made such as cutting, spraying, arc heating, re-entry of space-vehicles, astrophysical problems. All these applications require the knowledge of thermodynamic and transport properties of hydrogen and argon-hydrogen plasmas. The evaluation of transport properties of thermal plasmas is based upon solving the Boltzmann equation using the Chapman-Enskog method. The present work in the form of a book is useful to realize and estimate the role of Electronically Excited States(EES) in affecting the transport properties for LTE hydrogen, argon and argon-hydrogen plasmas. The thermodynamic properties of given plasma are function of degree of ionization, which is usually obtained using the Saha equation. The role of EES in affecting these properties has been examined over wide range of temperature and pressure. The thermodynamic and transport properties of argon and argon-hydrogen plasmas have been calculated for both GS and ES plasmas under LTE conditions over a wide range of temperature and pressure.

All agricultural crops are infected by one or more genera of plant parasitic nematode. Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica has wide host range and infects tomato also. The book is intended to cover three management option to curb the menace of this nematode. 1) Biological 2) Organic amendment 3) Chemical Individual treatment of the said option in nursery is followed by integration of the best option in main field. It's taken 24 months to write this book. Give me 24 seconds to persuade you to read this book....

The book is about the general idea of watermarking along with different types of information hiding technologies with different types of watermarking techniques. Various watermarking attacks used for video watermarking are discussed and analysed in this book.The work focuses on watermarks embedded into video sequences produced using ACA technique. Several watermarking methods are designed, implemented and compared with each other in terms of their perceptibility and robustness.