Bücher von Hany A Elazab

Chemical kinetics is the part of physical chemistry that studies reaction rates of the reaction. As in this project we study the kinetics of saponification reaction by hydrolysis of ethyl acetate with caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) to produce ethanol and sodium acetate which takes place in a liquid plug flow reactor as this reaction is considered one of the most known reactions in the chemical industry, where ethanol is considered as a great major in chemical industries as it can reacts with acetic acid to produce ethyl acetate, also sodium acetate which is used in many applications such as soap.

Hydrogel which is also known as super absorbent polymer is a type of polymer whose structure is three dimensional and it is capable of swelling and absorbing large amounts of water. Such absorption of water depends on many factors such as type of the polymer, temperature, pressure, and other factors such as the cross linking density. There are many types of hydrogels around the world. One of these types is Poly (vinyl alcohol) cross linked with aldehyde such as Glutaraldehyde. Another example is Methylene-Bis-Acrylamide cross linked Poly (2-Acrylamide-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulphonic acid) hydrogel (PAMPS).

Preparation and characterization of Copper based catalyst for different applications in catalysis via microwave irradiation. Microwave is used due to the significant dielectric heating system over convective heating where the reactant are added under mild reaction conditions. Metal oxides are mainly used in homogeneous catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis as well. Heterogeneous catalyst is better than homogeneous one as it is easy to separate components unlike homogeneous catalysis having problem in separating components.

The pathway from Hexamine to HMX is long and includes many intermediate compounds. Hexamine Dinitrate and Dinitropentamethylene Tetramine (DPT) are two of these intermediates. The limited solubility of the above mentioned intermediates weaken the applicability of the ordinary first and second order kinetic models on the decomposition step in which Hexamine Dinitrate was converted into DPT. The correlation coefficient with the first order fit was somewhat higher than that corresponding to the second order fit. This result means that the mentioned reaction is probably first order but fitting had to be redone according to the fluid ¿ particle models in order to consider the heterogeneity of the investigated mixture. The diffusion controlling kinetic models were not highly consistent with the experimental results.The surface reaction controlling model was more tightly consistent with the experimental findings. The activation energy was found from the famous Arrhenius plot. For the conversion of hexamine dinitrate into DPT under the adopted non ¿ aqueous conditions, the activation energy was 84kJ/mole, which means that the reaction rate may be doubled or tripled for each ten degrees.

Thermal insulation is the ability of the material to prevent or reduce the heat transfer through the insulating material or between thermally contacted objectives. The increasing of the greenhouse effect leads to a continuous rising of the temperature especially in the summer, thus, there is a continuous research that aims to find more effective and environmental friendly insulation materials. Nowadays, a great number of proportions from polyurethane foam are produced every year in order to be used as an insulating material. Polyurethane foam shows an effective heat insulation results, but the price of the polyurethane is getting more expensive. This Book aims to prepare, design and develop effective heat insulation composite based on shredded used automobile tires. Hence, using cheap materials such as shredded used tires, which considered as undesirable waste material, results in both producing a cheap national heat insulating roof tile with good mechanical, waterproofing and thermal insulating characteristics along with solving a serious environmental problem that occurs to get rid of the shredded waste automobile tires.

The aim of this book is to provide the engineering students with a broad understanding of chemistry basics necessary for engineers. This will be accomplished by introducing students to simple definitions and examples in order to prepare them effectively for subsequent studies in engineering. Chemical Engineering as one of the main engineering sectors that is a multidisciplinary field including applied science, math, physics, material science, and chemistry.