Bücher von Harshalkumar Bhange

Vodorazdel - äto geograficheskaq oblast', s kotoroj powerhnostnye wody stekaüt k odnomu wodosbrosu. Gidrologicheskoe powedenie wodosbora otrazhaetsq opredelennymi geomorfologicheskimi harakteristikami wodosbora. Geomorfologicheskij analiz - äto sistematicheskoe opisanie geometrii wodosbora i sistemy ego rusel dlq izmereniq linejnyh aspektow drenazhnoj seti, arealow drenazhnogo bassejna i rel'efnyh aspektow ruslowoj seti. Reka Dzhog - reka w okruge Ratnagiri shtata Maharashtra. Reka beret swoe nachalo w hrebtah Sah'qdri, techet na zapad i wpadaet w Arawijskoe more okolo Anzharle. Shema drenazha bassejna reki Dzhog pokazywaet, chto äto bassejn shestogo porqdka. Bassejn reki Dzhog so znacheniem plotnosti drenazha 1,60 km/km2, skoree wsego, obuslowlen regionami s wysokopronicaemym gruntowym materialom pod gustym rastitel'nym pokrowom. Koäfficient wytqnutosti bassejna reki Dzhog sostawlqet 0,64, chto goworit o wytqnutosti wodosbora. Rezul'taty morfometricheskoj ocenki wodosbora wazhny dlq uprawleniq wodnymi resursami i dlq wybora hranilisch w ätom rajone dlq buduschego uprawleniq. Metody DZZ i GIS äkonomqt wremq i imeüt men'shuü weroqtnost' wozniknoweniq oshibok.

La degradación del suelo en la India es extremadamente grave porque este país sustenta al 18% de la población mundial y al 15% de la cabaña ganadera, pero sólo tiene el 2,4% de la superficie terrestre mundial. Las causas de la degradación del suelo son tanto naturales como humanas. Algunas de las causas sociales subyacentes de la degradación del suelo en India son la escasez de tierra, la disminución de la disponibilidad de tierra per cápita, la presión económica sobre la tierra, la pobreza y el aumento de la población. Las características de la escorrentía pluvial se desarrollaron para parcelas de 8, 12 y 20%. Se observa que, al aumentar la pendiente del terreno, aumenta la escorrentía. Pero se observa que, la escorrentía se reduce a medida que aumenta la cubierta vegetal. Como inicialmente las parcelas eran estériles, no se observaron diferencias significativas de escorrentía entre las tres parcelas. Las precipitaciones mensuales para 2017 fueron de 1014,7, 920,8, 576, 758 y 135,0 mm para los meses de junio, julio, agosto, septiembre y octubre, respectivamente. La escorrentía se observó a partir de 8, 12 y 20 % de pendiente durante la temporada de estudio fue de 431,61, 571,9 y 590,62 mm, respectivamente, mientras que el rendimiento de sedimentos fue de 4,095, 5,504 y 5,581 t / ha / año, respectivamente observado.

Soil degradation in India is extremely serious because India supports 18% of the world¿s population & 15% of the world¿s livestock, but it has only 2.4% of the world¿s land area. Causes of soil degradation are both natural & human-induced. Some underlying social causes of soil degradation in India are land shortage, decline in per capita land availability, economic pressure on land, poverty, & population increase. The rainfall runoff characteristics were developed for 8, 12 and 20 per cent plot. It is observed that, increasing slope of land increases in runoff. But it is observed that, runoff reduces as vegetative cover increases. As initially plots were barren, not significant runoff difference were observed from three plots. The monthly rainfall for 2017 were 1014.7, 920.8, 576, 758 and 135.0 mm for month June, July, Aug, Sept and Oct, respectively observed. Runoff were observed from 8, 12 and 20 % slope during study season were 431.61, 571.9 and 590.62 mm, respectively whereas sediment yield were 4.095, 5.504 and 5.581 t/ha/years, respectively observed. The sediment yield and runoff found to be more from 20 % slope compared to 8 and 12 % slope runoff plots.

Earthen nala bund (ENB) is water retaining structure constructed across the slope. The objectives of this study were to study the ENB in respect of design dimensions and compare and evaluate the design parameters of selected earthen nala bund with standard design under similar hydrological condition. To achieve these objectives ENB constructed at Kangawi watershed of Dapoli Tahsil the Department of Agriculture, Maharashtra State was selected. The ENB selected was constructed in the year 2011. The area of watershed is 45 ha with average slope of about 2.67%. For the existing and standard design dimensions of ENB structure there was difference between standard design and existing design. The depth of existing flood spillway for the ENB was found to be more than the desired depth. The velocities of flow of water trough the design sections of flood spillway were within safe limit. The cost of construction of existing nala bund was found to be higher than the cost calculated for the structure, designed by standard design procedure. The ENB constructed by considering the hydrological, hydraulic and structural design of the nala bund.

Watershed is an ideal unit and accepted for planning, development and management of land and water resources. The quantitative analysis of any drainage system is important aspect for characterization of watersheds. Using a watershed as basic unit in morphometric analysis is most logical choice because all hydrologic and geomorphic processes occur within the watershed. The study focuses mainly on the major six watersheds with an area 6982.323 km2 of Raigad district. Various linear, areal and relief aspects of all the watersheds were calculated. This was achieved using GIS to provide digital data that can be manipulated for set of calculations. The analysis revealed that the total number as well as total length of stream segments of first order stream is maximum than that of other higher order streams. The total number of streams and their length decreases as the order increases. Horton¿s law of stream numbers and stream length also holds good. The bifurcation ratio varies from 1.675 to to 4.2 and the elongation ratio varying from 0.679 to 0.827, indicating that watersheds of elongated type have high relief and steep slopes.