Bücher von Henri Pirenne

l'Empire de Charlemagne est le point d'aboutissement de la rupture par l'Islam de l'équilibre européen Dans cet ouvrage, l'historien belge Henri Pirenne, défend la thèse selon laquelle les invasions germaniques n'ont pas mis fin à l'unité méditerranéenne ni à la culture antique, tandis que l'invasion de l'Islam, avec laquelle seule commence le Moyen Âge, a consommé le divorce entre l'Orient et l'Occident, repoussé l'axe de la vie occidentale vers le nord, suscité l'Empire carolingien, imprimé à l'Europe une physionomie nouvelle.L'ouvrage est divisé en deux parties : l'Europe occidentale avant l'Islam, l'Islam et les Carolingiens. La première est destinée à mettre en évidence que les invasions germaniques ont laissé intacte la Romania dont le sol a bu la vie barbare . Sur le plan institutionnel Ostrogoths, Wisigoths, Vandales, Burgondes gouvernent à la romaine; ... tout ce qui vit et fonctionne est romain . De même, le régime des personnes et des biens demeure ce qu'il était. Plus encore que l'état social, la vie économique reste inchangée. En revanche, avec l'invasion de l'Islam, tout s'effondre.Le format et la mise en page de cette édition assurent une lecture confortable.

... La rupture de la tradition antique a eu pour instrument l'avance rapide et imprévue de l'Islam. Elle a eu pour conséquence de séparer définitivement l'Orient de l'Occident, en mettant fin à l'unité méditerranéenne. Des pays comme l'Afrique et l'Espagne, qui avaient continué à participer à la communauté occidentale, gravitent désormais dans l'orbite de Bagdad. C'est une autre religion, une autre culture dans tous les domaines, qui y apparaît. La Méditerranée occidentale, devenue un lac musulman, cesse d'être la voie des échanges et des idées qu'elle n'avait cessé d'être jusqu'alors.L'Occident est embouteillé et forcé de vivre sur lui-même, en vase clos. Pour la première fois depuis toujours, l'axe de la vie historique est repoussé de la Méditerranée vers le nord. La décadence, où tombe à la suite de cela le royaume mérovingien, fait apparaître une nouvelle dynastie, originaire des régions germaniques du Nord, la Carolingienne...

The Stages In The Social History Of CapitalismThis book is a result of an effort made by us towards making a contribution to the preservation and repair of original classic literature.In an attempt to preserve, improve and recreate the original content, we have worked towards:1. Type-setting & Reformatting: The complete work has been re-designed via professional layout, formatting and type-setting tools to re-create the same edition with rich typography, graphics, high quality images, and table elements, giving our readers the feel of holding a 'fresh and newly' reprinted and/or revised edition, as opposed to other scanned & printed (Optical Character Recognition - OCR) reproductions.2. Correction of imperfections: As the work was re-created from the scratch, therefore, it was vetted to rectify certain conventional norms with regard to typographical mistakes, hyphenations, punctuations, blurred images, missing content/pages, and/or other related subject matters, upon our consideration. Every attempt was made to rectify the imperfections related to omitted constructs in the original edition via other references. However, a few of such imperfections which could not be rectified due to intentional\unintentional omission of content in the original edition, were inherited and preserved from the original work to maintain the authenticity and construct, relevant to the work.We believe that this work holds historical, cultural and/or intellectual importance in the literary works community, therefore despite the oddities, we accounted the work for print as a part of our continuing effort towards preservation of literary work and our contribution towards the development of the society as a whole, driven by our beliefs. We are grateful to our readers for putting their faith in us and accepting our imperfections with regard to preservation of the historical content. HAPPY READING!

Except for a thin slice of territory south of the Yser River, Belgium was entirely occupied by the Germans from October 15, 1914 until the end of the First World War. The suffering of the Belgian people, which made such a vivid impression on Americans, British, Canadians, and Australians at the time, has been largely forgotten. The invasion was accompanied by mass executions and wholesale arson; nearly 6,000 civilians were killed. Over 2 million Belgians escaped to the Netherlands, France, and Britain. When order was restored, the nation faced a grave economic crisis. A major exporter and among the most prosperous countries in Europe, Belgium was now cut off from its supplies of raw material and its markets, and subject to heavy war taxes, fines, and requisitions. As Germany began increasingly to feel the effects of the Allied blockade, the temptation grew to exploit to the hilt all Belgian resources, including labor. With eloquence and passion, the eminent medievalist Henri Pirenne (1862-1935) describes the hunger, the deprivations, the unemployment, the arbitrary arrests and deportations, the indignities of home invasions and confiscations, the censorship, the conscription of workers, the dismantling and destruction of Belgian factories, and the administrative division of the country. Belgium and the First World War comprehensively surveys the catastrophe and chronicles the stoicism and the resiliency with which Belgians responded.