Bücher von Irfan Ali

Os elementos vestigiais, como o nome indica, são aqueles que precisamos de ingerir apenas em pequenas quantidades - tipicamente na gama de microgramas a miligramas por dia - a fim de manter níveis conducentes a uma boa saúde. A maioria das provas da essencialidade de muitos dos elementos vestigiais é circunstancial, ou seja, baseia-se em observações de sintomas de deficiência (de deficiências acidentais ou induzidas) e na resposta desses sintomas à suplementação dietética com os elementos em questão, e não em provas directas dos papéis bioquímicos desempenhados pelos elementos.

Los oligoelementos, como su nombre indica, son aquellos que sólo necesitamos ingerir en cantidades mínimas -normalmente del orden de microgramos a miligramos al día- para mantener unos niveles propicios para una buena salud. La mayoría de las pruebas de la esencialidad de muchos de los oligoelementos son circunstanciales, es decir, se basan en observaciones de síntomas de carencia (por deficiencias accidentales o inducidas) y en la respuesta de esos síntomas a la suplementación dietética con los elementos en cuestión, más que en pruebas directas de las funciones bioquímicas que desempeñan los elementos.

Les oligo-éléments, comme leur nom l'indique, sont ceux que nous ne devons ingérer qu'en très petites quantités - généralement de l'ordre de quelques microgrammes à quelques milligrammes par jour - afin de maintenir des niveaux favorables à la santé. La plupart des preuves du caractère essentiel de nombreux oligo-éléments sont circonstancielles, c'est-à-dire qu'elles reposent sur l'observation des symptômes de carence (due à des carences accidentelles ou induites) et sur la réponse de ces symptômes à une supplémentation alimentaire avec les éléments en question, plutôt que sur des preuves directes des rôles biochimiques joués par les éléments.

Mikroälementy, kak sleduet iz nazwaniq, äto te älementy, kotorye nam neobhodimo potreblqt' w nichtozhno malyh kolichestwah - obychno w diapazone ot mikrogrammow do milligrammow w den' - dlq podderzhaniq urownq, sposobstwuüschego horoshemu zdorow'ü. Bol'shinstwo dokazatel'stw wazhnosti mnogih mikroälementow qwlqütsq koswennymi, t.e. oni osnowany na nablüdeniqh simptomow deficita (sluchajnogo ili wyzwannogo) i reakcii ätih simptomow na dieticheskie dobawki s sootwetstwuüschimi älementami, a ne na prqmyh dokazatel'stwah biohimicheskih rolej, kotorye igraüt äti älementy.

Gli oligoelementi, come suggerisce il nome, sono quelli che dobbiamo ingerire solo in quantità minime - in genere nell'ordine dei microgrammi e dei milligrammi al giorno - per mantenere livelli favorevoli a una buona salute. La maggior parte delle prove dell'essenzialità di molti oligoelementi è circostanziale, cioè si basa sull'osservazione di sintomi di carenza (dovuti a carenze accidentali o indotte) e sulla risposta di tali sintomi all'integrazione alimentare con gli elementi in questione, piuttosto che su prove dirette dei ruoli biochimici svolti dagli elementi.

Wie der Name schon sagt, handelt es sich bei den Spurenelementen um solche, die wir nur in winzigen Mengen - in der Regel im Bereich von Mikrogramm bis Milligramm pro Tag - zu uns nehmen müssen, um einen für die Gesundheit förderlichen Spiegel zu halten. Die meisten Beweise für die Unentbehrlichkeit vieler Spurenelemente sind Indizien, d. h. sie beruhen auf der Beobachtung von Mangelerscheinungen (entweder durch zufällige oder induzierte Mangelerscheinungen) und der Reaktion dieser Symptome auf eine Nahrungsergänzung mit den betreffenden Elementen, und nicht auf direkten Beweisen für die biochemischen Funktionen der Elemente.

Early diagnosis of the caries lesion is important because the carious process can be modified by preventive treatment so that the lesion does not progress. If the caries can be diagnosed at an initial stage (e.g., white spot lesion) the balance can be tipped in favor of arrestment of the process by modifying diet, improving plaque control, and appropriate use of fluoride. Early detection and prompt treatment is the tenet of secondary prevention and it should be done whenever primary prevention is not totally effective Using non-invasive quantitative diagnostic methods, it should be possible to detect lesions at an initial stage and subsequently monitor lesion changes over time during which preventive measures could be introduced.For this reason, the search is on for more specific and sensitive tools, using new technologies, to help the practitioner diagnose initial canes lesions as precisely as possible.

Fluorine is an element, the 9th in the periodic table. Fluoride is a naturally occurring compound that can help prevent dental decay. The fluoride ion comes from the element fluorine .Fluorine is an abundant element in the earth¿s crust in the form of the fluoride ion. Systemic fluoride is ingested through water, salt, sugar and milk supplies or tablets, dietary or food supplementation Water fluoridation is defined as controlled upward adjustment of the concentration of fluoride in the community water supply so as to achieve maximum caries reduction at 1ppm of fluoride and clinically insignificance level of fluorosis. Salt fluoridation is the controlled addition of fluoride, usually sodium and potassium fluoride, during the manufacture of salt for human consumption. Fluoridation of salt is a best alternative method to community water fluoridation for prevention of dental caries in a mass scale.Milk fluoridation is the addition of a measured quantity of fluoride to bottled or packaged milk to be drunk by children. Milk is an essential compound of the human diet throughout the life, both as a source of micro-nutrients and macro-nutrients.

This book addresses the different problems, practices, challenges and opportunities in sustainable resource management with the help of decision-making techniques to showcase the relevance of computational modelling approaches in sustainable management and Industry 4.0. It aims to address the inherent complexity of managing ecosystems, particularly with respect to involvement of multi-stakeholders, lack of information and uncertainties. Critical analyses are made to point out the need for, and propose a call to, a new way of thinking about sustainable resource management. This book will be useful for academicians, researchers, and industrialists in the field of industrial and production engineering.

Doppler Applications in LEO Satellite Communication Systems develops and presents an important class of techniques useful in the construction of little Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems. Doppler Applications in LEO Satellite Communication Systems provides a thorough review of the LEO Doppler phenomenon.

Doppler Applications in LEO Satellite Communication Systems develops and presents an important class of techniques useful in the construction of little Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems. Doppler Applications in LEO Satellite Communication Systems provides a thorough review of the LEO Doppler phenomenon.