Bücher von John Tyler Bonner

How is it that an egg turns into an elaborate adult? How is it that a bacterium, given many millions of years, could have evolved into an elephant? The author argues that we can understand this progression in terms of natural selection, but that in order to do so we must consider the role of development in evolutionary change.

John Tyler Bonner, a major participant in the development of biology as an experimental science, is the author not only of important monographs but also of a wonderfully readable book, Life Cycles, which is both a personal memoir and a profound commentary on the central themes of biology. This volume of essays presents new material that extends the concepts from Life Cycles and his other writings. Its originality lies in comparing key basic biological processes at different levels, from molecular interactions through multicellular development to behavior and social interactions. The first chapter in the book discusses self-organization and natural selection; the second, competition and natural selection; and the third, gene accumulation and gene silencing. The fourth chapter examines the division of labor in organisms at all levels: within the organelles of a cell, within groups of cells in the guise of differentiation, within groups of individuals in an animal society, and within our culturally determined human societies. The work closes with a charming personal history of sixty years of changes in the field of biology, including the transformation in the ways that research work is funded.Originally published in 1996.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Ich bin mir des vernichtenden Kommentars bewut, der hinter den Ku- lissen getuschelt wird - namlich, da ich wie ein Professor klinge -, aber nach all den professoralen Jahren ist es mir fast unmoglich, die Hauptbe- schaftigung meines Lebens zu verbergen. Seit uber vierzig Jahren habe ich den Kursus "e;allgemeine Biologie"e; fur Anfanger und Fortgeschrittene Eines Tages besuchte mich eine an der Universitat Princeton gelehrt. Soziologiestudentin und bat mich um ein Interview im Rahmen ihrer Diplomarbeit. Es stellte sich heraus, da sie Lehren mit Schauspielen vergleichen wollte. Da hatte ich mehr Fragen an sie als sie an mich. Sie machte die interessante Bemerkung, da beide, Lehrer wie Schauspieler, um ihre Wirkung auf das Publikum besorgt sind. Trotzdem haben sie ein unterschiedliches Problem; der Schauspieler gibt jedesmal die gleiche Vorstellung vor wechselnden Zuschauern, wahrend der Lehrer Tag ein, Tag aus vor den selben Zuhorern etwas Verschiedenes bringen mu (und hoffentlich Spannendes). Manchmal hinterlassen die unmoglichsten Dinge den groten Eindruck im Kopf der Zuhorer. Ich machte diese Er- fahrung, als ich die allererste Vorlesung in Princeton vor Erstsemester- studenten (damals gab es keine Studentinnen) hielt. In der Mitte der Vorlesung sturzte ich vom Podium und setzte mich unsanft auf den Bo- den. Es gab groen Beifall, offenbar der Hohepunkt der Lektion.

Noted biologist and author John Tyler Bonner has experimented with cellular slime molds for more than sixty years, and he has done more than anyone else to raise these peculiar collections of amoebae from a minor biological curiosity to a major model organism--one that is widely studied for clues to the development and evolution of all living things. Now, five decades after he published his first pioneering book on cellular slime molds, Bonner steps back from the proliferating and increasingly specialized knowledge about the organism to provide a broad, nontechnical picture of its whole biology, including its evolution, sociobiology, ecology, behavior, and development. The Social Amoebae draws the big lessons from decades of research, and shows how slime molds fit into and illuminate biology as a whole. Slime molds are very different from other organisms; they feed as individual amoebae before coming together to form a multicellular organism that has a remarkable ability to move and orient itself in its environment. Furthermore, these social amoebae display a sophisticated division of labor; within each organism, some cells form the stalk and others become the spores that will seed the next generation. In The Social Amoebae, Bonner examines all these parts together, giving a balanced, concise, and clear overview of slime mold biology, from molecules to cells to multicells, as he advances some unconventional and unexpected insights.

The enormous recent success of molecular developmental biology has yielded a vast amount of new information on the details of development. So much so that we risk losing sight of the underlying principles that apply to all development. To cut through this thicket, John Tyler Bonner ponders a moment in evolution when development was at its most basic--the moment when signaling between cells began. Although multicellularity arose numerous times, most of those events happened many millions of years ago. Many of the details of development that we see today, even in simple organisms, accrued over a long evolutionary timeline, and the initial events are obscured. The relatively uncomplicated and easy-to-grow cellular slime molds offer a unique opportunity to analyze development at a primitive stage and perhaps gain insight into how early multicellular development might have started. Through slime molds, Bonner seeks a picture of the first elements of communication between cells. He asks what we have learned by looking at their developmental biology, including recent advances in our molecular understanding of the process. He then asks what is the most elementary way that polarity and pattern formation can be achieved. To find the answer, he uses models, including mathematical ones, to generate insights into how cell-to-cell cooperation might have originated. Students and scholars in the blossoming field of the evolution of development, as well as evolutionary biologists generally, will be interested in what Bonner has to say about the origins of multicellular development--and thus of the astounding biological complexity we now observe--and how best to study it.

More than fifty illustrations highlight a provocative study tracing the origins of culture as man now knows it back to the early biological evolution of animals.