Bücher von Kemal Yildirim

La population du Myanmar est connue pour être incroyablement diverse, avec des centaines de nationalités ethniques aux religions, langues et histoires distinctes résidant dans le pays. L'ethnicité et la religion sont des marqueurs d'identité centraux au Myanmar. Cependant, ces marqueurs identitaires ont été politisés tout au long de l'histoire contemporaine du Myanmar, en particulier pendant la période coloniale britannique, le début de la période d'indépendance et les décennies sous le régime militaire.En ce qui concerne le rôle de la crise dans l'État de Rakhine, les divisions sociales entre les bouddhistes de l'ethnie Rakhine et les Rohingyas musulmans sont présentes dans la région depuis des décennies, exacerbées par les discours haineux et la rhétorique anti-Rohingya des partisans de la ligne dure qui ont des membres influents de la confrérie bouddhiste. En 2016 et 2017, des attaques contre des avant-postes de police par l'Armée du salut des Rohingyas de l'Arakan, nouvellement formée, ont provoqué des répressions de grande ampleur de la part de la Tatmadaw contre les communautés rohingyas dans le nord de l'État de Rakhine. La nature disproportionnée de ces répressions a entraîné l'exode de plus de 700 000 réfugiés qui ont fui vers le Bangladesh voisin, créant une crise humanitaire et des droits humains massive.

A população de Myanmar é conhecida pela sua incrível diversidade, com centenas de nacionalidades étnicas com religiões, línguas e histórias distintas a residir no país. A etnicidade e a religião são marcadores centrais de identidade em Mianmar. Contudo, estes marcadores de identidade têm sido politizados ao longo da história contemporânea de Mianmar, particularmente durante o período colonial britânico, o período inicial da independência, e as décadas sob domínio militar. No que diz respeito ao papel da crise no estado de Rakhine, as divisões sociais entre budistas de etnia Rakhine e os muçulmanos Rohingyas estão presentes na região há décadas, exacerbadas pelo discurso do ódio e pela retórica anti-Rohingya por parte dos adeptos da linha dura que têm membros influentes da monarquia budista. Em 2016 e 2017, os ataques aos postos avançados da polícia pelo recém-formado Exército de Salvação Arakan Rohingya provocaram a repressão em grande escala das comunidades Rohingya no estado de Rakhine, no norte do estado de Tatmadaw. A natureza desproporcionada da repressão provocou o êxodo de mais de 700 000 refugiados que fugiram para o vizinho Bangladesh, criando uma enorme crise de direitos humanos e humanitária.

La población de Myanmar es conocida por su increíble diversidad, con cientos de nacionalidades étnicas con distintas religiones, lenguas e historias que residen en el país. La etnia y la religión son marcadores de identidad fundamentales en Myanmar. Sin embargo, estos marcadores de identidad se han politizado a lo largo de la historia contemporánea de Myanmar, en particular durante el período colonial británico, el primer período de independencia y las décadas bajo el gobierno militar.En cuanto al papel de la crisis en el estado de Rakhine, las divisiones sociales entre los budistas étnicos de Rakhine y los rohingyas musulmanes han estado presentes en la zona durante décadas, exacerbadas por el discurso de odio y la retórica anti-Rohingya de los partidarios de la línea dura que tienen miembros influyentes del monacato budista. En 2016 y 2017, los ataques a puestos policiales por parte del recién formado Ejército de Salvación Rohingya de Arakan provocaron medidas represivas a gran escala por parte del Tatmadaw contra las comunidades rohingya en el norte del estado de Rakhine. El carácter desproporcionado de las medidas represivas provocó el éxodo de más de 700.000 refugiados que huyeron a la vecina Bangladesh, creando una enorme crisis humanitaria y de derechos humanos.

La popolazione del Myanmar è nota per la sua incredibile varietà, con centinaia di nazionalità etniche con religioni, lingue e storie diverse che risiedono nel Paese. L'etnicità e la religione sono marcatori d'identità centrali in Myanmar. Per quanto riguarda il ruolo della crisi nello Stato di Rakhine, le divisioni sociali tra i buddisti di etnia Rakhine e i rohingya musulmani sono presenti nell'area da decenni, esacerbate da discorsi di odio e retorica anti-rohingya da parte degli integralisti che hanno influenti membri del monachesimo buddista. Nel 2016 e nel 2017, gli attacchi agli avamposti della polizia da parte del neonato Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army hanno provocato una repressione su larga scala da parte del Tatmadaw contro le comunità rohingya nel nord dello Stato di Rakhine. La natura sproporzionata delle repressioni ha portato all'esodo di oltre 700.000 rifugiati che sono fuggiti nel vicino Bangladesh, creando un'enorme crisi umanitaria e dei diritti umani.

Anunnakis comes to mind, when you think of ancient civilizations. You might think of the Romans. Maybe Maya pops into your head. Perhaps you think of the Aboriginal people of Australia. Today¿s Wonder of the Day is another great ancient civilization - the Sumerians. Situated in Mesopotamia, ancient Sumer was a collection of city-states. The Sumerians had advanced militaries, mathematics, and writing. And many of their writings tell modern people about Sumerian culture.The Sumerian civilization existed from 4100 B.C.E. until around 1750 B.C.E. The name ¿Sumer¿ meant ¿land of the civilized kings.¿ The Sumerians were one of the first groups to divide time into hours and minutes. They also had a complex religion that involved gods called the Anunnaki.The Anunnaki were believed to be in charge of Sumerians¿ fates. Many myths involved members of the Anunnaki passing judgment on humans. Additionally, the gods were described as children of the Earth and sky. Most people chalk these stories up to mythology, the same way they do the Greek gods. However, others wonder whether there¿s more to the story.

It is a commonly accepted view in mainstream archaeology that civilization started in Iraq, in ancient Mesopotamia with the great civilization of Sumeria. However, there is an archaeological discovery at the Al Ubaid archaeological site, where many pre-Sumerian 7,000-year-old artifacts were found, depicting humanoid figures with lizard characteristics. The Ubaidian culture is a prehistoric culture in Mesopotamia that dates between 4000 and 5500 BC. As with the Sumerians, the origins of the Ubaidian people are unknown. They lived in large village settlements in mud-brick houses and they had developed architecture, agriculture and farmed the land using irrigation. The domestic architecture included large T-shaped houses; open courtyards, paved streets, as well as food processing equipment. Some of these villages began to develop into towns; temples began to appear, as well as monumental buildings such as in Eridu, Ur and Uruk, the major sites of the Sumerian Civilization. According to the Sumerian texts, Ur was believed to be the first city. The main site where the unusual artifacts were discovered is called Tell Al ¿Ubaid ¿ although figurines were also found in Ur and Eridu.

Myanmar¿s population is known to be incredibly diverse, with hundreds of ethnic nationalities with distinct religions, languages and histories residing in the country. Ethnicity and religion are central identity markers in Myanmar. However, these identity markers have been politicized throughout Myanmar¿s contemporary history, particularly during the British colonial period, the early independence period, and the decades under military rule. In regard to the role of the crisis in Rakhine state, social divisions between ethnic Rakhine Buddhists and Muslim Rohingyas have been present in the area for decades, exacerbated by hate speech and anti-Rohingya rhetoric by hardliners that have influential members of the Buddhist monkhood. In 2016 and 2017, attacks on police outposts by the newly formed Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army prompted large scale crackdowns by the Tatmadaw on Rohingya communities in northern Rakhine state. The disproportionate nature of the crackdowns led to the exodus of over 700 000 refugees that fled to neighbouring Bangladesh, creating a massive human rights and humanitarian crisis.

Sunni Islam and Shia Islam are the two major denominations of Islam. Their division traces back to a Sunni¿Shia schism following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the year 632. A dispute over succession to Muhammad as a caliph of the Islamic community spread across various parts of the world, which led to the Battle of Jamal and Battle of Siffin. The dispute intensified greatly after the Battle of Karbala, in which Hussein ibn Ali and his household were killed by the ruling Umayyad Caliph Yazid I, and the outcry for revenge divided the early Islamic community.In recent years, Sunni¿Shia relations have been increasingly marked by conflict, particularly the Iran¿Saudi Arabia proxy conflict. Sectarian violence persists to this day from Pakistan to Yemen and is a major element of friction throughout the Middle East. Tensions between communities have intensified during power struggles, such as the Bahraini uprising, the Iraq War, and most recently the Syrian Civil War and in the formation of the self-styled Islamic State of Iraq and Syria that has launched a genocide against Shias.

The Amorites were a Semitic people who seem to have emerged from western Mesopotamia (modern day Syria) at some point prior to the 3rd millennium BCE. In Sumerian they were known as the Martu or the Tidnum (in the Ur III Period), in Akkadian by the name of Amurru, and in Egypt as Amar, all of which mean 'westerners' or 'those of the west', as does the Hebrew name Amorite. They worshipped their own pantheon of gods with a chief deity named Amurru (also known as Belu Sadi - 'Lord of the Mountains¿ whose wife, Belit-Seri was 'Lady of the Desert¿), which also became a designation for the people as the Akkadians also referred to them as 'the people of Amurrü and to the region of Syria as 'Amurrü. There is no record of what the Amorites called themselves. The god Amurrüs association with the mountains and his wife's with the desert suggests that they may have originated in the area of Syria around Mount Hermon but this is unsubstantiated. Their origins are unknown and their precise history, until they settle in cities like Mari, Ebla, and Babylon, is equally mysterious.

The word Taliban is Pashto, ¿¿¿¿¿¿ (t¿älibän), meaning 'students', the plural of t¿älib. This is a loanword from Arabic ¿¿¿¿ (t¿älib), using the Pashto plural ending -än ¿¿. In Arabic ¿¿¿¿¿¿ (t¿älibän) means not 'students', but rather 'two students', as it is a dual form, the Arabic plural being ¿ ¿ (t¿ulläb) ¿occasionally causing some confusion to Arabic speakers. Since becoming a loanword in English, Taliban, besides a plural noun referring to the group, has also been used as a singular noun referring to an individual. For example, John Walker Lindh has been referred to as "an American Taliban", rather than "an American Talib". The spelling Taliban has come to be predominant over Taleban in English. 1. In American English, a "the" prefix is used thereby referring to the group "The Taliban" rather than just "Taliban". Meanwhile, in English language media in Pakistan, there is often no prefix used. 2. Both Pakistani and Indian English-language media also tend to name the group "Afghan Taliban". 3. Additionally, in Pakistan, the word Talibans is often used when referring to more than one Taliban member. This book covers new trends about the rise of Taliban to power.

The ancient city of Jerusalem is known worldwide both in history and our modern times as central issue to the religion and the nationalism of Israeli Jews and Palestinian Arabs, both Muslim and Christian, alike in which it makes it the most emotional and volatile of all the issues in dispute between the two parties. The heart of the dispute over Jerusalem is known widely as the Old City. It is there we find the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the Western Wall and the Temple Mount/Haram al Sharif Beyond the religious significance, the city of Jerusalem is also seen as the national capital of both Jews and Palestinian Arabs. It was the central city in the Kingdom of Judah, and thus the only identifiable capital Jews have had in their history¿ The international community does not technically recognize either Israeli or Palestinian sovereignty over any part of Jerusalem. The 1947 United Nations plan to partition Palestine stipulated that Jerusalem would be under international jurisdiction, providing for the protection of the people and sites in the contested city. None of the events since then have been recognized by the international community as changing that status.

Caldea, Assyrians call as Kaldu, (Chaldoyé) Babylonian call chaldeans as Kasdu, and in Hebrew it is called as Kasddim, where their land is located in southern Babylonia (so called the territory in today¿s modern southern Iraq) Chaldea and chaldeans are frequently mentioned in the Old Testament as well. Frankly speaking, the name should be applied to the land bordering the head of the Persian Gulf between the Arabian desert and the Euphrates delta. The Chaldeans and Assyrians of the old were both ethnically, culturally, and linguistically look the same people divided along political and religious allegiances where those tribes lived together under the last Mesopotamian national regime, that of the Chaldeans. Chaldean Empire was their final name under one nation which is the last national self-rule by the people of Mesopotamia. It represents the last and most illustrious glory of ancient Mesopotamia with international repercussion through the agesBabylon became the final capital of Mesopotamia With the Chaldean rule in terms of its political structure and its administration , both religiously and with some linguistic features because they also speak Neo-Aramaic land.

Disaster risk reduction is the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyse and reduce the causal factors of disasters. Reducing exposure to hazards, lessening vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improving preparedness and early warning for adverse events are all examples of disaster risk reduction.However, Climate is usually defined as the "average weather" in a place. It includes patterns of temperature, precipitation (rain or snow), humidity, wind and seasons. Climate patterns play a fundamental role in shaping natural ecosystems, and the human economies and cultures that depend on them. But the climate we¿ve come to expect is not what it used to be, because the past is no longer a reliable predictor of the future. Our climate is rapidly changing with disruptive impacts, and that change is progressing faster than any seen in the last 2,000 years.This book examines the approaches towards disaster risk and Climate change management in Middle East region.

This book explores how memory intersects with and shapes religious traditions and cultural identities of ancient civilizations in respect of their religious beliefs and cultural identities. . ¿t discusses how the memory layers that make up ancient history (social, religious, cultural) are represented and refracted in different contexts of the written and material remains of antiquity. Part ¿ Part I looks at religious pasts and the religious present in description and philiosophy of religion contexts, as well as the visual expression of specific identities, formed and forged over long periods of time. Part ¿¿ Part II is about defining religious identity and focuses on the apparently homogenous cultures that engage in a dialogue with their own past. case studies show how selective commemoration and inventing the past shape particular religious identities., and ancient religious lives of anc¿ent peoples. PART III Part III is about the forgotten ancient religions