Bücher von Leonard Kabongo

Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2015 in the subject Health - Miscellaneous, grade: B, University of Manchester (HCRI), course: Global Health, language: English, abstract: At a local Hospital, an increased number of people admitted and treated for Respiratory Disease have been observed and most of them work at a local Factory. There is a concern that the dust generated by the machinery at the Company would be the contributing factor.A Case Control Study will be conducted on the Incidence of respiratory disease to prove or disapprove the association between the incident cases of respiratory disease and the exposure to the dust generated by the factory.The Research Protocol is adapted from the World Health Organization proposed study protocol format (WHO, 2014).The protocol will state the problem and the hypothesis generated to be tested, the aim and objectives to be achieved and the current knowledge on the topic in a literature review.A thorough explanation on the choice of the study design, methodology and sampling will be preceded by the study outcome and its measurement methods.Data collection and analysis using statistical methods with the potential sources of bias are elaborated. A discussion highlighting the pros and cons of this study as well as the study limitations are explained.A conclusive summary and Ethic statements followed by a list of References will shape the end of this study.

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2010 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: B, ( Atlantic International University ) (School of Human and Social studies), course: Fundementals of Epidemiology, language: English, abstract: Malaria is an endemic disease in Zambia and it¿s a major public health problem in Africa, especially in the Tropics and developing countries. Malaria continues to place an unacceptable burden on health and economic development in over 100 countries across the world, with malaria mortality exceeding one million annually, primarily in children under five(3).Efforts have been put in place over the years to reduce the high incidence and mortality rate due to Malaria. From pharmaceutical options reviews to environmental actions, governments and their stakeholders through the Ministries of Health in various countries affected by the endemic, have worked to initiate policies for a massive and effective disease control.According to WHO, about 109 countries in the world are considered endemic for malaria,45 countries within the African continent.3,3 billion people were estimated to be at risk of malaria in 2006.Of this total,2,1 billion were at low risk(

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2011 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: A, ( Atlantic International University ) (School of Human and social studies), course: Clinical epidemiology, language: English, abstract: Definitions:focus on the advantages and disadvantage of drugs, hence their effects. This let Kenneth Rothman, 2002 to say: ¿¿outcomes research marries epidemiologic methods with clinical decision theory to determine which therapeutic approaches are the most cost-effective¿¿. [10] This approach has lead to the concept of evidence ¿based medicine where sufficient proof are available to support a medical theory in disease management and promotion of various guidelines useful in clinical setting.Nonetheless, more medical and non medical conditions are still undiagnosed, under- diagnosed or wrongly diagnosed. As a consequence, extra, less cost-effective and unnecessary treatments are being prescribed. In this scenario, would the key to evidence- based medicine lie on diagnosis processes which are opaque to quantification and analysis, or on the deep-rooted knowledge of disease natural history, its transmission chain and physiopathology, or on the accuracy of diagnostic tests which have different level of interpretations according to their sensitivity or specificity? Or on prevention inputs to control the disease outcomes?In Zambia, roughly 80,000 infants are born annually from HIV infected mothers and are at risk of contracting the disease. An average of 20,000 are born with HIV each year (40%).The rate of vertical transmission varies from 15-25% in non-breastfeeding infants and double in breastfeeding ones. (Ministry of Health,National Protocol Guidelines, 2010). [14] For this research paper focused on PMTCT, we selected data for 3 years study from 2008 to 2010.This was a retrospective cohort study. The data included all pregnant women who attended ANC, those who were counselled and tested for HIV and those who delivered at the facility. Our indicators for the PMTCT interventions were pregnant women on HIV treatment (short course or full HAART), the number of HIV exposed babies who tested positive by DNAPCR and HIV antibody testing, the still births and those initiated on HIV prophylaxis. Patients¿ registers from Maternity, ANC, paediatric ward, laboratory, and ART clinic and hospital annual report were used.