Bücher von Manish Biyani

The Nobel Prize in Medicine 1968 for interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis and in Chemistry 2009 for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome highlighted the ground-breaking experiment performed on May 15, 1961 by Nirenberg and Matthaei and their principal breakthrough on the creation of "cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) system". Since then the continuous technical advances have revitalized CFPS system as a simple and powerful technology platform for industrial and high-throughput protein production. CFPS yields exceed grams protein per liter reaction volume and offer several advantages including the ability to easily manipulate the reaction components and conditions to favor protein synthesis, decreased sensitivity to product toxicity, batch reactions last for multiple hours, costs have been reduced orders of magnitude, and suitability for miniaturization and high-throughput applications. With these advantages, there is continuous increasing interest in CFPS system among biotechnologists, molecular biologists and medical or pharmacologists.

Studies on the solution structure dynamics of RNA/DNA are becoming crucially important. The phenomena of SSCP (single-strand conformation polymorphism), microRNA dynamics in a cell, and others can be related to the conformational changes of single-stranded (ss) RNAs/DNAs in solution. These molecule, which no longer forms a helix, can adopt many different conformations in solution. What are typical conformations of these molecules and what factors govern their conformational space? To answer these important biological questions we need to explore the three broad areas: 1) How does the shape of DNA and its surroundings mutually influence each other? Can we determine their existing relationship? 2) How is the DNA sequence related to its structure? Can we determine the structurally important residues based on the DNA sequence? 3) How is the DNA sequence related to its function? Can we determine the functionally important residues based on the DNA sequence? These and similar questions which require the knowledge of accurate molecular conformations have been studied in this book in an understandable fashion and in order to gain insight into the structure dynamics of DNA in solution.