Bücher von Martin Carrier

Wissenschaftliches Wissen ist besonders streng geprüftes Wissen, das sich von der bloßen Meinung abheben soll. Dieser Anspruch beruht auf der methodischen Prüfung wissenschaftlicher Behauptungen an der Erfahrung. Wesentlicher Teil der Wissenschaftstheorie ist die Methodenlehre, die sich damit befasst, welche Verfahren der Prüfung in der Wissenschaft akzeptiert sind und in welchem Zusammenhang sie mit dem wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisanspruch stehen. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Einführung stehen daher die Verfahren der Geltungssicherung in der Wissenschaft in ihrem historischen Wandel. Wichtige Herausforderungen für die Methodenlehre ergeben sich u.a. daraus, dass Wissenschaft ihr Erkenntnisziel im Spannungsfeld von gesellschaftlichen Nutzenerwartungen und Wertvorgaben verfolgen muss.

This book analyzes the power variations between political executives in semi-presidential regimes. It contrasts institutional, partisan, and extra-institutional explanations and identifies patterns of change for the power distribution between presidents and prime ministers. It provides an empirical analysis of selected case studies and demonstrates the necessity to understand power variations in a configurative perspective, exposing the limits of institutional design explanations. This study ultimately aims to contribute to both the literature on semi-presidentialism and to the literature on democratic regimes by providing a systematic assessment of these different configurations, in both mature and emerging democracies. To explore this phenomenon, this research tests the key factors of power variation proposed in the semi-presidential literature on the power relationship between presidents and prime ministers mainly in France's Fifth Republic and post-1993 Ukraine, but also to a lesser extent in Finland, post-1993 Russia, and post-1990 Poland.

Applying models usually employed for the philosophical interpretation of theories in the natural sciences to psychological theories, this investigates the adequacy and implications of cognitive science, and the relation between the mental states assumed in scientific and in folk psychology.

Earlier in this century, many philosophers of science (for example, Rudolf Carnap) drew a fairly sharp distinction between theory and observation, between theoretical terms like 'mass' and 'electron', and observation terms like 'measures three meters in length' and 'is _2 Degrees Celsius'.

Earlier in this century, many philosophers of science (for example, Rudolf Carnap) drew a fairly sharp distinction between theory and observation, between theoretical terms like 'mass' and 'electron', and observation terms like 'measures three meters in length' and 'is _2 Degrees Celsius'.