Bücher von Minoo Alemi

This study focused on five particular communication strategies namely: 1- Paraphrase 2- Approximation 3- Hesitation 4- Words which are borrowed, invented, or anglicized, and 5- Reduction Strategies in order to promote fluency and improve communicative ability in English among intermediate level students. The study used a series of videoed and transcribed task observations based on ¿Spot the Differences¿ information-gap activities. The views and beliefs of 6 teachers and 6 Pre-Sessional students all from University of Essex were also sampled using structured, in-depth interviews. The teacher interviews revealed that the more experienced teachers focused attention on fluency and helping student to ¿keep going¿, while less experienced tutors focused attention on both fluency and vocabulary learning in communication tasks. The student interviews findings also indicated that students' beliefs are affected by tutor beliefs. Data from the videoed observations revealed that body language was an important element in communicating meaning.

The interaction between the text and the reader is enhanced by using a technique called reading-logs that are some diary-like forms must be filled out by learners while reading the story. Using reading-logs can be a very efficient way of dealing with students' interactions with the text and is in fact the practical application of the reader-response theory. Reading -logs technique has a myriad of advantages as follows: 1- It creats an axiety -free environment for the learners where they can openly discuss their ideas about different topics. 2- Shy students join others pretty well,so this technique encourages all learners to take part in class discussions. 3- It refreshes students' minds and gives them the chance to remember things they thought they had forgotten. 4- The situation in class gives the learners a chance to make their friendly ties stronger and makes a more cordial atmosphere.