Bücher von Muhammad Bilal

O principal objectivo do estudo consistia em realizar um inquérito aos investidores das diferentes bolsas de valores da Ásia e tentar desenvolver a ideia de como e porquê os investidores utilizam as informações ESG. As informações ESG são informações "ambientais, sociais e de governação", ou seja, informações não financeiras comunicadas nos relatórios financeiros de acordo com normas contabilísticas sustentáveisMetodologia O estudo utilizou uma metodologia de inquérito para incorporar as conclusões de diferentes investidores. O estudo adoptou um questionário do estudo de Zadeh & Serafeim (2018). Um total de 60 inquiridos participou no estudo. Conclusões:A conclusão do estudo é que o investidor está a ver cada vez mais o papel central da informação não financeira nos relatórios financeiros. Consideram também a informação não financeira como um factor-chave para a decisão de investimento, devido à regulamentação que obriga ao cumprimento da informação ESG, que os pode ajudar a evitar o risco. No entanto, a maioria dos investidores da Ásia considera que as informações ESG comunicadas são inconsistentes, não estão disponíveis e não são verificadas.

Lo scopo principale dello studio è stato quello di condurre un sondaggio tra gli investitori dei diversi mercati azionari dell'Asia e cercare di sviluppare l'idea di come e perché gli investitori utilizzano le informazioni ESG. Le informazioni ESG sono informazioni ambientali, sociali e di governance, ovvero informazioni non finanziarie riportate nelle relazioni finanziarie secondo i principi contabili sostenibili.Metodologia Lo studio ha utilizzato una metodologia di indagine per incorporare i risultati dei diversi investitori. Lo studio ha adottato un questionario tratto dallo studio di Zadeh & Serafeim (2018). Un totale di 60 intervistati ha partecipato allo studio. Risultati:Il risultato dello studio è che gli investitori vedono sempre più il ruolo centrale delle informazioni non finanziarie nelle relazioni finanziarie. Essi considerano inoltre le informazioni non finanziarie come un fattore chiave per la decisione di investimento, a causa delle normative che impongono di rispettare le informazioni ESG, che possono aiutarli a evitare i rischi. Tuttavia, la maggior parte degli investitori asiatici ritiene che le informazioni ESG riportate siano incoerenti, non disponibili e non verificate.

El objetivo principal del estudio era realizar una encuesta entre los inversores de los distintos mercados bursátiles de Asia y tratar de desarrollar la idea de cómo y por qué los inversores utilizan la información ASG. ESG es la información "ambiental, "social" y "gobernanza" es la información no financiera reportada en los informes financieros de acuerdo con las normas de contabilidad sostenible.Metodología El estudio utilizó una metodología de encuesta para incorporar las conclusiones de diferentes inversores. El estudio adoptó un cuestionario del estudio de Zadeh & Serafeim (2018). Un total de 60 encuestados participaron en el estudio. Hallazgos:El hallazgo del estudio es que el inversor está viendo cada vez más el papel fundamental de la información no financiera en los informes financieros. También consideran la información no financiera como un factor clave para la decisión de inversión debido a las regulaciones para cumplir con la información ESG que puede ayudarles a evitar el riesgo. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los inversores de Asia creen que la información ASG comunicada es incoherente, no está disponible y no se verifica.

Der Hauptzweck der Studie bestand darin, eine Umfrage unter Anlegern an verschiedenen asiatischen Aktienmärkten durchzuführen und herauszufinden, wie und warum Anleger ESG-Informationen nutzen. ESG-Informationen sind "Umwelt-, Sozial- und Governance-Informationen", d.h. nicht-finanzielle Informationen, die in den Finanzberichten gemäß den Standards der nachhaltigen Rechnungslegung ausgewiesen werden.Methodik In der Studie wurde eine Umfragemethode verwendet, um die Erkenntnisse der verschiedenen Investoren zu erfassen. Die Studie übernahm einen Fragebogen aus der Studie von Zadeh & Serafeim (2018). Insgesamt nahmen 60 Befragte an der Studie teil. Ergebnisse:Das Ergebnis der Studie ist, dass die Investoren zunehmend die zentrale Rolle der nicht-finanziellen Informationen in den Finanzberichten sehen. Sie betrachten die nicht-finanziellen Informationen auch als einen Schlüsselfaktor für die Investitionsentscheidung aufgrund der Vorschriften zur Einhaltung von ESG-Informationen, die ihnen helfen können, Risiken zu vermeiden. Die meisten asiatischen Anleger sind jedoch der Meinung, dass die gemeldeten ESG-Informationen inkonsistent, nicht verfügbar und nicht überprüft sind.

L'objectif principal de l'étude était de mener une enquête auprès des investisseurs des différents marchés boursiers d'Asie et d'essayer de développer l'idée que comment et pourquoi les investisseurs utilisent les informations ESG. Les informations ESG sont des informations environnementales, sociales et de gouvernance, c'est-à-dire des informations non financières présentées dans les rapports financiers conformément aux normes de comptabilité durable.Méthodologie L'étude a utilisé une méthodologie d'enquête pour intégrer les conclusions des différents investisseurs. Elle a adopté un questionnaire tiré de l'étude de Zadeh & Serafeim (2018). Au total, 60 répondants ont participé à l'étude. Résultats :Le résultat de l'étude est que l'investisseur voit de plus en plus le rôle central de l'information non-financière dans les rapports financiers. Ils considèrent également les informations non financières comme un facteur clé pour la décision d'investissement en raison des réglementations visant à se conformer aux informations ESG qui peuvent les aider à éviter les risques. Toutefois, la plupart des investisseurs asiatiques estiment que les informations ESG communiquées sont incohérentes, indisponibles et non vérifiées.

Osnownoj cel'ü issledowaniq bylo prowesti opros inwestorow s razlichnyh fondowyh rynkow Azii i popytat'sq razwit' ideü o tom, kak i pochemu inwestor ispol'zuet ESG informaciü. ESG - #äkologicheskaq, social'naq# i #prawitel'stwennaq# informaciq - äto nefinansowaq informaciq, otrazhaemaq w finansowyh otchetah w sootwetstwii so standartami ustojchiwogo buhgalterskogo ucheta.MetodologiqV issledowanii ispol'zowalas' metodologiq oprosa dlq ucheta mneniq razlichnyh inwestorow. V issledowanii byla ispol'zowana anketa iz issledowaniq Zadeh & Serafeim (2018). V issledowanii prinqli uchastie w obschej slozhnosti 60 respondentow.Vywody:Rezul'taty issledowaniq zaklüchaütsq w tom, chto inwestory wse bol'she widqt klüchewuü rol' nefinansowoj informacii w finansowyh otchetah. Oni takzhe rassmatriwaüt nefinansowuü informaciü kak klüchewoj faktor dlq prinqtiq inwesticionnogo resheniq iz-za trebowanij po soblüdeniü ESG-informacii, kotoraq mozhet pomoch' im izbezhat' riska. Odnako bol'shinstwo inwestorow iz Azii schitaüt, chto informaciq ESG neposledowatel'na, nedostupna i ne prowerena.

The main purpose of the study was to conduct a survey of the investor from the different stock markets of Asia and try to develop the idea that how and why investor uses ESG information. ESG is ¿environmental, ¿social¿ and ¿governess¿ information is nonfinancial information reported in the financial reports according to sustainable accounting standardsMethodology The study used a survey methodology for incorporating the finding of different investors. The study adopted a questionnaire from the study of Zadeh & Serafeim (2018). A total of 60 respondents participated in the study. Findings:The finding of the study is that investor is increasingly seeing the pivotal role of the non-financial information in the financial reports. They also consider the non-financial information as a key factor for the investment decision because of the regulations to comply with ESG information that can help them avoid the risk. However, most of the investors from Asia believe that the ESG information reported is inconsistent, unavailable, and not verified.

This book elaborates on the fabrication of organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials, their advantages, self-assembly and their applications in diverse fields of energy, biotechnology, biomedical and environment. The contents provide insight into tools, tricks and challenges associated with techniques of fabrication and future challenges and risks. This book also discusses the properties of modern hybrid nanomaterials and their performance, durability, reproducibility and sensitivity. It will be useful for students and researchers in the area of nanotechnology, science, engineering and environmental chemistry. This volume will also be useful for researchers and professionals working on nanohybrid materials.

The Nation`s economy is dependent on the success of mining operations. Mining is the basic industry that extracts minerals, or processes them largely. Because of recent energy crises, for example, the production of coal and its processing for power generation has been taken on a renewal importance. The impacts of mining operation are complex and need extreme care to be taken on long term basis. The safer mining enterprise provides higher productivity.Unless there is a common understanding of terms, there can be considerable confusion in transmitting information and knowledge. This can be particularly vexing in the understanding of safety literature in which such terms as ¿injury¿ and ¿accident¿ are often used interchangeably. Furthermore, definitions of accidents and hazards adopted for classification purposes may not be detailed enough to use as a basis for hazard control.

Northern Area of Pakistan consists of the mountainous region, which is rich in snow cover. The concentration of snow in this area is main hydrological resource for Pakistan. Accurate mapping of snow for this area is inevitable for the forecasting of snow-melt discharge for flood control, energy production and irrigation. MODIS snow-cover product (MOD10A1) is generated through an automated procedure which detects and masks clouds from snow surface using a global default algorithm. This distinction is challenging since snow and cloud have comparable reflectance and often comparable temperatures. The accuracy of snow map depends on the accuracy of the cloud mask, that entirely relies on thresholds which may be different in different regions. In this book, development of a regional based snow mapping algorithm is discussed for Northern Pakistan using MODIS data for the period of 2000 to 2008. The results are compared with the MODIS cloud mask in daily snow cover product (MOD10A1). The algorithm can be used for water resource management, as it improves the identification of snow by reducing the spectral overlaps between clouds and snow.