Bücher von Oscar Sheynin

Jest to opis mojego ¿ycia ukazany w szerokim kontek¿cie. Moja narracja jest popularna i przeplatana krótkimi opowiadaniami, a towarzyszy jej Bibliografia. Te opowiadania i wiele wstawionych szczegó¿ów, które s¿ mäo znane nawet moim rodakom, s¿ interesuj¿ce same w sobie i zapewniaj¿ pewien wgl¿d w ¿ycie mojego pokolenia. Wielu autorów rozwodzi¿o si¿ nad okropno¿ciami Gu¿agu; tutaj czytelnicy odnajd¿ o wiele mniej znany strach przed ¿yciem w Zwi¿zku Radzieckim na wolno¿ci w okresie stalinizmu. A ja szczególnie skupiam si¿ na ¿yciu mojego narodu.Do przet¿umaczenia tej ksi¿¿ki wykorzystano sztuczn¿ inteligencj¿.

Antoine Augustin Cournot (1801 ¿ 1877) was a mathematician, philosopher, economist and educator (Feller 1961; Etudes 1978). Here, I discuss his contribution of 1843 reprinted in 1984 (Paris, Libraire J. Vrin) as vol. 1 of his Oeuvres Complètes complete with an Introduction and Commentary by B. Bru. The Preface begins by an explanation: Cournot wished to make assessable his subject to those unacquainted with the higher chapters of mathematics. In § 123 he even repeated the formulation of the Pythagorean proposition (excluded in the translation) and in § 69 he says that he adduced a table (Kramp¿s table) of a certain function (of the exponential function of a negative square) but he did not provide its analytical expression.

This treatise is written on an elementary level; in more difficult cases the final formulas are provided without proof. Nevertheless, it was impossible to leave out integrals and I also had to differentiate an integral with respect to a parameter. I include many examples taken from the history of probability and hope that my subject has thus become lively. I especially quote Karl Pearson¿s (1978, p. 1) repentant confession: I do feel how wrongful it was to work for so many years at statistics and neglect its history. In spite of a few mistakes, his book deserves serious attention. Thus, in § 4.1.1 I criticize his opinion about Jakob Bernoulli. I have devoted much attention to the notion of probability which fully conforms to Langevin¿s statement (1913/1914, p. 3): Dans toutes ces questions [in the kinetic theory] la difficulté principale est, comme nous le verrons, de donner une définition correcte et claire de la probabilité. Note however that correct definition sounds strangely.