Bücher von Pramod Kumar

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A Indústria Farmacêutica Indiana está na linha da frente das indústrias indianas de base científica com amplas capacidades no complexo campo do fabrico e tecnologia de medicamentos. Está classificada muito alta no terceiro mundo, em termos de tecnologia, qualidade e gama de medicamentos fabricados. Dos comprimidos para a dor de cabeça aos antibióticos e compostos cardíacos complexos, quase todos os tipos de medicamentos são agora fabricados indigenamente. É agora o terceiro maior do mundo em termos de volume e ocupa a 14ª posição em termos de valor. A indústria farmacêutica da Índia compreende actualmente mais de 20.000 empresas licenciadas, empregando aproximadamente 500.000 pessoas. As 250 empresas farmacêuticas líderes controlam 70% do mercado. As necessidades comerciais de inúmeras empresas farmacêuticas ferozmente concorrentes levaram-nas a depender dos 3C testados e testados: convencer se possível, confundir se necessário, e corromper se nada mais funcionar. É fácil encontrar falhas nas políticas, e a falha pode residir no sistema regulador que não consegue acompanhar as inovações na indústria farmacêutica. No entanto, o governo falhou no seu dever de evitar uma promoção pouco ética que já resultou em miséria, doença, e morte.

L'industrie pharmaceutique indienne se situe au premier rang des industries scientifiques du pays et dispose de capacités étendues dans le domaine complexe de la fabrication et de la technologie des médicaments. Elle occupe un rang très élevé dans le tiers monde, en termes de technologie, de qualité et de gamme de médicaments fabriqués. Des pilules contre les maux de tête aux antibiotiques en passant par les composés cardiaques complexes, presque tous les types de médicaments sont désormais fabriqués dans le pays. L'industrie pharmaceutique indienne est aujourd'hui la troisième du monde en termes de volume et la quatorzième en termes de valeur. L'industrie pharmaceutique indienne compte actuellement plus de 20 000 sociétés sous licence employant environ 500 000 personnes. Les 250 premières sociétés pharmaceutiques contrôlent 70 % du marché. Les besoins commerciaux des innombrables sociétés pharmaceutiques, qui se livrent une concurrence féroce, les ont amenées à s'en remettre à la méthode éprouvée des 3C : convaincre si possible, confondre si nécessaire et corrompre si rien d'autre ne fonctionne. Il est facile de trouver des failles dans les politiques, et la faute en revient peut-être au système réglementaire qui n'a pas su suivre le rythme des innovations dans l'industrie pharmaceutique. Néanmoins, le gouvernement a failli à son devoir de prévenir la promotion non éthique qui a déjà entraîné la misère, la maladie et la mort.

L'industria farmaceutica indiana è al primo posto tra le industrie scientifiche indiane, con ampie capacità nel complesso campo della produzione e della tecnologia dei farmaci. Si colloca ai primi posti nel terzo mondo, in termini di tecnologia, qualità e gamma di farmaci prodotti. Dalle pillole per il mal di testa agli antibiotici e ai complessi composti cardiaci, quasi tutti i tipi di medicinali sono prodotti internamente. L'industria farmaceutica indiana è oggi la terza al mondo in termini di volume e la 14esima in termini di valore. L'industria farmaceutica indiana comprende attualmente più di 20.000 aziende autorizzate che impiegano circa 500.000 dipendenti. Le 250 principali aziende farmaceutiche controllano il 70% del mercato. Le esigenze commerciali di innumerevoli aziende farmaceutiche, in forte competizione tra loro, le hanno portate a dipendere dalle collaudate 3 C: convincere se possibile, confondere se necessario e corrompere se non funziona altro. È facile trovare difetti nelle politiche, e la colpa potrebbe essere del sistema normativo che non riesce a tenere il passo con le innovazioni dell'industria farmaceutica. Tuttavia, il governo ha fallito nel suo compito di prevenire una promozione non etica che ha già causato miseria, malattie e morte.

La industria farmacéutica india está en primera fila de las industrias de base científica de India, con amplias capacidades en el complejo campo de la fabricación y tecnología de medicamentos. Ocupa un lugar muy destacado en el tercer mundo en cuanto a tecnología, calidad y gama de medicamentos fabricados. Desde pastillas para el dolor de cabeza hasta antibióticos y complejos compuestos cardíacos, casi todos los tipos de medicamentos se fabrican ahora en el país. India es el tercer país del mundo en volumen y el decimocuarto en valor. La industria farmacéutica india cuenta actualmente con más de 20.000 empresas autorizadas que emplean a unas 500.000 personas. Las 250 principales empresas farmacéuticas controlan el 70% del mercado. Las necesidades comerciales de las innumerables empresas farmacéuticas, que compiten ferozmente entre sí, las han llevado a depender de las 3C de eficacia probada: convencer si es posible, confundir si es necesario y corromper si nada más funciona. Es fácil encontrar fallos en las políticas, y el fallo puede residir en que el sistema regulador no sigue el ritmo de las innovaciones de la industria farmacéutica. Sin embargo, el gobierno ha fracasado en su deber de impedir una promoción poco ética que ya ha provocado miseria, enfermedad y muerte.

Indijskaq farmacewticheskaq promyshlennost' nahoditsq w perwyh rqdah naukoemkih otraslej Indii s shirokimi wozmozhnostqmi w slozhnoj oblasti proizwodstwa lekarstw i tehnologij. Ona zanimaet ochen' wysokoe mesto w tret'em mire po tehnologii, kachestwu i assortimentu proizwodimyh lekarstw. Ot tabletok ot golownoj boli do antibiotikow i slozhnyh serdechnyh soedinenij - pochti wse widy lekarstw segodnq proizwodqtsq sobstwennymi silami. V nastoqschee wremq farmacewticheskaq promyshlennost' Indii zanimaet tret'e mesto w mire po ob#emu proizwodstwa i 14-e mesto po stoimosti. V nastoqschee wremq farmacewticheskaq promyshlennost' Indii wklüchaet w sebq bolee 20 000 licenzirowannyh kompanij, w kotoryh rabotaet okolo 500 000 sotrudnikow. Veduschie 250 farmacewticheskih kompanij kontroliruüt 70% rynka. Kommercheskie potrebnosti beschislennyh, zhestko konkuriruüschih mezhdu soboj farmacewticheskih kompanij priweli k tomu, chto oni stali polagat'sq na prowerennye i ispytannye 3C: ubedit', esli wozmozhno, zaputat', esli neobhodimo, i korrumpirowat', esli nichto drugoe ne pomogaet. Legko najti nedostatki w politike, i, wozmozhno, wina zaklüchaetsq w tom, chto sistema regulirowaniq ne uspewaet za innowaciqmi w farmacewticheskoj promyshlennosti. Tem ne menee, prawitel'stwo ne wypolnilo swoü obqzannost' po predotwrascheniü neätichnogo prodwizheniq, kotoroe uzhe priwelo k stradaniqm, boleznqm i smerti.

Die indische Pharmaindustrie steht in der ersten Reihe der wissenschaftsbasierten Industrie Indiens und verfügt über weitreichende Fähigkeiten im komplexen Bereich der Arzneimittelherstellung und -technologie. In Bezug auf Technologie, Qualität und Bandbreite der hergestellten Arzneimittel nimmt sie einen Spitzenplatz in der Dritten Welt ein. Von Kopfschmerztabletten über Antibiotika bis hin zu komplexen Herzmedikamenten werden heute fast alle Arten von Medikamenten im eigenen Land hergestellt. Die indische Pharmaindustrie ist heute die drittgrößte der Welt, was das Volumen angeht, und steht wertmäßig an 14. Die indische Pharmaindustrie umfasst derzeit mehr als 20.000 zugelassene Unternehmen, die rund 500.000 Mitarbeiter beschäftigen. Die führenden 250 Pharmaunternehmen kontrollieren 70 % des Marktes. Die kommerziellen Erfordernisse der zahllosen, hart konkurrierenden Pharmaunternehmen haben dazu geführt, dass sie sich auf die bewährten 3Cs verlassen: überzeugen, wenn möglich, verwirren, wenn nötig, und korrumpieren, wenn nichts anderes funktioniert. Es ist leicht, Fehler in der Politik zu finden, und der Fehler mag darin liegen, dass das Regulierungssystem nicht mit den Innovationen in der pharmazeutischen Industrie Schritt gehalten hat. Dennoch hat die Regierung in ihrer Pflicht versagt, unethische Werbung zu verhindern, die bereits zu Elend, Krankheit und Tod geführt hat.

This book gathers selected papers presented at International Conference on Machine Learning, Advances in Computing, Renewable Energy and Communication (MARC 2021), held in Krishna Engineering College, Ghaziabad, India, during 10 - 11 December, 2021. This book discusses key concepts, challenges and potential solutions in connection with established and emerging topics in advanced computing, renewable energy and network communications.

Indian Pharmaceutical Industry is in the front rank of Indiäs science-based industries with wide ranging capabilities in the complex field of drug manufacture and technology. It ranks very high in the third world, in terms of technology, quality and range of medicines manufactured. From headache pills to antibiotics and complex cardiac compounds, almost every type of medicine is now made indigenously. Its now the third largest in the world in terms of volume and stands 14th in terms of value. Indiäs pharmaceutical industry currently comprises more than 20,000 licensed companies employing approx 500,000 staff. The leading 250 pharmaceutical companies control 70% of the market. The commercial needs of countless, fiercely competing Pharmaceutical Companies have led them to depend on the tried and tested 3Cs: convince if possible, confuse if necessary, and corrupt if nothing else works. It is easy to find fault with policies, and the fault may lie in the regulatory system failing to keep pace with innovations in the pharmaceutical industry. Nevertheless, the government has failed in its duty of preventing unethical promotion that has already resulted in misery, illness, and death.

This work deals with the behaviours of nasal in Hindi, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in India. In Hindi, sometimes the nasal spreads its feature unto the vowels resulting in nasalization, sometimes it gets assimilated with neighbouring consonants and sometimes, they behave like nasal mutes. When they are nasal mutes, they neither spread their nasality feature nor are they assimilated with adjacent consonants. Phonologists made many attempts to deal with this problem, but we are still away from addressing this issue. The present work makes an attempt to address and answer the problem.

This book clearly details the dilemmas that contemporary India faces and the controversies that accompany the many policies advocated to address them. The author demonstrates the fault lines in post Independence India's political and economic systems.

This book addresses the concept and applications of Finite Time Thermodynamics to various thermal energy conversion systems including heat engines, heat pumps, and refrigeration and air-conditioning systems. The book is the first of its kind, presenting detailed analytical formulations for the design and optimisation of various power producing and cooling cycles including but not limited to: ¿ Vapour power cycles¿ Gas power cycles¿ Vapour compression cycles¿ Vapour absorption cycles¿ Rankine cycle coupled refrigeration systems Further, the book addresses the thermoeconomic analysis for the optimisation of thermal cycles, an important field of study in the present age and which is characterised by multi-objective optimization regarding energy, ecology, the environment and economics. Lastly, the book provides the readers with key techniques associated with Finite Time Thermodynamics, allowing them to understand the relevance of irreversibilities associated with real processes and the scientific reasons for deviations from ideal performance. The book is aimed at a broad readership, and offers a valuable reference book for graduate students, scholars and professionals working in the areas of thermal science and engineering.