Bücher von Sajjad Porgar

A transformação e refinamento de petróleo bruto (gasolina) em produtos úteis, incluindo gasolina (gasolina), óleo diesel, base asfáltica, óleos combustíveis, óleo para aquecimento, querosene, gás liquefeito de petróleo e nafta de petróleo ocorre em uma refinaria de petróleo, também conhecida como uma refinaria de petróleo.Fluxos de fluido são muitas vezes transportados entre grandes unidades de processamento químico, como colunas de destilação, por extensas tubulações que percorrem refinarias de petróleo, que geralmente são enormes e vastos complexos industriais. As refinarias de petróleo são semelhantes às instalações químicas em muitos aspectos, inclusive no emprego de muita tecnologia.

La transformation et le raffinement du pétrole brut (essence) en produits utiles, notamment l'essence (essence), le carburant diesel, la base d'asphalte, les mazouts, le mazout, le kérosène, le gaz de pétrole liquéfié et le naphta de pétrole ont lieu dans une raffinerie de pétrole, également appelée une raffinerie de pétrole.Les flux de fluides sont souvent transportés entre les grandes unités de traitement chimique, telles que les colonnes de distillation, par de vastes canalisations qui traversent les raffineries de pétrole, qui sont généralement d'énormes et vastes complexes industriels. Les raffineries de pétrole sont similaires aux installations chimiques à bien des égards, y compris l'utilisation de nombreuses technologies.

La trasformazione e la raffinazione del petrolio greggio (benzina) in prodotti utili tra cui benzina (benzina), gasolio, base di asfalto, oli combustibili, olio combustibile, cherosene, gas di petrolio liquefatto e nafta di petrolio avviene in una raffineria di petrolio, nota anche come una raffineria di petrolio.I flussi di fluidi vengono spesso trasportati tra grandi unità di lavorazione chimica, come le colonne di distillazione, da vaste tubazioni che attraversano le raffinerie di petrolio, che sono in genere enormi e vasti complessi industriali. Le raffinerie di petrolio sono simili agli impianti chimici sotto molti aspetti, compreso l'impiego di molta tecnologia.

La transformación y refinación del petróleo crudo (petróleo) en productos útiles que incluyen gasolina (petróleo), combustible diésel, base asfáltica, aceites combustibles, combustible para calefacción, queroseno, gas licuado de petróleo y nafta de petróleo se lleva a cabo en una refinería de petróleo, también conocida como una refinería de petróleo.Las corrientes de fluido a menudo se transportan entre grandes unidades de procesamiento químico, como columnas de destilación, mediante tuberías extensas que recorren las refinerías de petróleo, que suelen ser complejos industriales enormes y extensos. Las refinerías de petróleo son similares a las instalaciones químicas en muchos aspectos, incluido el empleo de mucha tecnología.

Die Umwandlung und Raffination von Rohöl (Benzin) in nützliche Produkte, einschließlich Benzin (Benzin), Dieselkraftstoff, Asphaltbasis, Heizöle, Heizöl, Kerosin, Flüssiggas und Petroleum Naphtha, findet in einer Ölraffinerie statt, auch bekannt als eine Erdölraffinerie.Fluidströme werden oft zwischen großen chemischen Verarbeitungseinheiten, wie Destillationskolonnen, durch ausgedehnte Rohrleitungen transportiert, die durch Ölraffinerien verlaufen, die typischerweise riesige, riesige Industriekomplexe sind. Ölraffinerien ähneln in vielen Aspekten chemischen Anlagen, einschließlich des Einsatzes einer Menge Technologie.

The transformation and refinement of crude oil (petrol) into useful products including gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, asphalt base, fuel oils, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, and petroleum naphtha takes place at an oil refinery, also known as a petroleum refinery. Streams of fluid are often transported between big chemical processing units, such as distillation columns, by extensive piping that runs throughout oil refineries, which are typically huge, vast industrial complexes. Oil refineries are similar to chemical facilities in many aspects, including the employment of a lot of technology.

Gaseous hydrates are solid crystalline compounds that are part of the family of Clathrate. Clathrate a simple compound is a molecule of a substance (guest molecule) trapped in a network made up of another molecule (host molecule). Clathrate of water is called hydrate. In their structure, water molecules give rise to holes forming a pseudo-network structure due to hydrogen bonding. This unstable network is known as a vacant hydrate network, which can be transformed into a stable structure at certain temperatures and pressures (at low and high pressure) with the presence of different gas components of appropriate size and shape. In this type of crystal, no chemical bonding occurs between the water molecules and the enclosed gas molecules, and the only crystalline stability factor is the formation of a hydrogen bond between the host molecules (water molecules) and the van der Waals force that is between host molecules and guest molecules (gas molecules)