Bücher von Stacy Ramdhan

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2011 in the subject Sociology - Law and Delinquency, grade: A, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine (-), language: English, abstract: Trinidad and Tobago illicit drug transhipping economy is premised upon the transhipping of cocaine and heroin from Venezuela to markets in Europe and the US and the production of marijuana for local consumption and export. ¿There then exist complex multi- realities illicit drug economy operating in Trinidad and Tobago which has over the years developed complex power relations between the licit economy and the illicit drug economy, between the political elites and the illicit drug economy and between officials of the state and the illicit drug economy¿ (Figueira, 2004).The drug trade is an organised worldwide industry, where suppliers do whatever is necessary to ensure that their trade continues without apprehension of reprisal or conviction. The problems associated with illegal narcotics and narco-trafficking have affected the legal, social, economic, political and psychological fabric of Caribbean societies. The development of the country is distorted when resources have to be channelled from development investments to drug trafficking eradication strategies (Chadee, 1998). Problems associated with substance abuse, production of illicit drugs and drug trafficking cause harm to individuals, families and communities which are reflected in serious problems such as disintegration of the family institution, the decline of community life, poor performance at school and the emergence of violence and intimidation as an acceptable approach to life. The illicit drug activity both trafficking and abuse and it resulting manifestations such as crime, armed violence, money laundering and corruption pose challenges to the overall development of Trinidad and Tobago. Deoseran & Chadee (1997) found that just over 6% of all incarcerated youths in Trinidad and Tobago were placed into juvenile homes for drug related crimes/offences. Currently there has been 914 drug related offence over the 3 months period in 2011. It has also been estimated by the TTPS and CAPA for 2010 there were 4474 drug offences, which has been on a steady increase since the year 2000, on average a total of 5059 cases per year; a total of 50,593 drug offenses over a 10 year period. These figures just allow us to see the nature and the extent of the drug problem that exist in Trinidad.Law enforcement authorities indicate that the presence of cocaine in the country has led to a dramatic increase in criminal activity.

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2010 in the subject Sociology - Law and Delinquency, grade: A+, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine (-), language: English, abstract: This research paper examines the Japanese religious cult Aum Shinrikyo and its attacks against Japanese citizens using chemical and biological weapons of mass destructions (WMD). The cults attack demonstrated that hostile groups are willing to strike their host country and cause harm to their fellow citizens. A study of the environment in which the cult operated, an analysis of the origins and history of the cult, an examination of the WMD attacks Aum Shinrikyo perpetuated as well as several important lessons that was derived from the work of Aum Supreme Truth will be examined.

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2010 in the subject Sociology - Law and Delinquency, grade: A, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine (-), language: English, abstract: Despite Trinidad and Tobagös wealth, experts say 25% live below the poverty line. According to Sookram (2008) more than a ¿ of the population of oil-rich Trinidad lives below poverty line. Sookram said that 27.32% live below the poverty level despite the fact that Trinidad and Tobago has been classified as a high income country by the World Bank. ¿Is this why the crime rate in Trinidad and Tobago is probably the highest in the Caribbean?¿ David Garland (1996), posits that the group that suffer the most from crime tend to be the poorest and the least powerful members of society and will usually lack the resources to but security or the flexibility to adapt their routines or organized effectively against crime. This disparity between the rich and the poor which overlaps with the developing divisions between property- owning classes and those social groups who are deemed a threat to property will tend to propel us towards criminal behaviour. The term ¿rich¿ may be defined as ¿the possession of material wealth, having abundant supply of desirable qualities or substances especially natural resources, having control of such assets and benefiting from the legislation.¿ In contrast, ¿poor¿ refers to the lack of specific resources, qualities or substances, with little or no possessions or money, having less than adequate in relation to the upper classes/the rich and wealthy. Socio-economic status is an economic and sociological combined measure of a persons work experience and of individual¿s or family¿s economic and social position relative to others based on income, education , wealth, occupation and social status in the community. As a result of this unequal distribution issue that arises between the rich and the poor, Clarke, Twoey (2001), has put fort the equitable solution arguing that one must eliminate the differences of rich and poor, and all man should be treated equally in the eyes of the law.The distribution of wealth has always been uneven in Trinidad and Tobago. There are also extremes of wealth and poverty. The wealthy minority is made up of those with interest in the private sector manufacturing and it is widely rumoured in politics state co operations. The richest citizens in Trinidad are to be seen in the hill side suburbs of Port-of-Spain, where large villas boast satellites dishes and swimming pools. Trinidad and Tobagös rich tend to live a transnational lifestyle, with assets and interest in the US.

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2010 in the subject Sociology - Law and Delinquency, grade: A, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine (-), course: Theories and Issues in Criminalogy, language: English, abstract: The article has presented an overview on the legislative and policy responses to the prime issue trafficking, where they have come from, and where they are going with respect to the development at the UK, EU and international level. There was inadequacy of the data on trafficking as well as the policy responses solely focused on victim-centred approach neglected the other areas of this crime that are arguably equally significant. It appears to be a renewed focus on the need for better data to build the policy responses, and to collect more robust data for policy developments. At present Goodey concluded that there seems to be a shift with respect to its focus of attention of trafficking for labour exploitation and child trafficking at the same time as trafficking continues to respond to the ¿migration-crime- security¿ nexus. Presently, Goodey argue that there is a concern of the knowledge on traffickers themselves but there is still a great deal to know about the demand side of prostitution so it can provide insights for the policy responses in the area of trafficking prevention. He also concluded that the list of areas to be research could be extended to assist the policy responses toaddress this crime.

Master's Thesis from the year 2011 in the subject Sociology - Law and Delinquency, grade: A+, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine , course: Criminology and Criminal Justice, language: English, abstract: Theoretical Analysis/Framework of 'An evaluation of the impact of gender, racial/ethnic background, social class, family and peer influence on juvenile delinquency in the Penal/Debe region'. This chapter is intended to explain the various theories which explore the gender-delinquency relation, racial/ethnic-delinquency relation, social class-delinquency relation, family-delinquency relation and the peer-delinquency relation.

Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject Sociology - Law and Delinquency, grade: B+, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine (-), language: English, abstract: The tourism industry is the world¿s fastest growing industry and largest employer. In the Caribbean, tourism it is one of the largest and most dynamic industries. Given its economic importance, tourism has become fully incorporated in the deliberate development of Caribbean countries. In Trinidad and Tobago, tourism is one of the larger growing service sectors. Tourism has been identified as a sector that will play a critical role in the nation¿s drive toward economic diversification and sustainability (TDC 2006). The islands of Trinidad and Tobago are distinctive in both nature and appeal. While the duality presents a challenge for developing a logical approach for the country, it offers an incredible opportunity to create two distinctive tourism experiences, each competitive in their own right and is even more attractive if taken together.

Literature Review from the year 2011 in the subject Sociology - Law and Delinquency, grade: A, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine (-), language: English, abstract: The increase in criminal behavior among the youth population in Trinidad and Tobago has been of national concern for some time. Reports of serious crime ¿ murder, attack with a weapon, rape, larceny, kidnapping - allegedly committed by school students and reported in the press, have given rise to great concern and stimulated resultant explanations from lay persons and policy makers alike. The reasons for and the appropriate methods of dealing with this relatively new phenomenon in the Trinidad context, have abounded and are discussed in various public fora. However, this upsurge has given rise to what are the causal factors for the extent and forms of delinquency. The dynamics of gender, race, social class, family and peer influence will be examine to demonstrate how they are related to the upsurge in delinquency and criminal activities in this youth section of the population.