Bücher von Tariq Mahmood

The frequency of terrorist events in Pakistan has increased considerably in the past several years. These events are frequent and not random, making it important to identify useful patterns in their occurrences to assist counter-terrorism organizations. In this paper, we conduct such an analytical activity for the first time in Pakistan. We acquire data of terrorist events from reliable online sources, and apply data pre-processing techniques followed by cluster analysis. Based on statistical correlation, we discover clusters over the following combinations: 1) ¿Event of Terrorism- Target of Terrorism¿, and 2) ¿Event of Terrorism ¿ Method of Terrorism¿. A more significant clustering is one which groups distinct combinations into separate clusters. We analyze these clusters along three dimensions: 1) annually for the time period 1988-2012, 2) for each Pakistani province, and 3) for different types of terrorist events. We also propose a statistic for gauging the intensity of terrorism, and analyze it along the same three dimensions. These can assist counter-terrorism authorities in thwarting future attacks and arresting the responsible criminals.

The present study was undertaken to develop oral sustained release tablets of metoprolol tartrate using natural hydrophilic matrix formers (xanthan gum and tragacanth). Sustained release matrix tablets of metoprolol tartrate were prepared by using different ratios of drug, xanthan gum and tragacanth. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was used as diluent. The polymer was incorporated into a matrix system using direct compression technique. Different formulations were evaluated with respect to dissolution profile in 900 mL phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), 0.1 M HCl solution and distilled water for 12 h at 37°C. Increasing the amount of polymer (xanthan gum) in the formulation led to slow release of drug. The kinetic treatment showed the best fitted different mathematical models (Zero order, First order, Higuchiís and Hixson-Crowell). Most of the solid matrix formulations followed Higuchi or zero order kinetics. The formulations F1, F2, F3 and F7, F8, F9 showed maximum linearity. The results showed that the formulation F9 containing 30% xanthan gum and 10% gum tragacanth is the most similar to that of the reference marketed preparation.