Bücher von Tengiz Urushadze

Processy degradacii pochwy ochen' chuwstwitel'ny dlq gornyh stran, takih kak Gruziq, gde processy ärozii, zagrqznenie pochwy tqzhelymi metallami i radiaciq qwlqütsq samymi bol'shimi problemami. Zagrqznenie tqzhelymi metallami proishodit iz dwuh istochnikow: transport i promyshlennost'. Kogda istochnikom zagrqzneniq pochwy qwlqetsq gornodobywaüschaq promyshlennost', w zagrqznennyh rekah koncentraciq Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb i Zn prewyshaet fonowye znacheniq. Problema zaklüchaetsq w tom, chto w Gruzii ne opredeleny predel'no dopustimye koncentracii dlq zagrqzneniq pochwy, i äta kniga qwlqetsq perwoj popytkoj adaptirowat' zakonodatel'stwo ewropejskih stran k mestnym uslowiqm. Issledowanie pochw, zagrqznennyh tqzhelymi metallami, ochen' wazhno dlq prowedeniq melioratiwnyh rabot i obespecheniq prodowol'stwennoj bezopasnosti w strane.

Os processos de degradação do solo são muito sensíveis a países montanhosos como a Geórgia, onde os processos de erosão, contaminação dos solos com metais pesados e radiação são as maiores preocupações. A contaminação com metais pesados é resultado de duas fontes: transporte e indústria. Quando as fontes de poluição do solo são indústrias mineiras, em rios contaminados as concentrações de Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn excedem os valores de fundo. O problema é que não existem concentrações máximas admissíveis definidas para a poluição do solo na Geórgia e este livro é a primeira tentativa de adaptar a legislação dos países europeus às condições locais. A investigação dos solos contaminados com metais pesados é muito importante para as actividades de recuperação de terras e segurança alimentar no país.

I processi di degrado del suolo sono molto sensibili nei Paesi montuosi come la Georgia, dove i processi di erosione, la contaminazione del suolo con metalli pesanti e le radiazioni sono le maggiori preoccupazioni. La contaminazione da metalli pesanti deriva da due fonti: il trasporto e l'industria. Quando le fonti di inquinamento del suolo sono le industrie minerarie, nei fiumi contaminati le concentrazioni di Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn superano i valori di fondo. Il problema è che non esistono concentrazioni massime ammissibili definite per l'inquinamento del suolo in Georgia e questo libro è il primo tentativo di adattare la legislazione dei Paesi europei alle condizioni locali. Le indagini sui terreni contaminati da metalli pesanti sono molto importanti per le attività di bonifica e per la sicurezza alimentare del Paese.

Los procesos de degradación del suelo son muy sensibles en países montañosos como Georgia, donde los procesos de erosión, la contaminación de los suelos con metales pesados y la radiación son las mayores preocupaciones. La contaminación por metales pesados procede de dos fuentes: el transporte y la industria. Cuando las fuentes de contaminación del suelo son las industrias mineras, en los ríos contaminados las concentraciones de Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb y Zn superan los valores de fondo. El problema es que en Georgia no existen concentraciones máximas permitidas definidas para la contaminación del suelo y este libro es el primer intento de adaptar la legislación de los países europeos a las condiciones locales. La investigación de suelos contaminados con metales pesados es muy importante para las actividades de recuperación de tierras y la seguridad alimentaria del país.

Prozesse der Bodenverschlechterung sind in gebirgigen Ländern wie Georgien sehr empfindlich, wo Erosionsprozesse, die Kontamination der Böden mit Schwermetallen und Strahlung die größten Probleme darstellen. Die Verschmutzung mit Schwermetallen ist auf zwei Quellen zurückzuführen: Verkehr und Industrie. Wenn die Quellen der Bodenverschmutzung die Bergbauindustrie sind, übersteigen die Konzentrationen von Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb und Zn in den kontaminierten Flüssen die Hintergrundwerte. Das Problem besteht darin, dass es in Georgien keine zulässigen Höchstkonzentrationen für die Bodenverschmutzung gibt, und dieses Buch ist der erste Versuch, die Rechtsvorschriften der europäischen Länder an die lokalen Bedingungen anzupassen. Die Untersuchung von mit Schwermetallen kontaminierten Böden ist für die Bodensanierung und die Lebensmittelsicherheit in Georgien sehr wichtig.

Les processus de dégradation des sols sont très sensibles dans les pays montagneux comme la Géorgie, où les processus d'érosion, la contamination des sols par les métaux lourds et les radiations sont les principales préoccupations. La contamination par les métaux lourds provient de deux sources : le transport et l'industrie. Lorsque les sources de pollution des sols sont les industries minières, les concentrations de Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb et Zn dans les rivières contaminées dépassent les valeurs de fond. Le problème est qu'il n'existe pas de concentrations maximales admissibles définies pour la pollution des sols en Géorgie et ce livre est la première tentative d'adapter la législation des pays européens aux conditions locales. L'étude des sols contaminés par des métaux lourds est très importante pour les activités de remise en état des terres et la sécurité alimentaire dans le pays.

The Caucasus, including Georgia, occupies a special place in the history of pedology. Especially Georgia as a natural ¿Open-Air Museum of Soils¿¿ caused a great interest among many generations of soil scientists, including foreign researchers. In the end of the twentieth century, Georgia was the first country in the post-Soviet area, where the main soil types were described according to the World Reference Base of Soil Resources (WRB). In 1998¿1999, several field trips were organized through the initiative of the Georgian Soil Science Society with the participation of Georgian and foreign pedologists (J. Deckers, G.V. Dobrovol¿skii, S.V. Zonn, F. Ugolini, H.P. Blume, W.E.H. Blum, M. Purnell, D. Yaalon and others). In 1999, a map of the soils of Georgia was published at the scale 1: 500 000. This was the first important attempt to correlate Georgian soils and the main soils of the world. In 2005, the first translation of the WRB was published. In 2017, the latest version of the WRB, published by the FAO, has been translated into Georgian language and was finally published as one of the first translations into a national language. Cover image: Caucasus mountains.

Soil degradation processes are very sensitive to mountainous countries like Georgia, where erosion processes, contamination of soils with heavy metals and radiation are the biggest concerns. Contamination with heavy metals is resulted from two sources: transport and industry. When sources of soil pollution are mining industries, in contaminated rivers concentrations of Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn exceed the background values. The problem is that there are no maximum permissible concentrations defined for soil pollution in Georgia and this book is the first attempt to adapt the legislation of European countries to local conditions. Investigation of soils contaminated with heavy metals is very important for land reclamation activities and food safety in the country.