Bücher von Xenophon

Provides an edition suitable for students of Plato and Xenophon's accounts of how Socrates, on trial for his life, defended himself and his philosophy. The Commentary explores literary, linguistic, and philosophical aspects, while the Introduction discusses Socrates, his philosophy, Socratic dialogues, and Athenian legal procedures.

"Cyropaedia: The Education of Cyrus" through Xenophon is an ancient Greek historic and philosophical paintings that offers a fictionalized account of the life and accomplishments of Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Persian Empire. The narrative, often taken into consideration a blend of biography and political treatise, focuses on the principles of leadership, governance, and the ethical schooling of a ruler. Xenophon takes the reader thru the existence of Cyrus, emphasizing his early life, education, and upward thrust to energy. The work is remarkable for its exploration of leadership qualities, ethical governance, and the connection between rulers and their subjects. As Cyrus establishes and expands his empire, the narrative presents insights into the author's ideas on an appropriate ruler, drawing parallels with the political context of historic Greece. "Cyropaedia" is a rich tapestry of historical fiction and philosophical musings, providing readers a window into the political philosophy of Xenophon. The textual content's enduring relevance lies in its exploration of leadership virtues, offering lessons that transcend the limits of time and culture.

Anabasis (an "expedition up from") is the most famous work of the Ancient Greek professional soldier and writer Xenophon. It narrates the expedition of a large army of Greek mercenaries hired by Cyrus the Younger to help him seize the throne of Persia from his brother, Artaxerxes II, in 401 BC. The seven books making up the Anabasis were composed circa 370 BC. Though as an Ancient Greek vocabulary word, ᾰ̓νᾰ́βᾰσῐς means "embarkation", "ascent" or "mounting up", the title Anabasis is rendered in translation as The March Up Country or as The March of the Ten Thousand. The narration of the army's journey across Asia Minor and Mesopotamia is Xenophon's best known work, and "one of the great adventures in human history". Xenophon, in his Hellenica, did not cover the retreat of Cyrus but instead referred the reader to the Anabasis by "Themistogenes of Syracuse"-the tenth-century Suda also describes Anabasis as being the work of Themistogenes, "preserved among the works of Xenophon", in the entry Θεμιστογένεης. (Θεμιστογένης, Συρακούσιος, ἱστορικός. Κύρου ἀνάβασιν, ἥτις ἐν τοῖς Ξενοφῶντος φέρεται καὶ ἄλλα τινὰ περὶ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ πατρίδος. J.S. Watson in his Remarks on the Authorship of Anabasis refers to the various interpretations of the word "φέρεται", which give rise to different interpretations and different problems.) Aside from these two references, there is no authority for there being a contemporary Anabasis written by "Themistogenes of Syracuse", and indeed no mention of such a person in any other context. The Greek term anabasis referred to an expedition from a coastline into the interior of a country. While the journey of Cyrus is an anabasis from Ionia on the eastern coast of the Aegean Sea, to the interior of Asia Minor and Mesopotamia, most of Xenophon's narrative is taken up with the return march of Xenophon and the Ten Thousand, from the interior of Babylon to the coast of the Black Sea. Socrates makes a cameo appearance, when Xenophon asks whether he ought to accompany the expedition. The short episode demonstrates the reverence of Socrates for the Oracle of Delphi. Xenophon's account of the exploit resounded through Greece, where, two generations later, some surmise, it may have inspired Philip of Macedon to believe that a lean and disciplined Hellene army might be relied upon to defeat a Persian army many times its size. Besides military history, the Anabasis has found use as a tool for the teaching of classical philosophy; the principles of statesmanship and politics exhibited by the army can be seen as exemplifying Socratic philosophy. (wikipedia.org)

Xenophon the Athenian was born 431 B.C. He was a pupil of Socrates. He marched with the Spartans, and was exiled from Athens. Sparta gave him land and property in Scillus, where he lived for many years before having to move once more, to settle in Corinth. He died in 354 B.C. The Economist records Socrates and Critobulus in a talk about profitable estate management, and a lengthy recollection by Socrates of Ischomachus' discussion of the same topic. INTERLOCUTORS Socrates and Critobulus At Chapter VII. a prior discussion held between Socrates and Ischomachus is introduced: On the life of a "beautiful and good" man. In these chapters (vii.-xxi.) Socrates is represented by the author as repeating for the benefit of Critobulus and the rest certain conversations which he had once held with the beautiful and good Ischomachus on the essentials of economy. It was a tete-a-tete discussion, and in the original Greek the remarks of the two speakers are denoted by such phrases as {ephe o 'Iskhomakhos-ephen egio}-"said (he) Ischomachus," "said I." (Socrates) To save the repetition of expressions tedious in English, I have, whenever it seemed help to do so, ventured to throw parts of the reported conversations into dramatic form, inserting "Isch." "Soc." in the customary way to designate the speakers; but these, it must be borne in mind, are merely "asides" to the reader, who will not forget that Socrates is the narrator throughout-speaking of himself as "I," and of Ischomachus as "he," or by his name.

The Memorabilia, has been considered important throughout human history. In an effort to ensure that this work is never lost, we have taken steps to secure its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for both current and future generations. This complete book has been retyped, redesigned, and reformatted. Since these books are not scans of the authors' original publications, the text is readable and clear.

The most well-known writer of the professional soldier and author from Ancient Greece named Xenophon's Anabasis. It describes the journey of a sizable army of Greek mercenaries sent by Cyrus the Younger to assist him in removing his brother Artaxerxes II from the throne of Persia in 401 BC. The Anabasis, which consists of seven books, was written around 370 BC. The title Anabasis is translated as The March Up Country or as The March of the Ten Thousand even though the Ancient Greek word "v" signifies "embarkation," "ascent," or "mounting up." The best-known of Xenophon's works, and one of the great adventures in human history," is the account of the army's travels across Asia Minor and Mesopotamia. Because of its straightforward prose form and relatively pure Attic dialect, Anabasis is typically one of the first unabridged texts read by students of classical Greek. This is similar to Caesar's Commentarii de Bello Gallico for Latin students. They are both third-person autobiographical stories of military adventure, which may not be a coincidence. Xenophon traveled with the Ten Thousand, a sizable force of Greek mercenaries that Cyrus the Younger had hired in order to assassinate his brother Artaxerxes II from the throne of Persia.