Politik

Selections From Spenser�������s The Faerie Queene (1905) is a book that contains a collection of excerpts from the epic poem The Faerie Queene by Edmund Spenser. The poem is a complex allegory that explores various virtues and vices through the adventures of knights and ladies in the mythical land of Faerie. The selections in this book have been carefully chosen to represent some of the most significant and memorable moments from the poem. They include scenes of battle, romance, and moral instruction, as well as descriptions of the fantastical creatures and landscapes that populate the world of Faerie. The book also includes an introduction that provides background information on Spenser and his literary influences, as well as an overview of the themes and structure of The Faerie Queene. This introduction is helpful for readers who may be unfamiliar with the poem or who want to deepen their understanding of its complexities.Overall, Selections From Spenser�������s The Faerie Queene (1905) is a valuable resource for anyone interested in exploring the rich and intricate world of Edmund Spenser�������s masterpiece.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

Suggestions On Government is a book written by Samuel Erasmus Moffett in 1894. The book is a collection of essays that offer suggestions and recommendations on how the government can improve its policies and practices. Moffett, who was a lawyer and politician, provides insights on various topics such as taxation, education, law enforcement, and foreign relations. He argues that the government should prioritize the welfare of its citizens and create policies that promote social and economic progress. Moffett also emphasizes the importance of transparency and accountability in government, and he suggests ways to prevent corruption and abuse of power. The book is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the history of government and politics in the late 19th century.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

""Our Weights and Measures"" is a comprehensive guide to the standard weights and measures used in the British Empire during the late 19th century. Written by Henry James Chaney in 1897, this practical treatise covers the various units of measurement used for length, weight, volume, and currency. It also provides an introduction to the metric system, which was gaining popularity at the time. The book is intended for use by merchants, traders, and anyone who needs to make accurate measurements in their daily work. It includes tables and charts to help readers convert between different units of measurement and provides historical context for the development of standard weights and measures. Overall, ""Our Weights and Measures"" is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the history of measurement systems or the practical application of weights and measures in commerce.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

""The British Noctuae And Their Varieties V1"" is a comprehensive guidebook written by James William Tutt in 1891. The book is dedicated to the study of the Noctuae, a family of moths, found in the British Isles. It includes detailed descriptions of the physical characteristics, habitat, and behavior of each species, along with illustrations and color plates. The book is divided into several chapters, each focusing on a different aspect of the Noctuae family, such as their life cycle, distribution, and classification. The author also provides a historical overview of the study of moths in Britain, as well as a glossary of scientific terms used in the book. This volume is an invaluable resource for entomologists, naturalists, and anyone interested in the study of moths and their varieties in the British Isles.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

Sidelights On Contemporary Socialism is a book written by John Spargo and published in 1911. The book provides an in-depth analysis of the socialist movement in the early 20th century, focusing on its key figures, ideologies, and political strategies. Spargo, a prominent socialist and labor activist, draws on his personal experiences and observations to provide readers with a unique perspective on the movement.The book is divided into several chapters, each of which covers a specific aspect of contemporary socialism. The first chapter provides an overview of the history of socialism, tracing its roots back to the French Revolution and the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Subsequent chapters explore the different branches of socialism, including Marxist, Fabian, and Syndicalist, and examine their respective strengths and weaknesses.In addition to discussing the theoretical underpinnings of socialism, Spargo also provides a detailed analysis of the political and economic conditions that gave rise to the movement. He examines the role of industrialization, urbanization, and imperialism in shaping the socialist agenda, and explores the ways in which socialists sought to address issues such as poverty, inequality, and labor exploitation.Throughout the book, Spargo offers a critical assessment of contemporary socialist movements, highlighting their successes and failures and offering suggestions for future development. He also provides biographical sketches of key socialist leaders, including Marx, Engels, William Morris, and George Bernard Shaw.Overall, Sidelights On Contemporary Socialism is a comprehensive and insightful examination of the socialist movement in the early 20th century. It offers readers a unique perspective on the theoretical and practical aspects of socialism, and provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities facing the movement at that time.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

""The Lord Mayor and Aldermen of London During the Tudor Period"" is a historical account of the political and social landscape of London during the reigns of the Tudor monarchs. Written by Margaret Rose Kollock and originally published in 1906, the book provides a detailed analysis of the role and influence of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen in the governance of the city of London, as well as their interactions with the royal court and other powerful figures of the time. The book covers a range of topics, including the administration of justice, the regulation of trade and commerce, and the development of the city's infrastructure. Drawing on a wealth of primary sources, including official records and contemporary accounts, the author paints a vivid picture of life in Tudor London and the complex political and social dynamics that shaped the city's history. This book is an invaluable resource for anyone interested in the history of London, the Tudor period, or the development of political institutions in early modern England.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

""An Introduction To The Study Of Justinian�������s Digest"" is a book written by Henry John Roby in 1886. The book provides a comprehensive account of the composition of Justinian's Digest and the jurists used or referred to therein. The Digest is a collection of Roman laws compiled by the Byzantine emperor Justinian I in the 6th century CE. The book is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the history of Roman law and its influence on modern legal systems. It is written in a scholarly style and contains detailed analysis and information about the Digest and its significance. Overall, ""An Introduction To The Study Of Justinian�������s Digest"" is an essential read for anyone interested in the history of law and legal systems.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

The book ""American, Boynton Directory 1638: Containing The Address Of All Known Boyntons, Boyingtons And Byingtons In The United States And British Dominions (1884)"" is a comprehensive directory that lists all the known Boyntons, Boyingtons, and Byingtons in the United States and British Dominions. It was written by John Farnham Boynton and published in 1884. The book provides detailed information about the Boynton family history, including their origins and migration patterns. It also includes a list of notable Boyntons, Boyingtons, and Byingtons, along with their addresses and occupations. This directory is a valuable resource for genealogists and historians interested in tracing the lineage of the Boynton family.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

American Government: For Use In Secondary Schools is a comprehensive textbook written by Roscoe Lewis Ashley and published in 1910. The book covers the structure and functions of the American government, including the Constitution, the three branches of government, political parties, and the electoral process. It also delves into important topics such as federalism, civil liberties, and the role of the media in shaping public opinion. The book is intended for use in secondary schools and is written in a clear and concise manner, making it accessible to students of varying levels of knowledge. With its detailed explanations and numerous examples, American Government: For Use In Secondary Schools is an essential resource for anyone seeking to understand the workings of the American political system.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

American Democracy And Asiatic Citizenship is a book written by Sidney Lewis Gulick and published in 1918. The book explores the topic of democracy and citizenship in the context of the relationship between America and Asia. Gulick argues that the principles of democracy should be applied universally, including to Asian people who were not traditionally considered as equal citizens in America. He examines the historical and cultural factors that have contributed to the unequal treatment of Asian Americans and discusses the challenges and opportunities for promoting democracy in Asia. The book also explores the role of education in promoting democracy and citizenship, particularly among Asian immigrants in America. Overall, American Democracy And Asiatic Citizenship is an important contribution to the discussion of democracy and citizenship in America and Asia during the early 20th century.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

Secret Societies: A Discussion Of Their Character And Claims is a book written by David Macdill in 1867. The book explores the history and nature of secret societies, examining their origins and beliefs, as well as their impact on society. Macdill discusses the various secret societies that existed at the time, including the Freemasons, the Illuminati, and the Rosicrucians, among others. He also delves into their rituals, symbols, and practices, and provides insight into their goals and objectives. The book is a fascinating look into the world of secret societies and sheds light on the mysterious and often misunderstood organizations that have existed throughout history.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

La mayoría de los textos de administración se inclinan hacia una orientación empresarial, centrados en el sector privado. Esta tendencia deja un hueco considerable en la educación de aquellos que aspiran a servir en el sector público. Mi objetivo con este manual es ofrecer una perspectiva que aborde de manera integral los desafíos y particularidades de la administración pública.Este libro está fundamentado en la sólida creencia de que la administración pública es una disciplina científica por derecho propio. Por ello, se ha elaborado con un enfoque riguroso, buscando establecer un marco teórico robusto que sirva como base para la comprensión y práctica de esta profesión. En su desarrollo, se incorpora la teoría general de sistemas, proporcionando un enfoque teórico que considera la administración pública como un conjunto de sistemas interconectados y dinámicos.Este libro está fundamentado en la sólida creencia de que la administración pública es una disciplina científica por derecho propio. Por ello, se ha elaborado con un enfoque riguroso, buscando establecer un marco teórico robusto que sirva como base para la comprensión y práctica de esta profesión. En su desarrollo, se incorpora la teoría general de sistemas, proporcionando un enfoque teórico que considera la administración pública como un conjunto de sistemas interconectados y dinámicos.Además, en un mundo caracterizado por la volatilidad, la incertidumbre, la complejidad y la ambigüedad (VICA), es imperativo actualizar y adaptar los marcos teóricos tradicionales. Este manual aborda estos desafíos contemporáneos, integrando enfoques teóricos actuales que son cruciales para la formación de administradores públicos eficaces.

Le sionisme québécois(...)Il faudrait plutôt trouver un terrain vierge, une île inhabitée. Il y en a sûrement si on y met le prix. Si elle était dans une mer chaude, ce serait encoremieux puisque les Québécois ont développé un attrait certain pour le soleil du sud. Comme il doit y avoir au moins deux millions de souverainistes au Québec, on multiplie par 100 dollars, on a tout de suite 200 millions. Si on envisage descontributeurs plus fortunés comme PKP, ou les personnes qui pourraient donner 1 000 dollars, ou 100 dollars par année pendant deux ans, on arriverait à unejolie somme. Ensuite, on donnerait à l'île un statut juridique en la nommant Québec ; il faudrait construire dans un premier temps, un hôtel, installer les premiers colonsqui accueilleraient les nouveaux Québécois; le bouche à oreille ferait le reste. Quel Québécois n'aimerait pas aller passer des vacances dans un endroit où le logement ne coûterait rien puisqu'il serait le co-propriétaire de l'île? Je sais que cela semble utopique, mais qui aurait parié sur la naissance d'Israël au dix-neuvième siècle? La victoire du Canadien? La carrière de Céline Dion?La réussite de Guy Laliberté et de son cirque de clowns? Un pays comme l'Islande avec ces 334 252 (2016) habitants est un pays aussi improbable, pourtant il existe bien et il est prospère. Après un temps, des juristes travailleraient sur la reconnaissance juridique du nouveau pays et sur une sorte de Constitution. On peut songer à une doublenationalité pour que les nouveaux citoyens conservent un pied au Québec d'origine, pour le travail, le temps de développer le pays idéal. Le pays Québec deviendrait un fait accompli après quelques années. Langue officielle : le français. Religion : privée. Interdiction : l'islam. Interdiction :l'immigration de non-résidents du Québec. L'aliénation que va créer l'immigration de remplacement pousserait ces néo-Québécois à s'installer à l'île Québec. Quel projet emballant ! J'embarque. Voici le premier cent dollars !

Tensions between the Black Community and Chicago's majority-white police force have continued to escalate through the years. From the late 60's through the early 90's, those tensions grew to an all time high.In this explosive memoir, Howard recounts, not only the battles, the lawsuits, and the negotiations that resulted in more accountability in the police department, but also the racism within the ranks which often brought him and his fellow Afro American Police League members into the line of fire. For those who lived through those times, reliving that era through the experiences of a former Black cop will gibe you a whole new perspective. For others, throughout the nation, this will serve as a history lesson and an upfront, close-up look into the Chicago you've only heard about, the real Chicago and its Police, Prisons, Politics and Power.

This story is a tapestry woven with threads of resilience, love, and adventure. It's about more than working on the original Star Trek or her slave ancestor's love story; it's a journey through history, loss, and triumph.Andreea has walked alongside giants, and mourned the loss of friends like Malcolm X and Martin Luther King. She has navigated the complexities of love and faced the challenges of breaking through the glass ceiling. She has fulfilled her dreams now and makes her home on the other side of the world, living under the stars of the Southern Cross in Australia.Her story is a celebration of human resilience, a testament to the beauty of diversity, and a reminder of our shared journey on this planet. It's a firsthand account of remarkable people who changed the world, seen through her unique and personal lens.A must-read for my sisters and those who crave a story that both enlightens and entertains.

"Era of E-Governance" est une exploration fascinante de l'impact transformateur des technologies numériques sur le paysage de la gouvernance. L'ouvrage se penche sur l'évolution de la gouvernance électronique et ses implications profondes pour l'efficacité, la transparence et l'inclusivité des opérations gouvernementales. Grâce à une analyse méticuleuse d'études de cas et d'exemples concrets, l'auteur explique comment les progrès des technologies de l'information ont remodelé les processus administratifs, les canaux de communication et l'engagement des citoyens. De la numérisation des services publics à la mise en ¿uvre de processus décisionnels innovants fondés sur des données, l'ouvrage offre un aperçu complet des différentes facettes de l'e-gouvernance. Rédigé dans un style accessible et informatif, "Era of E-Governance" constitue une ressource inestimable pour les décideurs politiques, les universitaires et toute personne désireuse de comprendre l'intersection dynamique de la technologie et de la gouvernance à l'ère contemporaine. Quelques exemples peuvent vous donner une idée des différents sujets abordés. Le livre est une tentative de compiler ces différents aspects en un seul volume.

"Era of E-Governance" é uma exploração convincente do impacto transformador das tecnologias digitais no panorama da governação. O livro analisa a evolução da governação eletrónica e as suas profundas implicações para a eficiência, transparência e inclusão das operações governamentais. Através de uma análise meticulosa de estudos de caso e exemplos reais, o autor esclarece como os avanços na tecnologia da informação remodelaram os processos administrativos, os canais de comunicação e o envolvimento dos cidadãos. Desde a digitalização dos serviços públicos até à implementação de processos inovadores de tomada de decisões baseados em dados, o livro fornece uma visão global das várias facetas da governação eletrónica. Escrito num estilo acessível e informativo, "Era of E-Governance" constitui um recurso inestimável para decisores políticos, académicos e qualquer pessoa interessada em compreender a intersecção dinâmica da tecnologia e da governação na era contemporânea. Alguns exemplos podem dar uma ideia dos vários tópicos que abordamos. O livro é uma tentativa de compilar estes vários aspectos num único volume.

"La era de la gobernanza electrónica" es una exploración convincente del impacto transformador de las tecnologías digitales en el panorama de la gobernanza. El libro ahonda en la evolución de la gobernanza electrónica y sus profundas implicaciones para la eficiencia, transparencia e inclusividad de las operaciones gubernamentales. A través de un meticuloso análisis de casos prácticos y ejemplos reales, el autor explica cómo los avances en las tecnologías de la información han reconfigurado los procesos administrativos, los canales de comunicación y la participación ciudadana. Desde la digitalización de los servicios públicos hasta la aplicación de una innovadora toma de decisiones basada en datos, el libro ofrece una visión completa de las diversas facetas de la gobernanza electrónica. Escrito en un estilo accesible e informativo, "Era of E-Governance" constituye un recurso inestimable para responsables políticos, académicos y cualquier persona interesada en comprender la dinámica intersección entre tecnología y gobernanza en la era contemporánea. Algunos ejemplos pueden dar una idea de los diversos temas tratados. El libro es un intento de recopilar estos diversos aspectos en un solo volumen.

"L'era dell'e-governance" è un'avvincente esplorazione dell'impatto trasformativo delle tecnologie digitali sul panorama della governance. Il libro analizza l'evoluzione della governance elettronica e le sue profonde implicazioni per l'efficienza, la trasparenza e l'inclusività delle operazioni governative. Attraverso un'analisi meticolosa di casi di studio ed esempi reali, l'autore chiarisce come i progressi delle tecnologie dell'informazione abbiano rimodellato i processi amministrativi, i canali di comunicazione e l'impegno dei cittadini. Dalla digitalizzazione dei servizi pubblici all'implementazione di processi decisionali innovativi basati sui dati, il libro fornisce una panoramica completa dei vari aspetti dell'e-governance. Scritto in uno stile accessibile e informativo, "L'era dell'e-governance" è una risorsa preziosa per politici, accademici e chiunque sia interessato a comprendere l'intersezione dinamica tra tecnologia e governance nell'era contemporanea. Alcuni esempi possono dare un'idea dei vari argomenti trattati. Il libro è un tentativo di raccogliere questi vari aspetti in un unico volume.

With the attainment of independence, Ghana had as main goals, Freedom, Unity and Prosperity. Unfortunately, the first 30years of the country¿s political life as an independent state with her lofty dreams turned largely nightmarish characterized by economic hardship and military coups. The ¿Black Star¿ of Africa became an example of a failing African State engulfed with corrupt, incompetent, and repressive governments presiding over and promoting political instability, stagnant economy, broken down infrastructure and decaying society. However, with the reemergence of the democratic wind of change in the 1990s, Ghana has been gaining remarkable positions in the democratic index. This book sets to investigate the main trajectories characterizing the peaceful political Transition and by extension charts the path for democratic consolidation in Ghana's Fourth Republic. It employs an experimental research design involving the collection, presentation, and analysis of data through relevant documents, texts, observations, and interview proofs.

"Era of E-Governance" ist eine fesselnde Untersuchung der transformativen Auswirkungen digitaler Technologien auf die Landschaft der Verwaltung. Das Buch befasst sich mit der Entwicklung der elektronischen Verwaltung und ihren tiefgreifenden Auswirkungen auf die Effizienz, Transparenz und Inklusivität der Verwaltungstätigkeit. Anhand einer sorgfältigen Analyse von Fallstudien und Beispielen aus der Praxis zeigt der Autor auf, wie Fortschritte in der Informationstechnologie Verwaltungsprozesse, Kommunikationskanäle und die Einbindung der Bürger verändert haben. Von der Digitalisierung öffentlicher Dienstleistungen bis hin zur Umsetzung innovativer datengestützter Entscheidungsfindung bietet das Buch einen umfassenden Überblick über die verschiedenen Facetten von E-Governance. Geschrieben in einem zugänglichen und informativen Stil, dient "Era of E-Governance" als unschätzbare Ressource für politische Entscheidungsträger, Akademiker und alle, die daran interessiert sind, die dynamische Schnittmenge von Technologie und Governance in der heutigen Zeit zu verstehen. Es gibt einige Beispiele, die Ihnen eine Vorstellung von den verschiedenen Themen geben, die wir behandeln. Das Buch ist ein Versuch, diese verschiedenen Aspekte in einem einzigen Band zusammenzufassen.

"Africa: A Caged Continent" by Professor John C. Mupala is a profound exploration of Africa's history, unraveling the intricate chains that have confined the continent. From the colonial legacies and broken promises of independence to the economic exploitation and cultural distortions, the book navigates through the complexities of Africa's past. It delves into grassroots movements, civil society dynamics, and the paradoxes of leadership, examining the continent's struggle for genuine autonomy. The narrative extends to the contemporary neo-colonial web, exploring external influences and the challenges of navigating a globalized world. With a reflective gaze on broken promises and a quest for genuine independence, the book culminates in an optimistic call for liberation, urging Africa to reclaim its agency and chart a future defined by autonomy, dignity, and true self-determination.

Kniga "Jera älektronnogo uprawleniq" - äto zahwatywaüschee issledowanie preobrazuüschego wliqniq cifrowyh tehnologij na landshaft uprawleniq. Kniga poswqschena äwolücii älektronnogo uprawleniq i ego glubokim posledstwiqm dlq äffektiwnosti, prozrachnosti i inklüziwnosti prawitel'stwennyh operacij. Blagodarq tschatel'nomu analizu tematicheskih issledowanij i real'nyh primerow awtor ob#qsnqet, kak dostizheniq w oblasti informacionnyh tehnologij izmenili administratiwnye processy, kanaly swqzi i wowlechennost' grazhdan. Ot ocifrowki gosudarstwennyh uslug do wnedreniq innowacionnyh metodow prinqtiq reshenij na osnowe dannyh - w knige predstawlen wseob#emlüschij obzor razlichnyh aspektow älektronnogo prawitel'stwa. Napisannaq w dostupnom i informatiwnom stile, "Jera älektronnogo uprawleniq" sluzhit bescennym istochnikom informacii dlq politikow, uchenyh i wseh, kto zainteresowan w ponimanii dinamichnogo peresecheniq tehnologij i uprawleniq w sowremennuü äpohu. Neskol'ko primerow mogut dat' wam predstawlenie o razlichnyh temah, kotorye my osweschaem. Kniga predstawlqet soboj popytku sobrat' äti razlichnye aspekty w odnom tome.

Die Brüche in den westlichen Gesellschaften nehmen zu. Profiteure sind Parteien des rechten Spektrums. Ökonomische Erklärungsversuche greifen zu kurz: Der Westen befindet sich in einer Sinnkrise, die das rechtspopulistische Spektrum zu nutzen weiß.

Das Buch beschreibt die politischen Institutionen des Landes Glarus und deren Amtsinhaber aus der Frühzeit bis am 1.1.2024. Das Buch ist zweisprachig Deutsch und Englisch und die Amtsinhaber in den zahlreichen Verzeichnissen sind im Genealogiewerk von Kubly-Müller, welches im Landesarchiv von Glarus aufbewahrt wird, aufgeführt und entsprechend referenziert.

This book uses several fantasy movies or movie series and television series to explain political and international relations (IR) concepts and theories. It begins with an overview of the importance of fantasy in literature, film and television, and its increasing impact on the field of International Relations. It then presents the political, IR, and social issues in each franchise, and in five chapters uses these tales¿ key story arcs or plot points to illustrate major political and IR themes. The volume pays particular attention to such fantasy franchises as Lord of the Rings, Game of Thrones, the Harry Potter films, recent fairytale and children¿s stories, and female-led fantasy projects.

While electoral participation is a traditional topic in political science, voter turnout at the local level is still largely uncharted. There are very few large-N comparative works on municipal turnout and, as a result, a lack of a comprehensive comparative picture of local electoral participation. This book aims to fill that gap by taking an innovative approach to the topic. The volume makes three major advances at the empirical, methodological and theoretical levels. Empirically, it provides a large-N comparison by covering 18 European countries and more than 70,000 municipalities. Methodologically, the book uses the multi-level congruence theory to study municipal turnout in relation to national turnout, exploring the variation between those levels. Theoretically, it bridges the two main (and often mutually exclusive) strands in the literature on local elections ¿ the lower-rank and different-kind approaches ¿ and it assesses the features and mechanisms of local voting.