Natur

This volume is the first (I) of four under the main themes of Digitizing Agriculture and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The four volumes cover rapidly developing processes including Sensors (I), Data (II), Decision (III), and Actions (IV). Volumes are related to ¿digital transformation¿ within agricultural production and provision systems, and in the context of Smart Farming Technology and Knowledge-based Agriculture. Content spans broadly from data mining and visualization to big data analytics and decision making, alongside with the sustainability aspects stemming from the digital transformation of farming. The four volumes comprise the outcome of the 12th EFITA Congress, also incorporating chapters that originated from select presentations of the Congress. The focus in this volume is on different aspects of sensors implementation in agricultural production (e.g., types of sensors, parameters monitoring, network types, connectivity, accuracy, reliability, durability, and needs to be covered) and provides variety of information and knowledge in the subject of sensors design, development, and deployment for monitoring agricultural production parameters. The book consists of four (4) Sections. The first section presents an overview on the state-off-the art in sensing technologies applied in agricultural production while the rest of the sections are dedicated to remote sensing, proximal sensing, and wireless sensor networks applications.Topics include: Emerging sensing technologies Soil reflectance spectroscopy LoRa technologies applications in agricultureWireless sensor networks deployment and applications Combined remote and proximal sensing solutions Crop phenology monitoring Sensors for geophysical properties Combined sensing technologies with geoinformation systems

Fungi range from being microscopic, single-celled yeasts to multicellular and heterotrophic in nature. Fungal communities have been found in vast ranges of environmental conditions. They can be associated with plants epiphytically, endophytically, or rhizospherically. Extreme environments represent unique ecosystems that harbor novel biodiversity of fungal communities. Interest in the exploration of fungal diversity has been spurred by the fact that fungi perform numerous functions integral in sustaining the biosphere, ranging from nutrient cycling to environmental detoxification, which involves processes like augmentation, supplementation, and recycling of plant nutrients--a particularly important process in sustainable agriculture. Fungal communities from natural and extreme habitats help promote plant growth, enhance crop yield, and soil fertility via direct or indirect plant growth promoting (PGP) mechanisms of solubilization of phosphorus, potassium, and zinc, production of ammonia, hydrogen cyanides, phytohormones, Fe-chelating compounds, extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, and bioactive secondary metabolites. These PGP fungi could be used as biofertilizers, bioinoculants, and biocontrol agents in place of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in eco-friendly manners for sustainable agriculture and environments. Along with agricultural applications, medically important fungi play significant role for human health. Fungal communities are useful for sustainable environments as they are used for bioremediation which is the use of microorganisms' metabolism to degrading waste contaminants (sewage, domestic, and industrial effluents) into non-toxic or less toxic materials by natural biological processes. Fungi could be used as mycoremediation for the future of environmental sustainability. Fungi and fungal products have the biochemical and ecological capability to degrade environmental organic chemicalsand to decrease the risk associated with metals, semi-metals, and noble metals either by chemical modification or by manipulating chemical bioavailability. The two volumes of "Recent Trends in Mycological Research¿ aim to provide an understanding of fungal communities from diverse environmental habitats and their potential applications in agriculture, medical, environments and industry. The books are useful to scientists, researchers, and students involved in microbiology, biotechnology, agriculture, molecular biology, environmental biology and related subjects.

Dieses Lehrbuch richtet sich an Studierende der Meteorologie sowie an Forschende zu theoretischen und numerischen Aspekten von Wetter und Klima. Der vorliegende Text konzentriert sich auf das Wesentliche und bleibt dabei gleichermaßen gründlich. Alle zum Verständnis notwendigen physikalischen Konzepte werden eingeführt.Einleitend erfolgt eine Herleitung der Grundgleichungen der Atmosphärendynamik. Diese werden nachfolgend herangezogen, um wesentliche Aspekte von Wetter und Klima zu erläutern, zu denen unter anderem die Mechanismen hinter den wirbelartigen Bewegungen auf der täglichen Wetterkarte gehören. Als Mittel zu einer effizienten Analyse von atmosphärischen Wellen folgt die Vereinfachung der Dynamik mithilfe der Flachwassergleichungen. Daraufhin wird unter Zuhilfenahme der quasigeostrophischen Theorie das Auftreten extratropischer Wettersysteme begründet. Dem schließt sich eine ausführliche Betrachtung der globalen atmosphärischen Zirkulation an, die maßgeblich dem Einfluss durch Rossby- und Schwerewellen unterliegt. Auch die spezifischen Eigenschaften der atmosphärischen Grenzschicht werden diskutiert. Im Mittelpunkt steht hier die Wechselwirkung zwischen Turbulenz und mittlerer Strömung.Im Zuge der Betrachtungen wird die Leserschaft mit wesentlichen theoretischen Konzepten des Gebiets vertraut gemacht. Hierzu zählen Entropie und potentielle Temperatur, potentielle Vorticity, Instabilitätstheorie, Reynoldsgleichungen, Mehrskalenasymptotik, WKB-Theorie, Wellenwirkung, Eliassen-Palm-Fluss, transformiertes Eulermittel, kritische Schichten, Wellenbeugung und vieles mehr.Der Text wird durch Anhänge zu mathematischen Methoden und weiteren Vertiefungen ergänzt. Kapitelzusammenfassungen helfen, den Blick auf das Wesentliche zu bewahren. Ergänzende Leseempfehlungen regen dazu an, das erworbene Wissen zu vertiefen und zu erweitern.

This book introduces the fundamentals of research methods and how they apply to the discipline of urban and regional planning. Written at a level appropriate for upper-level undergraduate and beginning master¿s level students, the text fills a gap in the literature for textbooks on urban planning. Additionally, the book can be used as a reference for planning practitioners and researchers when analyzing quantitative and qualitative data in urban and regional planning and related fields.The volume does not assume advanced knowledge of mathematical formulas. Rather, it begins with the essentials of research methods, such as the identification of the research problems in planning, the literature review, data collection and presentation, descriptive data analysis, and report of findings. Its discipline-specific topics include field research methods, qualitative data analysis, economic and demographic analysis, evaluation research, and methods in sub-disciplines such as land use planning, transportation planning, environmental planning, and housing analysis. Designed with instruction in mind, this book features downloadable materials, including learning outcomes, chapter highlights, chapter review questions, datasets, and certain Excel models. Students will be able to download review questions to enhance the learning process and datasets to practice methods.

Education has undergone a series of changes based on the new technologies, strategies, and best practices that have been developed in recent years. Specifically, the way various subjects are taught has developed considerably as education turns toward a more digital approach. Geography education is no different and has had to adjust to these innovative practices in order to provide students with the best possible curricula. Didactic Strategies and Resources for Innovative Geography Teaching presents educational strategies and resources to promote cross-disciplinary approaches to teaching geographic knowledge and skills. The book also discusses how geography education boosts essential cognitive and attitudinal processes in personal development, fosters critical thinking, and builds a society committed to its environment. Covering key topics such as mobile learning, natural learning environments, and geographic information systems, this reference work is ideal for teachers, geographers, researchers, scholars, academicians, practitioners, instructors, and students.

Climate change and its impact on society is considered one of the most important factors in understanding social and economic variables. Changing patterns in ecosystems, populations, and economic sectors form a perfect system for the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. In order to understand how these goals can be addressed, further study on the current tactics and initiatives is required. Climate Change, World Consequences, and the Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 discusses the impact of climate change on the environment and the prospects for citizens, cities, and industry. The book also conducts an analysis of climate change to understand how society is coping and its effect on economic sectors. Moreover, it examines current strategies for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and mitigating the negative impact on the environment. Covering a range of topics such as energy, global warming, and smart cities, this reference work is ideal for policymakers, environmentalists, government officials, practitioners, academicians, scholars, researchers, instructors, and students.

PART I Chapter 1 Approach For Ecological Landscape And Urban Biodiversity.- Chapter 2 Diversity And Design On A Former Freight Rail-Yard.- Chapter 3 Biodiversity In The Day To Day Practice Of The Landscape Architect.- Chapter 4 Edible Landscapes: Relocalising Food And Bringing Nature Into North London.- Chapter 5 Landscape Design For Nature Restoration And In Urban Areas In Japan -Planning Process Of Designing A River Bank Fishway And Surroundings-.- PART II Chapter 6 Nature In The Cities - Places For Play And Learning.- Chapter 7 Greening School Grounds: Schools'' Role In A Biodiversity Process.- Chapter 8 Nature Environment And Management For Children''S Play And Learning In Kindergarten In Urban Forest, Kyoto, Japan.- Chapter 9 Ecological Evaluation Of Landscape Components Of The Tokushima Central Park Through Red-Clawed Crab (Chiromantes Haematocheir).- Chapter 10 Developing Urban Green Spaces And Effective Use Of Rooftop Spaces For Cooling And Urban Biodiversity.- PART III Chapter 11 Addressing Climate Change And Biodiversity Loss From An Urban Perspective: Linking Climate Co-Benefits And Urban Ecosystem Services In Sao Paulo City, Brazil.- Chapter 12 Evaluation Of Habitat Functions Of Fragmented Urban Forests For Wildlife  ~ The Case Of Kitakyushu City.- Chapter 13 The Effects And Functions Of Spatial And Structural Characteristics Of Shrine Forests As Urban Green Space.- Chapter 14 Green Infrastructure As A Planning Response To Urban Warming A Case Study Of Taipei Metropolis.- Chapter 15 Green Infrastructure Planning For Asian Cities: The Planning Strategies, Guidelines, And Recommendations.

This book explores the contributions of East Asian traditions, particularly Buddhism and Daoism, to environmental philosophy in dialogue with European philosophy. It critically examines the conceptions of human responsibility toward nature and across time presented within these traditions.