Bücher der Reihe Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

The fields of rare diseases research and orphan products development continue to expand with more products in research and development status.

This book discusses the main stem cell niches under distinct pathophysiological conditions. The role of tissue microenvironments in stem cell regulation, as well as modern methodologies and new techniques for the identification and characterization of stem cell niches, are discussed by leading experts in the field.

This book is the first comprehensive review of drebrin, which plays pivotal roles in various cellular events, via forming unique actin cytoskeletons, including synapse formation and in synaptic function.

Recent advances in the molecular biology and physiology of water transport have yielded new insights into how and why water moves across cell membranes, and studies on aquaporin knockout mouse models suggest that aquaporins are involved in the development of some diseases and they may be useful targets of research into selective-inhibitor drugs.

Lastly, immune cells can destructively or protectively participate in human metabolic homeostasis or disorders.This book summarizes immune-metabolism from a variety of different perspectives, including the ways in which metabolic cues, pathways, and requirements of immune cells change in conditions of homeostasis and activation.

This book focuses on the health impacts of air pollution in China, especially the epidemiology-based exposure-response functions for the mortality, morbidity, and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, and mental health related to pollution.

This book offers a comprehensive introduction to translational efforts in breast cancer, addressing the latest approaches to precision medicine based on the current state of understanding of breast cancer.

This book systemically presents the latest research on renal fibrosis, covering all the major topics in the field, including the possible mechanisms, biomarkers, and strategies for prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

This second edition emphasizes the environmental impact on reproduction, with updated chapters throughout as well as complete new chapters on species such as sharks and rays.

This contributed volume contains 25 chapters from leading international scientists working on dengue and Zika viruses, who came together in Praia do Tofo in Mozambique to discuss the latest developments in the fields of epidemiology, pathogenesis, structural virology, immunology, antiviral drug discovery and development, vaccine efficacy, and mosquito control programs. The meeting venue offered an opportunity to discuss current research on these flaviviruses in an idyllic setting, and also to develop first-hand appreciation of the issues in infectious diseases facing developing countries and of the research gaps in Africa.For readers, who should include basic and clinical researchers in the field and public health professionals, the chapters are organized to provide a comprehensive overview of the various topics in current dengue and Zika virus research.A unique feature of the proceedings of this meeting is the inclusion of the discussions that took place following presentations. These have been transcribed and appended to the end of the relevant chapters, and they form the "salt in the soup" of this book.

Being a complex disease that affects millions of people world over, cancer research has assumed great significance.

This book describes the many recent developments that have revealed completely different roles of distinct stem cells within the same organ. Stem Cells Heterogeneity in Different Organs provides a timely update on the current information on stem cells heterogeneity in various tissues.

This book introduces and reviews several topics for each human herpesvirus. Since the discovery of each human herpesvirus, an abundance of findings related to them has accumulated in basic research and clinical medicine.

It covers our current understanding of the HBV genome and lifecycle, liver-enriched factors in the regulation of HBV transcription and translation, HBV protein structures and biological functions, and the immunology and pathogenesis of HBV.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the role of neuroglia in neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, to highlight the function of neuroglia in different types of neurodegenerative disease, it also discusses their mechanisms and effects on protecting or damaging neurons.

This book describes the Notch signaling pathway with a focus on molecular mechanisms.

Gliomas, developing in the brain from the transformed glial cells, are a very special kind of tumor, extremely refractory to conventional treatments. Therefore, for the development of new antitumor strategies, a better understanding of molecular mechanisms responsible for their biology, growth and invasion is still needed. This book is a reference on cellular signaling processes regulating gliomas physiology and invasiveness. The work is focused on the mechanism of nucleotide receptor activation by exogenous nucleotides and formation of complex signaling cascades induced by growth factors, cytokines and cannabinoids. The second edition of the book enriched in new chapters provides a framework explaining how signal transduction elements may modulate numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations, describes the role of local microenvironment in cellular growth, progression and invasion and, in the light of extensive new results, presents perspectives concerning potential targets for gliomas therapy.

The book provides an overview on the different aspects of gene regulation from an mRNA centric viewpoint, including how mRNA is assembled and self-assembles in a complex consisting of RNA and proteins, and how its ability to be translated at the right time and space depends on many processes acting on the mRNAs, leading to a properly folded complex. This book shows how new technologies have led to a better understanding of these processes and their connected diseases.The book is written for scientists in fundamental and applied biomedical research working on different aspects of gene regulation. It is also targeted to an audience that is not implicated in these fields directly, but wants to gain a better understanding of mRNA biology.

This edited volume explores the use of technology to enable us to visualise the life sciences in a more meaningful and engaging way. It will enable those interested in visualisation techniques to gain a better understanding of the applications that can be used in visualisation, imaging and analysis, education, engagement and training.The reader will be able to explore the utilisation of technologies from a number of fields to enable an engaging and meaningful visual representation of the biomedical sciences, with a focus in this volume related to anatomy, and clinically applied scenarios.The first four chapters highlight the diverse uses of CT and MRI scanning. These chapters demonstrate the uses of modern scanning techniques currently in use both clinically and in research and include vascular modelling, uses of the stereoscopic model, MRI in neurovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and how they can also be used in a forensic setting in identification.The remaining six chapters truly demonstrate the diversity technology has in education, training and patient engagement. Multimodal technologies are discussed and include art and history collections, photogrammetry and games engines, augmented reality and review of the current literature for patient rehabilitation and education of the health professions. These chapters really do provide ¿something for everyone¿ whether you are a student, faculty member, or part of our curious global population interested in technology and healthcare.

Nevertheless, cancer cells are capable of taking advantage of this metabolic and signaling microenvironmental dynamics.In this book, we intend to present the different components of the microenvironment driving the metabolic fitness of cancer cells.

In this book, readers will find the latest expert knowledge on all aspects of tau biology, including the structure and role of the tau molecule, tau localization and function, the pathology, drivers, and markers of tauopathies, tau aggregation, and treatments targeting tau.

The discussion of myelin pathology encompasses a wide range of diseases and conditions, including, for example, multiple sclerosis, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries, brain tumors of glial cell origin, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, immune-mediated neuropathy, and diabetic neuropathy.

This book reviews all important aspects of anxiety disorders with the aim of shedding new light on these disorders through combined understanding of traditional and novel paradigms.

This book equips young immunologists and health professionals with a clear understanding of the fundamental concepts and roles of co-signal molecules and in addition presents the latest information on co-stimulation.

Detailed attention is also paid to the applications of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data science technology in psychiatry and to their role in the development of new hypotheses, which in turn promise to lead to new discoveries and treatments.

It will be of high value for researchers who plan to build an RPPA platform in their institute and for researchers, clinicians, and companies who use RPPA through collaboration with an existing RPPA facility.

The 9th International Symposium on Yersinia was held in Lexington, Kentucky, USA, in October 2006. In addition to 37 oral presentations, there were 150 poster presentations. This Symposium volume is based on selected presentations from the meeting and contains both reviews and research articles.

Basic Science Underlying Retinal Degeneration.- Analysis of Genes Differentially Expressed During Retinal Degeneration in Three Mouse Models.- Regulation of Angiogenesis by Macrophages.- Protein Kinase C Regulates Rod Photoreceptor Differentiation Through Modulation of STAT3 Signaling.- Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor Receptor (PEDF-R): A Plasma Membrane-linked Phospholipase with PEDF Binding Affinity.- The Function of Oligomerization-Incompetent RDS in Rods.- The Association Between Telomere Length and Sensitivity to Apoptosis of HUVEC.- Photoreceptor Guanylate Cyclases and cGMP Phosphodiesterases in Zebrafish.- RDS in Cones Does Not Interact with the Beta Subunit of the Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Channel.- Increased Expression of TGF-?1 and Smad 4 on Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy in Neonatal Mice.- ZBED4, A Novel Retinal Protein Expressed in Cones and Müller Cells.- Tubby-Like Protein 1 (Tulp1) Is Required for Normal Photoreceptor Synaptic Development.- Growth-Associated Protein43 (GAP43) Is a Biochemical Marker for the Whole Period of Fish Optic Nerve Regeneration.- Multiprotein Complexes of Retinitis Pigmentosa GTPase Regulator (RPGR), a Ciliary Protein Mutated in X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa (XLRP).- Misfolded Proteins and Retinal Dystrophies.- Neural Retina and MerTK-Independent Apical Polarity of ?v?5 Integrin Receptors in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium.- Mertk in Daily Retinal Phagocytosis: A History in the Making.- The Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding (IRBP) Is Essential for Normal Retinoid Processing in Cone Photoreceptors.- Aseptic Injury to Epithelial Cells Alters Cell Surface Complement Regulation in a Tissue Specific Fashion.- Role of Metalloproteases in Retinal Degeneration Induced by Violet and Blue Light.- Mitochondrial Decay and Impairment of Antioxidant Defenses in Aging RPE Cells.- Ciliary Transport of Opsin.- Effect of Hesperidin on Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Cultured Rabbit Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.- Profiling MicroRNAs Differentially Expressed in Rabbit Retina.- Unexpected Transcriptional Activity of the Human VMD2 Promoter in Retinal Development.- Microarray Analysis of Hyperoxia Stressed Mouse Retina: Differential Gene Expression in the Inferior and Superior Region.- Photoreceptor Sensory Cilia and Inherited Retinal Degeneration.- Role of Elovl4 Protein in the Biosynthesis of Docosahexaenoic Acid.- Molecular Genetics and Candidate Genes.- Molecular Pathogenesis of Achromatopsia Associated with Mutations in the Cone Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel CNGA3 Subunit.- Mutation Spectra in Autosomal Dominant and Recessive Retinitis Pigmentosa in Northern Sweden.- 1 Rhodopsin Mutations in Congenital Night Blindness.- GCAP1 Mutations Associated with Autosomal Dominant Cone Dystrophy.- Genotypic Analysis of X-linked Retinoschisis in Western Australia.- Mutation Frequency of IMPDH1 Gene of Han Population in Ganzhou City.- Diagnostic, Clinical, Cytopathological and Physiologic Aspects of Retinal Degeneration.- Reversible and Size-Selective Opening of the Inner Blood-Retina Barrier: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy.- Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Adaptive Optics: Imaging Photoreceptor Layer Morphology to Interpret Preclinical Phenotypes.- Pharmacological Manipulation of Rhodopsin Retinitis Pigmentosa.- Targeted High-Throughput DNA Sequencing for Gene Discovery in Retinitis Pigmentosa.- Advances in Imaging of Stargardt Disease.- Protamine Sulfate Downregulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Expression and Inhibits VEGF and Its Receptor Binding in Vitro.- Computer-Assisted Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Mouse Choroidal Density.- Thioredoxins 1 and 2 Protect Retinal Ganglion Cells from Pharmacologically Induced Oxidative Stress, Optic Nerve Transection and Ocular Hypertension.- Near-Infrared Light Protect the Photoreceptor from Light-Induced Damage in Rats.- BDNF Improves the Efficacy ERG Amplitude Maintenance by Transplantation of Retinal Stem Cells in RCS Rats.-

The evidence to support academic interest and clinical applications lies in significant part within the chapters of this book, chapters written by noted experts in the field who have worked diligently to understand the molecules and to move them toward clinical applications.