Bücher der Reihe Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

Topics in Part III include the role of sumoylation in developmental abnormalities (craniofacial and cardiovascular), diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and infections with viruses and bacteria.Each of the corresponding chapter authors is an active researcher who has made significant contributions to understanding sumoylation.

Numerous studies have shown that elevated levels of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood of cancer patients are associated with poor response to treatment and inferior survival probabilities.

This book critically evaluates the causal link between cell division machinery and disease. Cell Division Machinery and Disease is essential reading for graduate or advanced graduate students, researchers or scientists working on cell division as well as clinicians interested in the molecular mechanisms of the discussed diseases.

Cardiovascular immunology is a newly emerging research area, investigating the crosstalk between the cardiovascular and the immune system. This crosstalk is evident through (1) crucial immunological capacities and functions of cardiovascular cell types, including cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes and cardiac resident macrophages, (2) the impact of aberrant immune function on the development of cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis, direct and indirect immune-mediated heart disease and vasculitis, and (3) the crucial role of the immune system in cardiac repair and regeneration. The Immunology of Cardiovascular Homeostasis and Pathology covers all these aspects of cardiovascular immunology, starting with homeostatic immunological functions of traditional cardiovascular cell types, and moving then to the role of the immune system in cardiovascular pathology and to recent research into targeting the immune system to boost cardiac healing and regeneration.

Research into and interest in the role of stromal cells in immunology has exploded over the past 15 years.

This book provides a comprehensive review of the major barriers to HIV cure and vaccine. It covers the fundamental virology and immunology leading to HIV transmission, protection from infection and long term HIV persistence on antiretroviral therapy.

This book contributes to better understand how lifestyle modulations can effectively halt the emergence and progression of human diseases.

The book contains the refereed contributions from the 45th Annual Meeting of the International Society on Oxygen Transport to Tissue (ISOTT) 2017. This volume covers cross-disciplinary work on a broad range of topics related to the dynamics of oxygen transport: microcirculation and vascular medicine; O2 deficiency and its impact on molecular processes in cells and tissues; cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function; multimodal functional imaging; mathematical modeling; the clinical relevance of oxygen supply as well as therapeutic interventions (e.g. in oncology or critical care medicine). The annual meetings of ISOTT bring together scientists from diverse fields (medicine, physiology, mathematics, biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, etc.) in a unique international forum. The book includes sections on brain oxygenation and function, NIRS oxygenation measurements, tumor oxygenation, cell metabolism, tissue oxygenation and treatment, methodical aspects of O2 measurements and physicochemical aspects of oxygen diffusion.Chapters 3, 24, 49 and 51 of this book are open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.

This book reviews the most recent developments in the field of osteochondral tissue engineering (OCTE) and presents challenges and strategies being developed that face not only bone and cartilage regeneration, but also establish osteochondral interface formation in order to translate it into a clinical setting.

Different types of adult stem cells for therapeutic applications are also reviewed, including hematopoietic stem cells, epidermal stem cells, endothelial progenitors, neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and very small embryonic-like stem cells.

Given these limitations and increase in health care costs associated with such therapies, it is essential to identify patients who are likely to respond to immunotherapy and those who are at a risk for developing treatment-related side effects.

This book summarizes all the important aspects of CRLs (Cullin-RING E3 Ubiquitin Ligases), while providing details of mechanistic specifics that go beyond protein ubiquitination and neddylation.

C-type Lectin Receptors in Antifungal Immunity.- Immune recognition of pathogen-derived glycolipids through Mincle.- CLEC5A: A promiscuous pattern recognition receptor to microbes and beyond.- Collectins: Innate immune pattern recognition molecules.- Insect C-type lectins in microbial infections.- Galectins in Host Defense against Microbial Infections.- Galectins in Host-Pathogen Interactions: Structural, Functional and Evolutionary Aspects.- Siglecs at the Host-Pathogen Interface.- Siglecs that associate with DAP12.

This book discusses novel concepts and discoveries concerning the regulation of innate immunity by autophagy and autophagy-related proteins.

Revealing essential roles of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on how different signaling pathways are important in the tumor microenvironment.

1. Novel techniques to study the bone-tumor microenvironment2. An emerging model for cancer development from a tumor microenvironment perspective in mice and humans3. Effects of Exercise on the Tumour Microenvironment4. Effects of inhaled tobacco smoke on the pulmonary tumor microenvironment5. Multimodal molecular imaging of the tumour microenvironment6. Necrosis in the tumor microenvironment and its role in cancer recurrence7. The Multifaceted Effects of Autophagy on the Tumor Microenvironment8. The Sociobiology of Brain Tumors9. Tumor microenvironment conditioning by abortive lytic replication of oncogenic ╬│-herpesviruses10. The microbiome as a component of the tumor microenvironmentIndex

Chapter 1: The intestinal tumour microenvironmentChapter 2: Gastric Tumor MicroenvironmentChapter 3: Parathyroid tumor microenvironmentChapter 4: Microenvironment in Cardiac Tumor Development: What Lies Beyond the Event Horizon?Chapter 5: The roles of bone marrow-resident cells as a microenvironment for bone metastasisChapter 6: Adipose tumor microenvironmentChapter 7: Appendix Tumor MicroenvironmentChapter 8: Spinal cord tumor microenvironmentChapter 9: Cancer stem cell niche and immune-active tumor microenvironment in testicular germ cell tumorsChapter 10: Tumor microenvironment in skin carcinogenesisIndex 

In addition, laboratory and clinical studies have confirmed that the chemical components of Ganoderma, such as Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptides and triterpenes isolated from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum, produce diverse pharmacological effects.

Revealing essential roles of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, this book focuses on the role of hematopoietic components of the tumor microenvironment.

Revealing essential roles of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, this volume focuses on non-hematopoietic cells within the tumor microenvironment.Further, it teaches readers about the roles of distinct constituents of the tumor microenvironment and how they affect cancer development.

1. Notch signalling and embryology: an introduction2. Notch signaling and embryonic development: an ancient friend, revisited3. The Five Faces of Notch Signalling During Drosophila melanogaster Embryonic CNS Development4. Epigenetic regulation of Notch signaling during Drosophila development5. Regulation of proneural wave propagation through a combination of Notch-mediated lateral inhibition and EGF-mediated reaction diffusion6. A nucleolar protein, Nepro, is essential for the maintenance of early neural stem cells and preimplantation embryos7. The role of Notch signaling in leg development in Drosophila melanogaster8. Notch pathway and inherited diseases: challenge and promiseIndex

Revealing essential roles of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on the role of chemokines in the tumor microenvironment.

Revealing essential roles of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on the role of interleukins in the tumor microenvironment.

This thoroughly revised second edition is an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of Notch and Notch signaling in embryology and cancer.

This book systematically reviews the most important findings on cancer immune checkpoints, sharing essential insights into this rapidly evolving yet largely unexplored research topic.

This book provides an overview of the etiology of coronary artery disease and focuses on the main therapies and drug interventions currently available. It highlights drug pharmacology and therapeutic challenges, with a special emphasis on the underlying principles of available therapeutics and the on-going development of drugs for coronary artery disease.The book is divided into eight chapters, the first of which describes the classical mechanism of coronary artery disease and its clinical presentations. Chapter 2 lists the principles of and related evidence on the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease. This includes diet and lifestyle management, and guidelines for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome and stable coronary artery disease. In turn, Chapter 3 describes revascularization treatments, covering percutaneous coronary interventions, coronary artery bypass grafts and thrombolysis. This chapter also addresses the main therapeutic challenges.The following chapters provide an overview of three major categories of coronary artery disease drugs, which target thrombosis (Chapter 4), lipid metabolism (Chapter 5), and hypertension (Chapter 6). Heart failure constitutes the major health burden in the late stage of coronary artery disease; accordingly, current heart failure therapeutics and related drug pharmacology are described in Chapter 7. In closing, Chapter 8 provides a summary of on-going clinical trials for coronary artery disease drug development and discusses a number of promising areas in which intensive research into new therapeutics is being pursued.Given its scope, the book will be of interest to clinicians, medical students and research scientists, as well as to pharmaceutical professionals who are seeking new therapies and drugs for coronary artery disease and related disorders.

In this book, renowned scientists describe how cholesterol interacts with various proteins. In the second part of the book, examples of cholesterol binding sites and consequences of specific cholesterol recognition for protein function are presented for G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels and cholesterol-transporting proteins.

Together with its companion volumes Pericyte Biology in Different Organs and Pericyte Biology - Novel Concepts, Pericyte Biology in Disease presents a comprehensive update on the latest information and most novel functions attributed to pericytes.

Phagocytosis is the engulfment of particulate matter by cells. It is a fundamental (and probably ¿primitive¿) cell biological process which is important in single celled organisms such as amoeba; multicellular animals including coelenterates; and in higher animals. In humans and other mammals, specialised immune cells (phagocytes) utilise phagocytosis in their crucial role of engulfing and destroying infecting microbes. Yet, surprisingly, the biophysics and biochemistry underlying the process has only become clear recently with the advent of genetic manipulation and advances in single cell imaging. In this volume, the aim is to bring together recent fundamental advances that give a clear picture of the underlying mechanism involved in phagocytosis. Not only is this an important topic in its own right, but a full understanding of the process will have a potential impact on human medicine, since as antibiotics become less effective in fight infection, researchers are looking at alternative approaches, including enhancing the ¿natural¿ immunity brought about by immune phagocytes.The aim is to provide a comprehensive volume on the topic, with separate chapters on identified recent advances, each written by the major contributors in each area. In addition, the volume will attempt to give a wider overview than is often the case in single author reviews, with an emphasis here on the cell biological understanding of phagocytosis using biophysical approaches alongside the biochemical and imaging approaches.