Bücher der Reihe Annals of Mathematics Studies

Introduces methods in the theory of partial differential equations derivable from a Lagrangian. This book develops a general theory of integral identities, the theory of "compatible currents," which extends the work of E Noether.

Written for advanced undergraduate and first-year graduate students, this book aims to introduce students to a serious level of p-adic analysis with important implications for number theory. The main object is the study of G-series, that is, power series y=aij=0 Ajxj with coefficients in an algebraic number field K. These series satisfy a linear differential equation Ly=0 with LIK(x) [d/dx] and have non-zero radii of convergence for each imbedding of K into the complex numbers. They have the further property that the common denominators of the first s coefficients go to infinity geometrically with the index s. After presenting a review of valuation theory and elementary p-adic analysis together with an application to the congruence zeta function, this book offers a detailed study of the p-adic properties of formal power series solutions of linear differential equations. In particular, the p-adic radii of convergence and the p-adic growth of coefficients are studied. Recent work of Christol, Bombieri, Andre, and Dwork is treated and augmented. The book concludes with Chudnovsky's theorem: the analytic continuation of a G -series is again a G -series. This book will be indispensable for those wishing to study the work of Bombieri and Andre on global relations and for the study of the arithmetic properties of solutions of ordinary differential equations.

The subject matter of this work is an area of Lorentzian geometry which has not been heretofore much investigated: Do there exist Lorentzian manifolds all of whose light-like geodesics are periodic? A surprising fact is that such manifolds exist in abundance in (2 + 1)-dimensions (though in higher dimensions they are quite rare). This book is concerned with the deformation theory of M2,1 (which furnishes almost all the known examples of these objects). It also has a section describing conformal invariants of these objects, the most interesting being the determinant of a two dimensional "e;Floquet operator,"e; invented by Paneitz and Segal.

The first part of this monograph is devoted to a characterization of hypergeometric-like functions, that is, twists of hypergeometric functions in n-variables. These are treated as an (n+1) dimensional vector space of multivalued locally holomorphic functions defined on the space of n+3 tuples of distinct points on the projective line P modulo, the diagonal section of Auto P=m. For n=1, the characterization may be regarded as a generalization of Riemann's classical theorem characterizing hypergeometric functions by their exponents at three singular points. This characterization permits the authors to compare monodromy groups corresponding to different parameters and to prove commensurability modulo inner automorphisms of PU(1,n). The book includes an investigation of elliptic and parabolic monodromy groups, as well as hyperbolic monodromy groups. The former play a role in the proof that a surprising number of lattices in PU(1,2) constructed as the fundamental groups of compact complex surfaces with constant holomorphic curvature are in fact conjugate to projective monodromy groups of hypergeometric functions. The characterization of hypergeometric-like functions by their exponents at the divisors "e;at infinity"e; permits one to prove generalizations in n-variables of the Kummer identities for n-1 involving quadratic and cubic changes of the variable.

Toric varieties are algebraic varieties arising from elementary geometric and combinatorial objects such as convex polytopes in Euclidean space with vertices on lattice points. Since many algebraic geometry notions such as singularities, birational maps, cycles, homology, intersection theory, and Riemann-Roch translate into simple facts about polytopes, toric varieties provide a marvelous source of examples in algebraic geometry. In the other direction, general facts from algebraic geometry have implications for such polytopes, such as to the problem of the number of lattice points they contain. In spite of the fact that toric varieties are very special in the spectrum of all algebraic varieties, they provide a remarkably useful testing ground for general theories. The aim of this mini-course is to develop the foundations of the study of toric varieties, with examples, and describe some of these relations and applications. The text concludes with Stanley's theorem characterizing the numbers of simplicies in each dimension in a convex simplicial polytope. Although some general theorems are quoted without proof, the concrete interpretations via simplicial geometry should make the text accessible to beginners in algebraic geometry.

On Knots is a journey through the theory of knots, starting from the simplest combinatorial ideas--ideas arising from the representation of weaving patterns. From this beginning, topological invariants are constructed directly: first linking numbers, then the Conway polynomial and skein theory. This paves the way for later discussion of the recently discovered Jones and generalized polynomials. The central chapter, Chapter Six, is a miscellany of topics and recreations. Here the reader will find the quaternions and the belt trick, a devilish rope trick, Alhambra mosaics, Fibonacci trees, the topology of DNA, and the author's geometric interpretation of the generalized Jones Polynomial.Then come branched covering spaces, the Alexander polynomial, signature theorems, the work of Casson and Gordon on slice knots, and a chapter on knots and algebraic singularities.The book concludes with an appendix about generalized polynomials.

The description for this book, Calculus on Heisenberg Manifolds. (AM-119), Volume 119, will be forthcoming.

A new group of contributions to the development of this theory by leading experts in the field. The contributors include L. D. Berkovitz, L. E. Dubins, H. Everett, W. H. Fleming, D. Gale, D. Gillette, S. Karlin, J. G. Kemeny, R. Restrepo, H. E. Scarf, M. Sion, G. L. Thompson, P. Wolfe, and others.

The study of exponential sums over finite fields, begun by Gauss nearly two centuries ago, has been completely transformed in recent years by advances in algebraic geometry, culminating in Deligne's work on the Weil Conjectures. It now appears as a very attractive mixture of algebraic geometry, representation theory, and the sheaf-theoretic incarnations of such standard constructions of classical analysis as convolution and Fourier transform. The book is simultaneously an account of some of these ideas, techniques, and results, and an account of their application to concrete equidistribution questions concerning Kloosterman sums and Gauss sums.

The description for this book, Linear Inequalities and Related Systems. (AM-38), Volume 38, will be forthcoming.

The description for this book, Contributions to Fourier Analysis. (AM-25), will be forthcoming.

The description for this book, Lectures on Differential Equations. (AM-14), Volume 14, will be forthcoming.

A survey, thorough and timely, of the singularities of two-dimensional normal complex analytic varieties, the volume summarizes the results obtained since Hirzebruch's thesis (1953) and presents new contributions. First, the singularity is resolved and shown to be classified by its resolution; then, resolutions are classed by the use of spaces with nilpotents; finally, the spaces with nilpotents are determined by means of the local ring structure of the singularity.

The description for this book, The Calculi of Lambda Conversion. (AM-6), Volume 6, will be forthcoming.

In this book Professor Lusztig solves an interesting problem by entirely new methods: specifically, the use of cohomology of buildings and related complexes.The book gives an explicit construction of one distinguished member, D(V), of the discrete series of GLn (Fq), where V is the n-dimensional F-vector space on which GLn(Fq) acts. This is a p-adic representation; more precisely D(V) is a free module of rank (q--1) (q2-1)...(qn-1-1) over the ring of Witt vectors WF of F. In Chapter 1 the author studies the homology of partially ordered sets, and proves some vanishing theorems for the homology of some partially ordered sets associated to geometric structures. Chapter 2 is a study of the representation of the affine group over a finite field. In Chapter 3 D(V) is defined, and its restriction to parabolic subgroups is determined. In Chapter 4 the author computes the character of D(V), and shows how to obtain other members of the discrete series by applying Galois automorphisms to D(V). Applications are in Chapter 5. As one of the main applications of his study the author gives a precise analysis of a Brauer lifting of the standard representation of GLn(Fq).

Kurt Godel, mathematician and logician, was one of the most influential thinkers of the twentieth century. Godel fled Nazi Germany, fearing for his Jewish wife and fed up with Nazi interference in the affairs of the mathematics institute at the University of Gottingen. In 1933 he settled at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, where he joined the group of world-famous mathematicians who made up its original faculty. His 1940 book, better known by its short title, The Consistency of the Continuum Hypothesis, is a classic of modern mathematics. The continuum hypothesis, introduced by mathematician George Cantor in 1877, states that there is no set of numbers between the integers and real numbers. It was later included as the first of mathematician David Hilbert's twenty-three unsolved math problems, famously delivered as a manifesto to the field of mathematics at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris in 1900. In The Consistency of the Continuum Hypothesis Godel set forth his proof for this problem. In 1999, Time magazine ranked him higher than fellow scientists Edwin Hubble, Enrico Fermi, John Maynard Keynes, James Watson, Francis Crick, and Jonas Salk. He is most renowned for his proof in 1931 of the 'incompleteness theorem,' in which he demonstrated that there are problems that cannot be solved by any set of rules or procedures. His proof wrought fruitful havoc in mathematics, logic, and beyond.

In this monograph the authors redevelop the theory systematically using two different approaches. A general mechanism for the deformation of structures on manifolds was developed by Donald Spencer ten years ago. A new version of that theory, based on the differential calculus in the analytic spaces of Grothendieck, was recently given by B. Malgrange. The first approach adopts Malgrange's idea in defining jet sheaves and linear operators, although the brackets and the non-linear theory arc treated in an essentially different manner. The second approach is based on the theory of derivations, and its relationship to the first is clearly explained. The introduction describes examples of Lie equations and known integrability theorems, and gives applications of the theory to be developed in the following chapters and in the subsequent volume.

The description for this book, Multiple Integrals in the Calculus of Variations and Nonlinear Elliptic Systems. (AM-105), Volume 105, will be forthcoming.

This book discusses some aspects of the theory of partial differential equations from the viewpoint of probability theory. It is intended not only for specialists in partial differential equations or probability theory but also for specialists in asymptotic methods and in functional analysis. It is also of interest to physicists who use functional integrals in their research. The work contains results that have not previously appeared in book form, including research contributions of the author.

This volume investigates the interplay between the classical theory of automorphic forms and the modern theory of representations of adele groups. Interpreting important recent contributions of Jacquet and Langlands, the author presents new and previously inaccessible results, and systematically develops explicit consequences and connections with the classical theory. The underlying theme is the decomposition of the regular representation of the adele group of GL(2). A detailed proof of the celebrated trace formula of Selberg is included, with a discussion of the possible range of applicability of this formula. Throughout the work the author emphasizes new examples and problems that remain open within the general theory.TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1. The Classical Theory 2. Automorphic Forms and the Decomposition of L2(PSL(2,R) 3. Automorphic Forms as Functions on the Adele Group of GL(2) 4. The Representations of GL(2) over Local and Global Fields 5. Cusp Forms and Representations of the Adele Group of GL(2) 6. Hecke Theory for GL(2) 7. The Construction of a Special Class of Automorphic Forms 8. Eisenstein Series and the Continuous Spectrum 9. The Trace Formula for GL(2) 10. Automorphic Forms on a Quaternion Algebr?

This book presents a new result in 3-dimensional topology. It is well known that any closed oriented 3-manifold can be obtained by surgery on a framed link in S 3. In Global Surgery Formula for the Casson-Walker Invariant, a function F of framed links in S 3 is described, and it is proven that F consistently defines an invariant, lamda (l), of closed oriented 3-manifolds. l is then expressed in terms of previously known invariants of 3-manifolds. For integral homology spheres, l is the invariant introduced by Casson in 1985, which allowed him to solve old and famous questions in 3-dimensional topology. l becomes simpler as the first Betti number increases. As an explicit function of Alexander polynomials and surgery coefficients of framed links, the function F extends in a natural way to framed links in rational homology spheres. It is proven that F describes the variation of l under any surgery starting from a rational homology sphere. Thus F yields a global surgery formula for the Casson invariant.