Bücher der Reihe British Archaeological Reports International Series

Throughout the course of history, from early prehistory to the Space Age, power structures have existed which have been more or less derived from or correlated to astronomical phenomena or certain cosmologies and cosmovisions. These have significantly affected and formed the economic, social, political, artistic and religious life of people across different cultures. Cosmographies, time reckoning and calendar systems, celestial navigation techniques, landscape and architectural models of cosmicpotency, celestial divination and astrological ideas, cosmic clothing and other related concepts have been used successfully by interest groups to establish, maintain and expand psychological, social, religious and political power. Furthermore, the celestial sphere and its inhabitants have also been closely connected and partially interwoven with the concept of the manifestation of cosmic order and power both in nature and in culture. The book's 43 chapters cover numerous aspects of the topic, from general ideas to astronomy and politics in the Modern Age.Edited by Michael A. Rappenglück, Barbara Rappenglück, Nicholas Campion and Fabio Silva.With contributions by Elio Antonello, David Bea Castaño, Juan Antonio Belmonte, Mary Blomberg, F. Bònoli, Nicholas Campion, Barth Chukwuezi, Alexandra Comsa, Lourdes Costa Ferrer, Jordi Diloli Fons, Nataliya Dmitrieva, Sonja Draxler, David Fisher, A. César González-García, Silvia Gaudenzi, Cecilia Paula Gómez, Zalkida Had¿ibegovic, Göran Henriksson, Liz Henty, Jarita C. Holbrook, Manuela Incerti, Stanislaw Iwaniszewski, Franz Kerek, Mare Kõiva, Vesselina Koleva, Rolf Krauss, Andres Kuperjanov, Max E. Lippitsch, Alejandro Martín López, Mariangela Lo Zupone, Andrea Martocchia, W. Bruce Masse, Zoia Maxim, Marzia Monaco, Catalin Mosoia, S. Mohammad Mozaffari, Wolfgang Neubauer, Manuel Pérez Gutiérrez, Fernando Pimenta, Vito F. Polcaro, Marcello Ranieri, Barbara Rappenglück, Michael A. Rappenglück, Nuno Miguel da Conceicao Ribeiro, Marianna Ridderstad, Petra G. Schmidl, Samuel Sardà Seuma, Fabio Silva, Andrew Smith, Ivan Šprajc, Florin Stanescu, Magda Stavinschi, Iharka Szücs-Csillik, Luís A. M. Tirapicos, Jesús Galindo Trejo, Anna M. Tunzi, Larisa N. Vodolazhskaya, Gudrun Wolfschmidt, Richard R. Zito and Georg Zotti.

This volume summarizes many aspects of more than twenty years of field research at the ancient Maya city of Blue Creek in northwestern Belize. Blue Creek was a medium-sized Maya kingdom whose wealth was built upon access to large-scale and high-quality agricultural lands and its location at the headwaters of the Rio Hondo. The Rio Hondo is the northern-most river draining the Maya lowlands into the Caribbean Sea and provided access to markets and polities of northern Yucatan. The studies in the volume provide an overview of Blue Creek combined with detailed studies of aspects of production, trade, distribution, and the organization and functional interactions within the community.

A Toronto doctoral thesis providing a typological study of temples from the New Kingdom through the Napatan and Meroitic periods in Nubia. The author sees the variety of types of temple as reflecting the variety of local Amuns with their respective paraphernalia, distinctive appearance and varied titles that emerged across Nubia.

Edited in collaboration with Laurianne Bruneau and Marco Ferrandi.South Asian Archaeology 2007, Special Sessions 2.Thematic Symposium, XIX International Conference on South Asian Archaeology, Ravenna, 6 July 2007.

This book deals with a category of documents attesting to piety from individuals in ancient Egypt which develops the topic of a god who listens to prayer. The reference corpus is made up of stelae, with depictions of one or more human ears-sometimes accompanied by the depiction of an offering-and votive ears, along with prayers on various objects where the invoked deity is referred to as the god who listens to prayer. These testimonies occur only during the New Kingdom (1539-1080 BC); after this period there is almost no further mention of a god who listens to prayer, though personal piety continues to increase until the Late Period. If the corpus of ear stelae is extended to include all items that mention the god who listens, a surprising chronological partition emerges which enables a link to be established between the abandonment of ear stelae and the development of oracular consultations by individuals. It therefore appears that the "hearing documents" are a key driver of change in the New Kingdom official religion, rather than being a mere consequence of it. The book contains a preface, a foreword, the main text, a bibliography, appendices, plates and indices. The documentation corpus is listed in the appendices. Ce livre s'intéresse à une catégorie de documents de piété laissés par des individus en Egypte ancienne qui développent le thème du dieu qui écoute les prières. Le corpus de base se compose de stèles avec une ou plusieurs représentations d'oreilles de type humain-parfois accompagné d'une scène d'offrande-et d'oreilles votives ainsi que de prières présentent sur différents objets, dans lesquelles la divinité est qualifiée de divinité qui écoute les prières.Ces témoignages sont attestés seulement au Nouvel Empire (1539-1080 a. J-C) ; après cette période, il n'y a presque plus de mentions du dieu qui écoute les prières alors que la piété personnelle ne cesse de se développer jusqu'aux époques tardives.L'élargissement du corpus des stèles à oreilles à celui des mentions du dieu qui écoute permet d'éclaircir cette répartition chronologique surprenante et d'établir le lien entre l'abandon des stèles à oreilles et le développement des consultations oraculaires par les privés.Ainsi il apparaît que plutôt qu'une conséquence, les « documents de l'écoute » se révèlent être un des facteurs clés des modifications qui s'opèrent dans la religion d'État au Nouvel Empire. Ce livre contient une préface, un avant-propos, le texte principal, une bibliographie, des annexes et des index. Le corpus documentaire est donné sous forme de listing en les annexes.

This book deals with the disappearance of the Aguada Culture in the Catamarca Province Northwestern Argentina, focusing of the abandonment of several settlements in the Ambato Valley, which has shown evidence of fire and a rapid abandonment dated to around 900-1000 AD. A new method of analysing forest fires using microcharcoals was developed to examine the relationship between the abandonment and forest fires. This approach, coming from the field of pedoanthracology, has given us new data on the palaeoenvironment of the area which help us to understand and examine the disappearance of the Aguada society in a new light. We conclude that environmental factors were not the only ones that had an effect on a society under stress. Environmental factors are not a determinant, but are instead part of a social-environmental dimension in which several factors must have worked to push the society into a vulnerable situation. In terms of the abandonment of the Aguada settlements in the Ambato Valley, the study shows that frequent forest fires might have been a factor that played a role. However, based on the regularity of such events, as seen in the sediment history, it is unlikely that these were the only factor causing the abandonment of the valley.

This book developed from discussions following the 2012 In Dialogue: Tradition and Interaction in the Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition conference held in Manchester, UK. This conference provided a forum to compare not only the processes through which material innovations were adopted and elaborated during the Early Neolithic, but also the ways in which these processes have been understood and represented within the respective archaeological research traditions. The book examines the developments that followed the introduction of farming into Britain and Southern Scandinavia (Denmark and Southern Sweden). Contributors to the volume discuss the idiosyncratic social and cultural patterns that emerged at this pivotal period. An overarching narrative is woven by scholars from both regions who seamlessly integrate material culture, dwelling practices, controversial theory and ritual activities into a detailed image of the changing world of the early Neolithic in North-West Europe. Through a theoretically informed approach, the relationship between material culture, subsistence regimes, monumentality, ceremonial activity and social relations is explored. The process in which people became 'Neolithic' is complex and required changes not just in subsistence but in every facet of their lives; this is what this book wishes to investigate. By leaving the traditional colonization and adoption debate for a more nuanced approached, an intricate cultural tapestry can be woven. From their organisation of the landscape to their place in the world, things were fundamentally altered: this is where the authors of this book focus their attention. This is a regionally focused, theoretically and methodologically complementary set of papers by specialists who offer a comprehensive and authoritative overview of different aspects of this fundamental transition.With contributions by Anna-Karin Andersson, Jolene Debert, Irene Garcia-Rovira, Frances Healy, Sven Isaksson, Lutz Klassen, Mats Larsson, Anders Lindahl, Ellen McInnes, Ludvig Papmehl-Dufay, T. Douglas Price, Ole Stilborg and Julian Thomas.

The previous publications of the necropolis of Campovalano in the BAR series, started in 2003 and continued in 2010, concerned the sepultures dating to the period between X and V century B.C. The current volume represents the conclusive part, which investigates the funerary contexts dating between IV and II century B.C. for a total of about 300 burials. This third volume of Campovalano also includes the anthropological and paleopathological study of all the sepultures discovered in the necropolis. Together with the site of Fossa, this is the only archaeological excavation related to the Samnite Wars that has been published in the entire middle Adriatic area.

This third conference closes the cycle of three international scientific meetings that were held at the Polytechnic of Milan between 2011 and 2013. The initiatives were promoted to increase the knowledge of modern European military structures, to reflect on their condition and reuse, and to make proposals for their improvement and use. The first, held on 1617 November 2011, was dedicated to the sites and architecture of the Great War. The collected reports are published in Hypogean Archaeology series No. 7 (BAR International Series 2438/2012). In the second year we focused on the period between the wars. The reports submitted on 2728 November 2012 are published in Hypogean Archaeology series No. 8 (BAR International Series 2675/2014). In the third year, the meeting held on 1922 June 2013 debated the fortifications and works to protect civilians, both at the front and in city centres, during the Second World War; this book presents the results. The publications offer an effective contribution to the celebrations of the Great War that took place in Europe in 2015. The contributions of historians and critics, the experiences of recovery and the opening to the public of a number of military works outline the panorama of studies and concrete actions that enrich the historiography of architecture. They are also propose solutions for the careful preservation of the works.

The rich Pleistocene and Holocene archaeological and palaeontological records in the Sierra de Atapuerca caves (Burgos, Spain) have aroused major interest in the evolution of the area's prehistoric settlement. Of particular relevance to this work are the karst contexts containing archaeo-stratigraphic levels dating from the VI to the II millennium cal. BC, the megalithic structures and the open air sites. From 1999 to 2014 a research project covering a 314 km2 area (10 km radius around Mayor Cave) was developed. The fieldwork was based on ten archaeological surveys with a full-coverage intensive systematic method. This book is the first published monograph of all Holocene sites recorded to date in the vicinity of Sierra de Atapuerca: caves, megalithic structures and open air sites (surveyed sites and excavated sites) from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. It also presents the radiocarbon dates, the results of the systematic survey project (some 200 prehistoric sites), the techno-typological analysis of all the material remains (lithic and ceramic tools), the site periodization, the technological evolution by periods, the functional organization of the population process, the economic exploitation with a subsistence agriculture andlivestock strategy, the spatial distribution by periods, the GIS geospatial database and a thorough, up-to-date cartography of every Holocene archaeological site in this area. These findings show that the area around Sierra de Atapuerca may be one of the best potential sources for deeper knowledge of Late Prehistory on the Northern Iberian Plateau.

Society for South Asian Studies Monograph No 5The Bala Hisar of Charsadda is a 23m high mound covering an area of some 25 hectares close to the confluence of the Swat and Kabul rivers in North West Frontier Province's Vale of Peshawa. Astride one of the arteries of the Silk Road, the uttarapatha, the mountain passes to its north and west link south Asia with central and western Asia. Strewn with thousands of ceramic sherds, cobbles and brickbats, the Bala Hisar was identified in 1863 as the city of Pushkalavati, one of the ancient capitals of Gandhar. Although not as formally investigated as Taxila to its south-east, it has been subject to antiquarian and archaeological interest for over 100 years on account of its historical links with the Achaemenid Empire and Alexander the Great. The focus of this research may have changed significantly over time, mirroring broader methodological and theoretical changes, but all researchers have attempted to identify when this great tell site was founded and occupied, and whether there is evidence of Alexander's siege of the site. These issues are not merely of interest to ancient historians but are of great interest to archaeologists of both southern and western Asia as the origins of South Asia second urbanisation are also under scrutiny, in Sir Mortimer Wheeler's words 'The outstanding importance of Charsadda lies in its earlier phases, when it was a metropolitan centre of Asiatic trade and meeting-place of oriental and occidental cultures'. Indeed, most archaeologists would agree that the Bala Hisar of Charsadda and Taxila are amongst the earliest cities that emerged during the subcontinent's second urbanization.With contributions from Taj Ali, Mukhtar Ali Durrani, Cathy Batt, Briece Edwards, Derek Kennet, Gerry McDonnell, Muhammad Naeem, Cameron Petrie, Seth Priestman, Abdur Rehman, Armin Schmidt, Farooq Swati and Ruth Young.

This volume, investigating the necropolis and sequences of 607 tombs, completes the publication of the site of Campovalano (predominately Late BA to 5th BC) in the region of Teramo, the northernmost province of Abruzzo, Italy (see BAR 1177, 2003). The finds include important oriental style archaic material.Contributions from: Giorgio Baratti, Carla Buoite, Cristina Chiaramonte Treré, Vincenzo d'Ercole, Barbara Grassi, Rossella Mantia, Alberta Martellone, Giovanna Rocca, Cecilia Scotti and Lorenzo Zamboni.

This study examines the development and decline of the 17th and 18th century English/British fortifications of Nevis, West Indies. The forts were first built in the early 17th century and continued to be developed and added to, reaching their maximum strength in the later 17th/early 18th centuries. Ten of the forts have been located in the field, with at least four others identified as having been destroyed by development. Each fort has been catalogued, with plans, photographs and historical information given. In addition, the development of the forts has been placed within the framework of the progression of fortification strategy in Europe, the Caribbean, and in the wider colonial world. This study details the methodologies used to examine structures of this type, with special reference paid to the disciplines of historical and military archaeology. This research, in contrast to many other military studies, has also examined the lives of those associated with all aspects of colonial military life on Nevis, including soldiers, planters, slaves, servants, women and children. The aim of this analysis has been to place the forts within a broader socio-historical and archaeological narrative, referencing all aspects of Nevisian colonial society.

This book presents the newly discovered assemblage of 800 Sasanian clay sealings which is now kept in the Persian Gulf Museum of Bandar Abbas, Iran. In 2012, this collection was confiscated in Bandar Khamir, Hormozgan Province when in transit from Iran to UAE, and was delivered to the Hormozgan Center of Cultural Heritage Organization. Unfortunately the provenance of the collection is still unknown, but in comparison with the large Sasanian archives of Qasr- ? Abu Nasr and Taxt- i Soleyman, which comprise 505 and 241 clay sealings, respectively, such a large number of clay sealings is remarkable. The book introduces this new and hitherto unpublished archive of Sasanian clay sealings and we hope that the archive in question will expand our knowledge of Sasanian economic systems.

Proceedings of the International Colloquium, 1-5 October 2008 Al. I. Cuza University (Iäi, Romania)This book presents the proceedings of the International Colloquium (1-5 October 2008) held at Al. I. Cuza University (Iäi, Romania) on the Archaeology and Anthropology of Salt. This title was awarded the Grand Prize at the National Salon of Technical and Scientifical Books at the European Exhibition of Creativity and Innovation, May 10-13, 2012, Iasi, Romania.

Abstract is in English

This volume has its origins in a symposium on South American Prehistory that took place at the Chicago 64th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology in 1999. The 11 papers here reveal a pre-Hispanic world rich in metaphor and symbolism relating human beings to their origins and ancestral past, the wider natural world and their place within it. The shamanic world is one wherein symbols and symbolic behaviour are actively employed in mediating with the 'Otherworld' and its visionary inhabitants. The sites visited include Macchu Picchu, the Moche Mountains, and Coastal Ecuador.

With contributions by Michael Fotiadis and Elizabeth Arnold.

Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 82The Kalanga state Butua, which had dominated the Zimbabwe plateau (south central Africa) for four centuries, collapsed in the 1830s due to repeated difaqane invasions, and its population became subject to Ndebele invaders. This work is a study of how the farming population coped with the stresses brought by these events and how this is manifest in the archaeological remains. A model of group behaviour under stress suggests that, with increasing stress, group solidarity at first increases, but later decreases: a series of hypotheses based on this model guides this study. The first section of the research presents a reconstruction of the 'Butua' state based on oral and documentary evidence as well as archaeological research in Botswana. The second part combines information from historical sources with archaeological evidence from two villages at Domboshaba to reconstruct events and conditions in northeastern Botswana during the turbulent 19th century.

The collection of 22 papers gathered to honour Russell Dale Guthrie, archaeologist, anthropologist, and palaeonthologist who is working on a wide variety of quaternary and evolutionary topics related to the northern parts of North America. The volume is divided into three sections, Paleoecology, Archaeology and Methods. The topics range from palaeoecology and archaeology of British Columbia, fauna of Canada and Alaska, prehistoric faunal remains on the north coast of North America to examination of butchering sites, hunting strategies, studies of food utility indices etc.Editorial Assistants: Meg L. Thornton, Tom Flanigan, Joshua Reuther and Mark C. Diab.Contributors: P.M. Anderson, P.M. Bowers, J.W. Brink, L.B. Brubaker, A. Cannon, R. DeAngelo, A. Demma, M.C. Diab, J.C. Driver, A.S. Dyke, J. Fee, T.M. Friesen, D.M. Georgina, S.C. Gerlach, T.E. Gillispie, R.D. Guthrie, D. Hanson, G. Hare, C.R. Harington, J.L. Hofman, B. Kooyman, K.D. Kusmer, A.P. McCartney, A. Magoun, P. Matheus, R.O. Mills, M.L. Moss, M. Nagy, W.W. Oswalt, B. Saleeby, D.L. Sandgathe, R. Sattler, J.M. Savelle, A.V. Sher, R.O. Stephenson, M.L. Thornton, L.C. Todd, P. Valkenberg, D.M. Vinson and D.R. Yesner.

Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 64Series Editors: John Alexander and Laurence Smith

This study documents the corpus of terracotta figurines that were found during excavations at Tell Timai between 2009 and 2013. The study assesses the locations in which terracotta figurines have been found both at Tell Timai and across Egypt, and discusses their usage within the settlements of Pharaonic and Ptolemaic-Roman Egypt. In addition, a chronological discussion of terracotta usage in Egypt from the Pharaonic to the Ptolemaic-Roman Period is presented to place the Tell Timai terracottas in chronological order to highlight themes of continuity and change. The figurine catalogue provides a detailed examination of the types and forms represented at Tell Timai and highlights the manufacturing techniques and decoration schemes used for specific types. This analysis also provides a clearer idea of the type of domestic religious activities that were practised at Tell Timai by the local population and the choice of terracotta styles used at specific periods. The study also provides date ranges based on associated ceramic assemblages to provide clearer dating for Egyptian terracotta types in Egypt.

The region of Chihuahua in North-Western Mexico is a relatively isolated area with a barren desert landscape. There is little in the way of the Settlement Archaeology typically found in the Southern regions of Mexico, for instance cities, roads, temples and other large stone structures. However, there is archaeological evidence present in this region that points to a significant culture, important due to the fact that it has a material and cultural merging of both Mesoamerican and Puebloan influences. Because of these combined influences there are different theories as to the origins of this culture, with either the Toltecs or the Anasazi being put forward. The study starts by discussing Chihuahuan Prehistory and ceramic research in this area, as well as the environment, geography, the archaeological record, and ceramic chronologies. Also discussed are the cultural boundaries, definitions and characteristics of the Medio period (1200-1450)A.D.). The role of decoration in ceramic reconstruction is also covered. The cultural implications of the decorative patterns on the Chihuahuan polychrome jars have up until now been largely ignored. These polychromes are part of a distinct pottery series, and Hendrickson uses the large number of vessels stored in many North American museums to carry out a whole range of contrastive analyses on these jars, both individually, as well as looking at general design patterns for cultural interpretation. The analysis of the design of the polychrome jars is carried out by contrasting levels of design, styles, and other tests, in order to fit individual samples into the typology. Importantly Hendrckson places these assemblages within geographical, cultural and temporal contexts.

It is only thanks to a concise reference in Pliny (NH,III,30) that we have any information on the granting of Latium status rights to Spain by Vespasian, the first of the Flavian emperors. The grant of these rights is important as regards explaining the history of the three Spanish provinces under the Flavian dynasty. Through this text -uniuersae Hispaniae Vespasianus Imperator Augustus iactatum procellis rei publicae Latium tribuit- we are today able to discuss the origin, chronology, causes and effects of this significant gesture. Indeed, it is so important that we cannot completely understand the future development of Flavian Spain, and the subsequent Spanish emperor 's activities also, without analysing it fully. This study explores the history of the Latin Right and the privileges granted by Vespasian to Spain, and the evolution of those grants in ancient Rome.Prologue by Francisco Beltrán Lloris

Proceedings of the Seventh Meeting of Postgraduate Researchers at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 21st -23rd February 200332 papersEdited by Camilla Briault, Jack Green, Anthi Kaldelis and Anna Stellatou

This volume represents the fourth publication of interim reports from the land and sea excavations at Caserea Maritima in Israel. The results cover the full spectrum of settlement at the site, from c.300 BC to the nineteenth century, but here with a focus on the Byzantine and Islamic periods.

Proceedings of the XV IUPPS World Congress (Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006)This book contains both English and French papers.

Papers from a seminar held at the University of Copenhagen in September 2006. Contents: A New Look at the Conception of the Human Being in Ancient Egypt (John Gee); 2) Between Identity and Agency in Ancient Egyptian Ritual (Harold M. Hays); 3) Material Agency, Attribution and Experience of Agency in Ancient Egypt: The case of New Kingdom private temple statues (Annette Kjby); 4) Self-perception and Self-assertion in the Portrait of Senwosret III: New methods for reading a face ((Maya Mueller); 5) Taking Phenomenology to Heart: Some heuristic remarks on studying ancient Egyptian embodied experience (Rune Nyord); 6) Anger and Agency: The role of the emotions in Demotic and earlier narratives (John Tait); 7) Time and Space in Ancient Egypt: The importance of the creation of abstraction (David A. Warburton); Index of Egyptian and Greek words and expressions.