Modern ecological studies are unable to examine long-term processes operating on the order of hundreds of years. Because of the limited length of modern and historic records, questions about long-term interactions between people and the environment can only be answered using paleoecological and archaeological information. This volume presents prehistoric records that span over a millennium to examine issues of human paleoecology on the Columbia Plateau of Washington State, USA. Unlike many previous studies, this study (1) quantifies past human population, (2) compares relative inputs of humans, climate, fire, and vegetation using multivariate statistics, (3) examines relationships between variables when leads and lags of different lengths are introduced,and (4) identifies multicollinearity, allowing variables of no unique explanatory value to be eliminated. This study indicates that research on human impacts that focuses on bivariate patterns, such as simple comparisons of coeval human population and fire, can suffer from the problem of equifinality. The multivariate statistical procedures employed in this work avoid these problems, however, and can be used in any study that employs observations taken at equally-spaced time intervals. Additionally, the protocols developed and used in this volume can be easily adapted and applied in new geographical areas-the methods and research design used need not be tied to this particular location.
Castro do Vieito is a settlement of a modest size, situated on the left bank of the Lima river estuary in the north west of Portugal. It was the target of a large scale archaeological rescue operation from 2004 to 2005, one coordinated by the present author. The enormous source of data, completely unpublished until today, that was provided by this unparalleled intervention, is explored here in such a way as to offer the reader a portrait of a village community which lived through the initial phase of the region's integration within the Roman empire. Castro do Vieito's setting on a nautical stopping point, close to one of the region's largest mineral seams, makes it possible to understand the involvement of this settlement in the supply network of the drafted military that controlled the auriferous explorations situated upstream on the river Lima. This privileged relationship with the military occupation force means that this settlement is distinct in many aspects from the others that surrounded it and makes it important in terms of understanding the different dynamics involved in the interaction of the local populations with the Imperial Army. After a first chapter explaining the methodological problems connected with an intervention of this nature and size and spread, as well as the solutions developed to surpass the problems, the following four chapters portray different aspects of the daily life of this community.
As well as presenting a detailed presentation of the archaeological finds from the Basilica of Santa María in Alicante (S/E Spain), this work also describes one of the pioneering investigations carried out by the Archaeological Museum of Alicante into the application of archaeological methodology to architectural projects in the Valencian Region. The results of the archaeological interventions were spectacular - a unique collection of nearly 500 practically complete pots was found. These included large wine or oil containers, some associated with maritime trade, as well as ceramic objects used in the basilica's construction: an exceptional example of a ceramic siphon was found, which is the oldest known example in Europe. This large and unique pottery collection comprises the main body of this publication, in catalogue form. The study begins however with introductory chapters describing the basilica and the evolution of its architecture throughout the medieval period.
Hypogean Archaeology: Research and Documentation of Underground Structures No 7Edited under the Aegis of the Federazione Nazionale Cavità Artificiali (F.N.C.A.)
Proceedings of the 26th Conference, Barcelona, March 1998This book includes papers from the CAA 1998 Conference. Sections include Using computers in archaeological fieldwork; Using computers for archaeological explanation; and Using computers for archaeological heritage; there are 61 papers presented. Download includes CAA 98 images, as well as nearly 300 Mb of freeware, shareware and commercial demos of computer programs created for archaeologists.
Resultados del proyecto de prospección arqueológica del Alto AsónWith contributions from Emilio Muñoz Fernández, Pedro García Gómez, Victor Crespo, Manuel Moñino Saez and Peter Smith
This study presents the material assemblage of the Neolithic and Early Helladic strata from the excavations at Ayios Dhimitrios, ancient Triphylia in the SW Peloponnese, Greece. One aim of the work is to determine whether and to what extent the finds from Ayios Dhimitrios can first contribute to the building of the missing chronological and cultural bridges connecting western Peloponnese with other areas where similar cultures are identified, and second, furnish the missing evidence that would enable one to conclude that western Peloponnese was not left outside the cultural evolution of the adjacent northern areas, but was involved in and contributed to this evolution. A further goal is to try to identify which cultural subsystems are reflected in the archaeological assemblages of the various chronological stages represented at Ayios Dhimitrios, and whether or not these subsystems or cultural phenomena, like subsistence economy and technology, are in agreement with the corresponding phenomena observed at other sites, where the same artifacts occur. Chapter two gives a description of the site and a short history of the previous investigations into the prehistory of Triphylia. Chapter three deals with the deposits and the pottery of Period I (LN II) at the site. Chapter three also provides a discussion and catalogue of selected small finds found within the Neolithic deposit. In chapter four an attempt is made to relate Period I of Ayios Dhimitrios to contemporary sites in the Peloponnese, and to fix its position within the Peloponnesian sequence, and the sequence of mainland Greece, the Balkans and the Aegean. Chapter five summarizes the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the site. Chapter six begins with a description of the deposits of Period II (EH) and the architectural remains of both phases of this period. The pottery of both phases is subsequently discussed. Chapter six also deals with tools and implements of Period II. Chapter seven correlates the material assemblage from both phases with material from western Peloponnesian and Ionian Sea sites, and also with sites of the rest of the Peloponnese and beyond. Chapter eight deals with conclusions regarding the dimension of the site, its population and economy, and the settlement patterns of the region. There are appendices from Christina Rushe and Paul Halstead on faunal remains, and one from Antikleia Moudrea-Agrafioti on Neolithic and Early Bronze Age flaked stone industries.
This book had its origins in a symposium held at the University of Edinburgh from 30 March to 2 April 2000, which was attended by archaeologists with a shared interest in the prehistory of the small but distinctive region of Southeast Europe known as the Iron Gates. In the broad sense the area refers to the section of the Danube valley where the river forms the modern political border between Serbia and Romania, and this definition is adopted for the present volume. First and foremost the volume is intended to illustrate the immense research potential of the Iron Gates region. A second objective is to provide case studies that illustrate the nature of current research and the rich possibilities offered by the growing range of scientific techniques available to archaeologists and their application to existing archaeological collections.
The research presented here investigates the evolution of material cultural diversity in the Yasawa Islands in the northwestern corner of the Fijian archipelago. This work builds upon several field seasons of basic research in the Yasawas, as well as other large-scale ceramic analyses in Fiji. This study constructs answers using an explanatory framework explicitly designed to account for the evolution of cultural diversity in prehistory. This explanatory framework combines the effects of cultural transmission, selection and other sorting processes, and innovation. Using this explanatory framework this research attempts to answer the following three questions: 1. What domains of ceramic similarity in the Yasawa Islands can be used to define culturally transmitting populations or lineages; 2. What are the spatial and temporal distributions of transmission lineages defined along different avenues of transmission; and 3. What are the possible explanations for the distribution of these lineages? Chapter 2 examines some of the previous archaeological and other research in Fiji that has attempted to explain or document cultural, biological, and linguistic diversity. Chapter 3 more completely develops the theoretical framework used to explain prehistoric ceramic similarities and difference in terms of transmission lineages. An outline of the natural and cultural history of the Yasawa Islands is presented in Chapter 4. Classifications of ceramic variation and other analyses are presented in Chapter 5. In Chapter 6 cladistic and seriation analyses generate hypotheses for the transmission history of Yasawa Islands populations. Chapter 7 reviews the results of this research in the context of other archaeological work in Fiji. The approach to explaining cultural similarities and differences employed in this research indicates that prehistoric cultural diversity can be examined using cultural transmission, selection, and innovation to produce empirically testable hypotheses regarding the historical relatedness of populations. The further development of this approach by scholars will do much to answer long-standing questions.
This book presents the proceedings of the Ninth Annual Conference of the British Association for Biological Anthropology and Osteoarchaeology (BABAO) that was held at the University of Reading in 2007.
Proceedings of the XV World Congress, UISPP, Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006. Volume 1. Session WC01.This book includes papers from the session entitled 'Status of Prehistoric Studies in the Twenty First Century in India' presented at the XV UISPP World Congress (Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006).
This book includes papers based on a session presented at the 10th EAA conference in Lyon in 2004.
Oribasius of Pergamum (fl. AD 300) was the Emperor Julian's personal physician and author of a considerable canon of medial literature. In this study, the author has collected and presented a bilingual translation of a selection of Oribasius' writing concerning female sexual pathology. In addition the author looks at Oribasius within the broader historical context - from the Corpus Hippocraticum, through Aristotle, to the great Hellenistic doctors Galenus and Soranus Ephesius.
In this study the author focuses on trade and markets in New Kingdom, Egypt.
Proceedings of the International Conference, 21st-26th April 2008, KrakówForty-seven papers concerning the northern and eastern Black Sea in ancient times. Papers cover a wide range of topics, including Ancient Greek poleis, numismatics, amphorae, pottery and Greek-'Barbarian' relations. Edited by Ewdoksia Papuci-Wadyka, Michael Vickers, Jaroslaw Bodzek and David Braund
The original idea for developing this book as Proceedings from the Symposium on Obsidian Source Studies in Northeast Asia, held at the 70th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology (2005), was conceived in the summer of 2004.
Wadi Araba is a unique landform of great historical importance. As a part of the Great Rift Valley, Wadi Araba extends southward from the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba and covers vast stretches of mostly arid land. Until recently our understanding of the history (and prehistory) of Wadi Araba has been negligible, due largely to the fact that few have explored the valley in any systematic fashion. In fact, most of the valley remained unexplored until the 1990s, and the few investigations that had been conducted either remained unpublished or were too purposive in nature and narrow in scope to shed light on broader historical developments. Nevertheless, there is a growing body of data from Wadi Araba. Archaeological fieldwork conducted over the past twenty years, for example, has significantly increased the number of known sites in the valley. As a result, our knowledge of the history of Wadi Araba has improved, though it remains somewhat fragmented geographically and qualitatively. Also, despite this improvement in our knowledge of known sites in the valley, there have been no attempts to synthesize any of the data. If we are to gain any sort of broader understanding of the historical geography of Wadi Araba, the need for such a synthesis is clear. The present monograph, accordingly, is one attempt to provide a more comprehensive overview of the antiquities of Wadi Araba and a general outline of the rich history of the valley. Chronologically, the scope of this study focuses on the Hellenistic through to the Byzantine period. The purposes of this initial chapter are 1) to provide a general sketch of the geographical and ecological setting, 2) to summarize previous explorations and research conducted in Wadi Araba, including excavation and survey conducted by the author, and 3) to discuss briefly the classical and late antique sources pertinent to a historical geography of Wadi Araba. Following this introduction, Chapter 2 of this study provides a detailed summary of the larger settlements in Wadi Araba, mostly focusing on the cities, villages, and hamlets, as well as the various forts and caravanserais. Chapter 3, in turn, summarizes the evidence of other sites of historical significance in the periphery of the larger settlements. A comprehensive discussion of the communication networks in the valley is the focus of Chapter 4, with the expressed goal of understanding how the various sites interrelate with one another. Finally, Chapter 5 provides a broad historical sketch of the history of Wadi Araba in Classical and Late Antiquity.
Proceedings of the XV World Congress UISPP, Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006. Volume 47Additional papers representing miscellaneous papers from the XV UISPP World Congress (Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006).
South American Archaeology Series No 15The research presented in this volume seeks to build a series of qualitative and quantitative multi-scale paleoenvironmental models of the past conditions in the Dry Puna of Argentina setting out the conditions under which human adaptation occurred.
In this work the cult of the Capitoline Triad is examined from a viewpoint that varies from the traditionally public and official one. A review of its archaeological and epigraphic sources shows how the devotion to the three divinities also permeated the private sphere of individuals in addition to the public or collective events. Although the Capitoline cult lost its pre-eminence during the Imperial age, it remained a clear symbol of tradition, adopted to reassert identity or to display self-satisfaction and power.
This research is focused on the Medieval human skeletal series recovered from Sanjan (Valsad District, Gujarat, India). Horizontal excavations were undertaken at the archaeological site of Sanjan for three field seasons during 2002-05 jointly by the World Zarathushti Cultural Foundation and the Indian Archaeological Society. Studies on human skeletal remains recovered from the excavations were undertaken at the Anthropology laboratory of Archaeology Department of Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute, Pune in 2006-07. The skeletal series of Sanjan is promising for more than one reason. The Parsis are Zoroastrian refugees from Iran, who made their landing near the present town of Sanjan on the coast of western India around 750 A.D. The Parsis represented in the skeletal series are the 16th century representatives of the ancestral migrant population. The broader aim of this study is to provide anthropological data for the skeletal population, an intermediate stage, which could be effectively used to evaluate the evolutionary changes seen from the ancestral population residing in Iran and the contemporary Indian Parsis.
The book traces archaeological history of the Picene area from the 5th to the 1st centuries BC. The problem of romanization is accessed from the perspective of human occupation of the landscape and the administrative organization of that occupation. Examined are settlements, sacred and funerary contexts as well as sporadic finds from the area.
Sanjan Excavation Report Volume 3Written by Sharad Rajaguru, Sushama Deo, Pramod Joglekar, Padmakar Prabhune, Vijay Sathe, Shivendra Kadgaonkar and Arati Deshpande-MukherjeeThe authors examine medieval period of Sanjan, situated on the western coast of India, to the south of the river Tapi. The volume includes reports on geo-morphology of the area, animal bones, shells, coins and iconography. The area has a special importance in the commerce of the Indian Ocean.
This book analyses the technological process of ceramic moulding. To this end, the work is organised into four sections: The first section discusses the concepts on which the analyses are based. The second section analyses the theoretical-methodological background. This section is based on a social view of the operational chain and on a specific design adapted to the technological interpretation of the macro-traces created by the ceramic moulding process. The third section discusses the entire protocol for the technological identification of macro-traces created by the ceramic moulding process. The final section deepens the interpretative strategies offered by the ceramic moulding analysis and the volume concludes with a reflection on the limits and possibilities of the proposed methodology.
The River Miera occupies a limestone valley in the centre of Cantabria, northern Spain. Its archaeological record, which was poorly known previously, was studied in depth during two seasons of archaeological surveying whose results are published in this volume. The information obtained allows the reconstruction, albeit with certain gaps, of the evolution, over more than 100ka, in the way human societies adapted to the varied landscape, from the rich coastal platform to the poor inland limestone mountains. The existence of similar studies in neighbouring valleys, the Asón and the Saja, enables the determination of small differences in each archaeological period.
This monograph presents the results of an intensive site survey of three Prehistoric Bronze Age cemeteries in the vicinity of Marki Alonia in central Cyprus. These cemeteries contained around 370 pit and chamber tombs, and were in use from the Early Cypriot Bronze Age into the Middle Cypriot period. Each of the cemeteries has been looted since the Second World War, with the result that a sizable scatter of ceramic artefacts lies across their surfaces. It is this scatter that forms the main subject of this work. Marki's cemeteries provided an important opportunity to assess the value of looted sites to archaeologists. The taphonic processes that have affected the sites are therefore discussed in detail, with the conclusion that although cultural and natural processes can significantly affect a ceramic assemblage from a looted cemetery, they do not render them valueless. The work concludes that the ceramics interred in Prehistoric Bronze Age cemeteries differed little from those used in day-to-day life in the settlement, and that although mortuary assemblages from across Cyprus were generally similar, some idiosyncrasies existed from site to site. Additionally, the study considers issues of social complexity, chronology, burial customs, and symbolic behaviour.
This monograph presents a reassessment of the meanings and characteristics of Romanization. The research aims at challenging the predominant views on ethnic changes and Roman cultural dominations; exploring the Jewish perspectives on landscape as a means for criticizing the cultural and ethnic Romanization Approaches; and investigating the political consequences of the Herodian building program and consequent relationship with the imperial government. 'Romanization' originally meant 'to become Roman'. Studies of Romanization in provinces other than Palestine rely heavily on changes in material culture as the indicators of transformation of cultural and ethnic identities from 'natives' to 'Romans'. Supported by numerous literary records, such phenomena did not occur in Palestine. Under Roman rule, the Jews were never assimilated to become Roman. Jews also did not show any desire to be self-Romanized. Moreover, no evidence suggests any intention of ethnic and cultural assimilation from the imperial government or the client kings. It has always been assumed that the imposition of 'Roman architecture' was a strong indicator of cultural and ethnic Romanization. However, the term 'Roman architecture' is uncritically used in architectural studies. Herodian buildings should not be simply classified as 'Roman architecture'. The Herodian builders made use of local, Near Eastern, Eastern Mediterranean and Italian architectural elements and subsequently created hybrid architectural forms. Some Herodian structures were similar to those in Italy, but their perceived meanings in Palestine might not have been the same as in Italy, because the Jewish population in Palestine viewed them in terms of their local culture. It has been assumed that Palestinian Jews were so distinctive that they were immune from ethnic and cultural Romanization. But the phenomenon in Palestine might not have been a distinctive one; without the help of surviving literature, Palestine would be interpreted in a similar way to other Roman provinces. Therefore, 'peoples' in other provinces might not have 'become Roman' ethnically and culturally.
Sudan Archaeological Research Society, Publication Number 13This volume is the first of a series that will report on surveys and excavations carried out in the most northerly portion of Sudanese Nubia, in the years between 1960 and 1963. Specifically, the area covered comprised the west bank of the Nile between the villages of Faras and Gemai, and adjacent islands of the Second Cataract. This stretch of approximately 60km was selected for initial attention because it was the area most immediately threatened, by construction of the cofferdam that preceded the main Aswan High Dam. During the course of four seasons the West Bank Survey recorded a total of 262 sites, ranging in age from Neolithic to early modern, and carried on at least some excavation in well over half of them. The present volume describes only the sites of Meroitic and Ballaña age that were discovered during the survey, while sites of earlier and of later date will be described in subsequent volumes.
This volume contains the 48 papers from the proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Late Roman Coarse Wares, Cooking Wares and Amphorae in the Mediterranean: Archaeology and Archaeometry which was held in Barcelona in March 2002. This was a significant event in that it focused for the first time in an international forum on (late) Roman cooking wares and amphorae. The papers presented in this volume all show how the study of Roman coarse wares, cooking wares and amphorae can contribute to ourknowledge and understanding of a wide range of issues and problems. [See also BAR S1662 2007 for Conference 2]
For the ancient Greeks the rituals that followed all military confrontations carried a special religious and symbolic meaning. These rituals included the erection on the battlefield of a trophy consisting of a wooden frame dressed with the weapons of the enemy and also the ritual offering and exhibition of part of the spoils of war at certain sites of worship. The presence of weapons at sanctuaries is, therefore, a clear indication of the ritual and symbolic value attributed to weapons. In this work, the author investigates the finds of all types of weapons found in areas of Greece devoted to worship. As well as the archaeological evidence, the author explores the epigraphic documents and classical sources providing information related to the Greek practice of dedicating weapons to the gods. Chapter One is a brief introduction to the religious and ritual aspects of war in the ancient Greek world. Chapter Two deals with the subject of the Greek trophy (tropaion) as a victory ritual involving the presence of weapons, and Chapter Three analyses the presence of elements of military equipment elements at sites of worship, including a catalogue of the sanctuaries.
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