Bücher der Reihe British Archaeological Reports International Series

This work studies a rare collection of statues and statuettes from Cilicia, including an examination of a Dolichenian hand from Comana in Commagene, and a short description of 20 antique statuettes from the Museum of Hatay, ancient Antioch. The volume opens with a short overview of the historical events that shaped Cilicia, a coastal region in south-eastern Anatolia, from the end of the protohistoric period to Late Antiquity, and also a brief summary of the archaeological collections and museums established in the region. As well as examining the items still remaining in the area, the authors have also included Cilician bronzes curated in museums in Istanbul, Paris and London. Two appendices describe the bronzes of neighbouring regions: a remarkable hand with Dolichenian reliefs, found at Comana in Commagene and now preserved at Adana. In Appendix 2 the authors provide summary descriptions of 20 bronze statuettes in the Museum of Hatay, ancient Antioch, several of them directly paralleled in Cilicia. Most of these figurines testify to a supply of high-quality statuettes, some of which were produced locally. The Egyptian cults are slightly better represented here than in Cilicia, with two Osiris figurines and one of the sacred bull, Apis.

This volume results from the author's researches into the archaeological data which came to light from settlement excavations in the northern Euxeinos Pontos. This is the sum of all archaeological evidence attesting to the presence in this area of emporia settlements. The author's sources include inscriptions, written, and archaeological material. The aim of the study is to offer as accurate a description as possible of the Black Sea emporia (from the data provided by modern in situ research) covering in particular the period from the middle of the 7th c BC to around 580 BC.

Studies in Contemporary and Historical Archaeology 1This study of post-medieval ceramic production and consumption in the Lower Rhineland is prefaced by a survey of previous work and approaches in the field. With the initiation of large-scale urban excavations in the Lower Rhineland during the 1980s, particularly in the town of Duisburg, an extensive sequence of pottery has been recovered dating from c .1400 to 1800, enabling archaeologists for the first time to re-examine traditional chronologies, attributions and socio-economic interpretations. This survey comprises 95 individual assemblages of pottery from sites excavated in Duisburg and from towns and rural sites in the region. Studies in Contemporary and Historical Archaeology is a new series of edited and single-authored volumes intended to make available current work on the archaeology of the recent and contemporary past. The series brings together contributions from academic historical archaeologists, professional archaeologists and practitioners from cognate disciplines who are engaged with archaeological material and practices.

This study presents a coevolutionary perspective on the interaction between human and guanaco (Lama guanicoe) populations in Magallania (the area at both sides of the Magellan strait comprising the southernmost part of continental Patagonia and the north of Tierra del Fuego in southern South America (Argentina and Chile)), over the last 12,000 14C years BP. The methodological approach adopted combines the use of morphological, paleoenvironmental, zooarchaeological, and technological data.

Proceedings of the XV World Congress, UISPP, Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006. Volume 21. Session C64 and C65Edited by Thierry Aubry, Francisco Almeida, Ana Cristina Araújo and Marc TiffagomThis book includes papers from the session 'Space and Time: Which Diachronies, which Synchronies, which Scales?' (C64) and 'Typology vs Technology' (C65) held at the XV UISPP World Congress, Lisbon, September 2006.

This work provides a critical, reflexive panorama of the way archaeological pottery studies in North-western Argentina were carried out throughout the discipline's history (from 16th century onwards). It evaluates their variation or lack of variation in the different sub-areas in the region (Puna, Valleys, Ravines and Western Forests) and analyzes the development of these studies against the theoretical-methodological changes in national archaeology (thus evaluating how and why these studies have changed). It presents the state-of-the-art view of pottery studies in North-western Argentina discussing their theoretical-methodological frameworks and evaluating the features and associated impact of world archaeological thought. In this research many sources were consulted, such as documental sources, background histories of Argentinean archaeology, printed personal reflections of the protagonists, main periodical journals of Argentinean archaeology (from its origins to nowadays), proceedings of all Argentinean archaeology national congresses, seminars, workshops, regional archaeological congresses proceedings, and proceedings of the International Congresses of Americanists held in Argentina, as well as Argentinean researchers' papers presented in World Archaeological Congresses and in Spanish publications of the kind (to assess the impact of Argentinean archaeology in Spain), and various Ph.D. and Undergraduate Theses in Argentina. Different specialized conferences were considered and supplemented with interviews to Argentinean and Latino-American archaeologists. References to such documental sources are included, compiling a bibliographic corpus of general Argentinean archaeology.

A study of boat iconography in the Iberian Peninsular during Prehistory.

This work investigates the evolution of urban design in the Andes of South America to ascertain if there existed in pre-Hispanic times a shared Andean tradition of urban planning. Since, in previous research, Andean urban planning has been treated as the product of individual sites or cultures, this study explores the repeated use of design elements within Andean urban planning, in order to isolate specific elements for individual functional analysis within the context of a cultural tradition. The primary focus is to demonstrate clearly the urban design connection that forms a coherent Andean urban planning tradition shared between the urban civilizations of the Andes from the inception of urbanism around the beginning of the third millennium BC until the cultural disruption of the Spanish conquest in the mid-sixteenth century AD. Through the investigation and understanding of the evolving sophistication of the cultures within the Andes cultural, political and geographical region, the study demonstrates that certain ideas of urban design, from very early times, began to form a coherent planning tradition that was shared by civilizations, cultures and settlements in close and distant contact. Moreover, these ideas for architectural designs and layouts for urban areas were not only shared geographically but also repeated through time.

This study examines changes in Haida economic adaptations during the late pre-contact and early contact periods in Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia). This was primarily achieved through the analysis of faunal and artifactual assemblages recovered from archaeological excavations at eight village sites in Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site (southernmost Haida Gwaii). In addition, extensive syntheses of early historic accounts, ethnographic descriptions, and previous archaeological work provide context for the interpretation of the archaeological data and complementary data on the economic responses of the Haida to European contact and the maritime fur trade. The new archaeological data presented in this volume, combined with previously published results, form the basis of a detailed description of the nature of Haida economic adaptations during the late pre-contact period (ca. 500 AD to 1774 AD). Most notably, these data clarify a previously recognized shift from a more generalized, rockfish-oriented economy to a more specialised, salmon-focused economy between 1,200 BP and 800 BP. These distinct economic adaptations, now widely demonstrated for southern Haida Gwaii, have been formalized as an earlier Xyuu daw Phase (ca. 2,000 BP to 1,000 BP) and a later Qayjuu Phase (ca. 1,000 BP to contact), both within the previously described late Graham Tradition.

A study of the urban archaeology (employing contemporary landscape theories) of the city port areas of Buenos Aires, in particular the port known as 'La Boca'. The chronological record takes in a time span of some 300 years (AD 1700 to 2000) and study topics include commercial and domestic space usage.

Proceedings of the XIII Symposium on Mediterranean Archaeology, Selcuk University of Konya, Turkey 23-24 April 2009This book includes papers from the XIII Symposium on Mediterranean Archaeology, held at Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey from 23-24 April 2009.

Written by Minna Lönnqvist, Markus Törmä, Kenneth Lönnqvist and Milton NuñezThis book presents the work of the Finnish project SYGIS on Jebel Bishri, a mountainous region in Central Syria. The main focus of this archaeological project was to unambiguously locate discovered sites on the Earth's surface in order to provide a starting point for the recording and creation of data to help with the cultural heritage management of Syria, as well as to help prevent looting and to aid in the preservation of cultural remains in this vulnerable area. The sites encountered during this project covered a time span of nearly 0.5 million years and in a series of chronological chapters the development of human cultures in the Jebel Bishri region over the course of time is explored. The interaction of people between different environmental zones and the cultural longue durée emerge as themes of particular importance.With contributions by Sanna Aro-Valjus, Minna Falck, Michael Herles, Merja Kaario, Markus Königsdörfer, Donald Lillqvist, Kirsi Lorentz, Martti Nissinen, Jari Okkonen, Juha Pakkala, Anniina Pietilä, Helena Riihiaho, Juhana Saukkonen, Taija Turunen, Arto Vuorela and Margot Stout WhitingEdited by Minna Lönnqvist and Kenneth Lönnqvist

Proceedings of the GIS session at EAA 2009, Riva del GardaThe GIS session entitled 'Go your own least cost path - Spatial technology and archaeological interpretation': as presented at the September 2009, European Association of Archaeologists 15th Annual Meeting in Riva del Garda, Italy.

IV Reunión Internacional de Teoría Arqueológica Sudamericana, Inter-Congreso del WAC 3-7 de Julio de 2007, Catamarca, ArgentinaSouth American Archaeology Series No 14The papers in this volume seek to examine the role of archaeological ceramics in the social processes of past societies, specifically with respect to the formulation and re-formulation of cultural practices. They also offer critical discussion with respect to the limitations of various theoretical approaches to the study of archaeological ceramics.

The dynamic relationship between technology, technological practice, and society is the focus of this book, based on the analysis of Neolithic pottery production in Valencia, eastern Spain. Two main questions frame this study: 1) what are the changes in technological practices in the manufacture of pottery during the Neolithic, and 2) how do these changes articulate with shifts in other realms of society? In order to address these questions the author turned to insights and discussions on the role of technology in society in evolutionary theory, agency-based approaches, and behavioral archaeology to frame the study in relevant, anthropological terms. With a set of explicit hypotheses the author then uses standard archaeological methods in the analysis of prehistoric pottery to reconstruct production techniques and evaluate the hypotheses.

Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 80The two key themes in this work are 1) the meeting between knowledges about the material world, and 2) the intimate relationships between people and their material surroundings we find in the social dynamics of households. The approach consists of three comparative field studies of present-day contexts conducted among eastern Bantu-speakers in Mozambique, Botswana and South Africa, in addition to an archaeological synthesis of the sequence known as 'Moloko', belonging to the Late Iron Age (AD 1300-1840) in southern Africa. While located within the discipline of archaeology, the approach draws on insights from anthropology, history, sociology and philosophy. Focusing on the relationship between clay, ceramic containers and social interaction in household spaces which follow rationales that may be associated with a sub-Saharan 'thermodynamic philosophy', the main objective is to arrive at an understanding of the relevant social dynamics involved in the developments of the Moloko ceramic sequence and the spatial and material changes to associated settlements. The work is presented in three main parts. The first presents the archaeological research status of the Moloko sequence and provides an overview of the main theoretical strands in the discourse. The second part seeks to accommodate the theoretical framework into an approach for studying clay practice, a methodology which is implemented by three field studies. The third part consists of an archaeological synthesis which draws on the insights from the previous two parts. Three specific research questions are sought answered. These relate to 1) diachronic variation in social meanings of fire and hearths, 2) changes to the social dynamics of living members of households and their ancestral links, and 3) the relationship between the microscale changes and regional social transformations towards the terminal Iron Age in southern Africa, with a particular emphasis on the implications for women's personhood.

Edited by G. de Marinis, G. M. Fabrini, G. Paci, R. Perna and M. SilvestriniA collection of thirty-two papers dealing with the development of the city in the Adriatic area, on Italian, Dalmatian and Albanian coasts. The time period stretches from the Iron Age right through to the late Roman period.

This volume is a collection of 18 papers resulting from a symposium organized for the Society of American Archaeology in Chicago in 1999. The objective was to facilitate discussion on the fundamental problems of the European Early Upper Paleolithic period (c.30k-45k BP), with special focus on innovative techniques, methods, or theoretical frameworks that have usefully resituated the problems and knowledge of the EUP. The work is divided into three sections - The transition from LMP to EUP; Questions of typological significance and technological organization; Explaining interassemblage variability. The sites and finds discussed range from Portugal and Spain as far as the Middle East and the Ukraine.

A short report on the site and sanctuary of Torreparedones in rural Cordoba, constructed in the reign of Caesar and in use throughout the reign of Augustus, and abandoned in the 1st century AD. The authors summarise the archaeological evidence for the occupation of the site, the construction of the sanctuary, its use and religius significance."

The Archaeological Sciences 1999 conference hosted by BASRG at the University of Bristol brought together scientists from throughout the UK, and also international participants from France, Germany, Poland and Egypt. The papers presented provided a valuable insight into the exciting new avenues for research opening up to archaeological science within the UK. This volume is representative of the very broad range of research themes addressed during the conference.

The majority of the 17 papers in this volume were presented as conference papers at the Theoretical Archaeology Group (TAG) conference in 1999 at Cardiff, Wales, in the session 'Peopling the Mesolithic in a Northern Environment'. The approach adopted was to investigate the social Mesolithic, a radical departure from traditional approaches to the period, which tends to focus on flint typologies rather than people. Many of the themes and debates raised by these papers have been discussed and argued at a number of subsequent conferences, sessions and day schools on reconstructing the social Mesolithic. The debate continues, and hopefully the papers in this volume will engender further discussion.

In 1827, a local collector of antiquities encountered a vehicle carrying stones from the site of Kermenchik/Simferopol on the Black Sea near Chersonesos. The director of the Odessa Museum immediately recognized the importance of these finds and rushed to the site. In the first publication on the site, the author claimed to have discovered the Neapolis built by the Scythian, King Skiluros. Thus began the archaeological discoveries at a site that has fascinated excavators to this day. The author of this present monograph summarizes the decades of research and theories connected with this important site and its environs: features, architecture, rites, material cultural, trade, and cult objects. A uniform chronological and cultural model for Scythian Neapolis is proposed and phased characteristics show its historical evolution (c.300 BC to 300 AD). A group of farmsteads developed into a settlement, then into a royal fortress with a palace/temple complex, then into a significant fortified settlement of some scale, then once more into a royal (?) fortress before becoming the unfortified centre of an agrarian territory as the headquarters of a Bosphorean deputy. One Appendix concentrates specifically on the Mausoleum of King Skiluros, while the other details the inscriptions and sculptures from the 'Southern Palace' site.Translated from Russian by Valentina Mordvintseva

Mycenaean society, it is commonly asserted, was characterised by centralised decision making over an integrated and culturally homogeneous region. In matters political and economic, the local rulers held sway over a population subject to taxes in kind and corvée labour. Beyond his obligations to the Palace, the Late Helladic inhabitant of the area commanded little by way of resources to engage in anything but subsistence activities. Such is the power of this long-prevailing view that, until recently, few scholars thought of questioning the logic and implications of the various concepts and models based on it. At its most simple, the argument revolves around the issue of whether Mycenaean society was strongly centralised with redistributive traits or whether the power and homogenising influence of the power base, if any, was not strong enough to touch the furthest corners of everyday, subsistence-level life. If the latter view has anything to commend it, this will have far-reaching ramifications for our perception of the nature of life and society in the Mycenaean Argolid. If, on the other hand, the long-held view can be proved to be correct, researchers will be on much firmer ground with respect to the inferences that may legitimately be drawn. In this monograph, the author addresses these issues by evaluating the conceptual and theoretical foundation upon which the now predominant view is based, as well as the claims made with respect to the nature and character of the economic system of Late Helladic society in the Argolid. Furthermore, the present study also sets out to analyse in more detail the role of Asine, a mid-tier settlement in the Argolid, with a view to establishing the vertical and horizontal linkages that this settlement may have had with the surrounding communities.

In this work the author focuses on the social and other non-material dimensions of life that are increasingly integral to landscape archaeology. Although the geographical focus of the study is southern Epirus, and in particular the lower valley of the Acheron River, the author also attempts a general, though not exhaustive, synthesis of the Bronze Age evidence from all of Greek Epirus. The Epirote Bronze Age remains poorly known and there has been no new synthesis for some time. Until recently, most of the scholarly work has been in Greek, much of it rather inaccessible, and this may have discouraged the wide dissemination of information. More importantly for the present case, however, a fresh assessment of evidence from the whole of Epirus (and to a lesser extent, surrounding regions) was essential to place events and longer-term processes in the lower Acheron valley in proper context. The landscapes of Epirus are highly diverse, and the lower Acheron valley, as lowland, coastal, and Mediterranean in climate, presented a singular set of circumstances to Bronze Age inhabitants. The important contrasts detected across Epirus throw into relief the divergent trajectory of the lower Acheron valley, and suggest certain explanations for it. It is hoped that this work will give the reader a sense of the Bronze Age landscapes of lowland southern Epirus, and a feeling for what it might have been like to inhabit them.

This volume summarizes the archaeology of the Mimbres area. Mimbres is the archaeological term for ancient Native American peoples who lived along the river of that name (the Rio Mimbres) and several other valleys in the southwestern corner of the state of New Mexico. They flourished, artistically, from about A.D. 950 to 1150; and the characteristic black-on-white pottery of that period is represented in art museums and private collections around the world. A single Mimbres bowl can fetch tens of thousands of dollars at auction. The pottery itself was not technically remarkable (hand-formed, indifferently finished earthenware) but the designs - painted in black pigment on the white-slipped interior of bowls - constitute one of the most appealing, intriguing and recognizable Native artistic tradition of ancient North America. Any reader of this volume almost certainly has seen Mimbres art, and the chances are good that the reader possesses a Mimbres image or two on a T-shirt, a trivet, a tea towel, or even a tattoo. As well as pottery, the author investigates: cremations and burial rituals, shells and canal irrigation, and other aspects of Mimbres archaeology, as well as indicating areas for future research.

Understanding Paleolithic animal exploitation requires a multifaceted approach. Inferences may derive from research on paleoenvironments and taphonomy, the development of new methods for interpreting seasonality patterns, and ethnoarchaeological observations. A full understanding of Paleolithic economies also requires a multiregional perspective. This volume brings together a group of scholars with research interests from across the globe to understand the nature of animal exploitation practices through the lens of taphonomy. The chapters include case studies on the types of animals that Paleolithic peoples hunted and gathered through time and space, and taphonomic analyses of non-human animal bone assemblages.

Acts of the XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Liège, Belgium, 2-8 September 2001. Section 1214 papers, 5 in English and 9 in French.

The objective of this research is to develop a model of social interaction for the Natufian culture in Southwest Asia through interpretation of environmental and material-culture variability. The author achieves this through the development of rigorous systematic grouping and spatial analysis of artifacts. The Natufian culture (approximately 13,000 or 12,800 BP) is critical to our understanding of the transition from mobile hunter-gatherers to sedentary hunter-gatherer-farmers. They are thought to represent one of the final periods of archaeologically known hunter-gatherers in Southwest Asia, preceding the advent of cultivation and agricultural economies. The people who we classify as Natufian are situated in the Levant, which now encompasses Israel, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. This research is limited to those Natufian sites situated in what is now modern day Israel and Jordan. Characterization of the Natufian is primarily based on the chipped-stone technology. Other distinctive characteristics include material culture of ground stone, marine shell, and bone as well as architecture, bedrock mortars, and burials. The methods for this research include two components: systematics and spatial analysis. The first part addresses the theoretical paradigm and its role in this research. Chapter two explores the origins of agency theory and reviews the history of agency-centered research in archaeology, and discusses the theoretical perspective applied for this research. Chapter three explores the vibrant history of research on the Natufian. Chapters four to six introduce the archaeological data used in this research as well as the first stage of analysis. Chapters seven to nine direct attention to the second stage of analysis: spatial analysis. The last part of this research, chapter 10, tests the previous hypotheses and outlines the construction of an agency-centered model based on the information provided in the second stage of analysis, with the aim of constructing a model proposing social relations for a prehistoric population. Overall the study attempts to incorporate a social agency dimension into Natufian research.

In this work the author focuses on early Hispanic churches built before the arrival of the Roman Liturgy and the Romanesque techniques by examining liturgical sculptural evidence. This material record provides a detailed understanding of both the functional and constructive features of the churches and leads to a definition of an archaeological methodology for surveying Late Antique and Early Medieval Hispanic churches, a methodology that enables a revision of the traditional historical model based on general stylistic elements that pay little or no attention to spatial context. To illustrate this, the author also makes use of a wide body of research obtained over the last fifteen years undertaken at several Hispanic churches that provides insights into building technology, the most important historical conclusion of which has been the re-dating of the most famous churches of the period. Examples are provided from the churches of San Pedro de la Nave (Zamora), Santa María de Quintanilla de las Viñas (Burgos), San Juan de Baños (Palencia), Santa Comba de Bande (Orense), Santa María de Melque (Toledo), and Santa Lucía del Trampal (Cáceres).

Research in the field of neo-catastrophism and impact cratering has quickened its pace since the early 1980s. An increasing number of astronomers have suggested that a series of cosmic disasters punctuated the earth in prehistoric times. Scholars such as Victor Clube, Bill Napier, Mark Bailey, Sir Fred Hoyle and Duncan Steel claim that a more 'active' sky might have caused major cultural changes of Bronze Age civilisations, belief systems and religious rituals. Can the astronomical evidence brought forward by these astronomers be substantiated by the historical, archaeological and climatological records?