Bücher der Reihe British Archaeological Reports International Series

Kom el-Hisn is located near the western edge of the Nile delta, midway between Cairo and Alexandria, and about 13 km west of the Rosetta branch of the Nile. It is composed of primarily Old Kingdom deposits (Dynasties V and VI, ca. 2500-2290 BC) but the site was also occupied in the Middle and New Kingdom periods. (It has been suggested that some First Intermediate burials are included within the Old Kingdom architecture, and Kom el-Hisn clearly flourished during the height of Old Kingdom power.) After a detailed introduction, the author reviews the development of Egyptian settlement patterns and structures to provide the Old Kingdom context, before continuing to discuss the specific issues relating to the current research and some of the explanations offered by other researchers for the development of Egypt's particular brand of complex society. Chapter four describes the research programme that provided the data on which this study relies, and subsequent headings contain detailed descriptions of the deposits associated with each excavation unit in the analysis. Before the full summary in the ultimate chapter, there are statistical analyses that build the model of functional differentiation found within the excavated areas.

In 1997 the author excavated a shipwreck in the north-western reaches of the Java Sea, Indonesia. It became known as the Intan Wreck due to its close proximity to the Intan Oil Field. The wreck has been dated early to mid-10th century through Chinese coin dates, stylistic analysis of ceramics, and radiocarbon dating. While the structure of the shipwreck has all but disappeared, enough fragments remained for timber identification and a glimpse at construction techniques. These clues, together with cargo types and wreck location, strongly indicate an Indonesian ship of lashed-lug construction. From cargo distribution the Intan ship may have been as long as 30 m. The abundance of surviving cargo stands in stark contrast to the fragmentary hull remains. A total of 6,154 non-ceramic artefacts and 7,309 ceramic artefacts were logged over the course of the excavation. Materials are as diverse as bronze, lead, silver, iron, tin, gold, glass, ceramic, stone, and organics. Origins are as far afield as China, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and the Middle East. Such diversity is a clear indication of entrepot trade, the most likely port of lading being the Srivijayan capital, Palembang. Considering the wreck location and the large base metal component, the Intan ship could only have been bound for metal deficient Java.

Until now, no study has been made of the construction techniques of the Nabataean freestanding buildings and the rock-cut monuments of Petra, Jordan (built from the 1st cent. BC to the 2nd cent. AD). The results of this study reveal the sources of the building techniques used at Petra and why they were further developed there.

This book joins a long series of studies conducted in recent years at the Department for Land of Israel Studies at Bar-Ilan University in the Unit for the History of Medicine in Ancient Times. Since the field of study is extensive, the special focus of this treatise is the study of medicine in Greater Jerusalem, but it may serve as a faithful reflection of the nature of medicine and the changes it underwent throughout Israel and Syria in ancient times. The study is based primarily on historical sources. The first part of the book consists of a short history of medicine in Jerusalem from various historical aspects, followed by an evaluation of the physicians, their status, professional training, etc. The second part presents a list of physicians who were active in Jerusalem between the 10th-18th centuries.

This study is divided into two main parts. Part one presents the ethnoarchaeological study that has been conducted on (late-Sixth to Fifth Millennium BC) pottery production in northern Jordan (the Ajlun Mountain area). It includes the location and environmental setting of the study area, the context of pottery production with reference to potters' socio-economical contexts, and their identity. It also includes the context of pottery production and a description of the technological traditions that have been identified among the potters. Chapters 4 and 5 have been devoted to measuring and explaining the causes of technological similarities as well as differences in the potters' out-put. Part 2 presents the archaeological study. It includes a description of the site of Abu Hamid and its environmental setting. Moreover, it presents the chronology and the sequence of occupation at the site, as well as the spatial and temporal contexts of the sampled pottery sherds. Further, it presents morphological and metric descriptions of the pottery assemblages. Chapters 8 and 9 are devoted to the identification of archaeological pottery forming techniques and the measuring of the technical variations among them. The last chapter presents the explanations of these technical variations.

Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop, CNR, Rome, Italy, December 4-7, 2006In 2001, UNESCO and the European Space Agency (ESA) launched the 'Open Initiative on the Use of Space Technologies to Monitor Natural and Cultural Heritage of UNESCO Sites'. The 'Open Initiative' is a framework of cooperation to assist countries to improve the observation, monitoring and management of natural and cultural sites as well as of their surroundings, through space technologies. In this field of operations a group of experts, called International Working Group of Space Technologies for World Heritage, was created under the coordination of UNESCO, the present membership including representatives of CNR-ITABC (Italy), GORS (Syria), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), NASA (US), ETH (Switzerland) and other European research centres and institutions. At the Beijing conference the topics discussed demonstrated clearly that the concept of Remote Sensing was significantly wider than in the past and involved the integration of numerous different technologies and fields of application: photogrammetry, air photography, air-photo mapping, airborne multi-spectral and thermal imagery, satellite imagery, geophysics, GIS but also, laser scanning, visualization displays, space models virtual reality. This conference at Rome in December 2006, building on these ideas, will aim to continue in this direction, promoting the use of integrated methodologies in remote sensing archaeology so as to help in the creation of new and sustainable policies in the monitoring, interpretation, fruition and communication of the cultural heritage. Including 67 papers from 10 sessions: SESSION 1: Satellite Remote Sensing Archaeology; SESSION 2: Aerial Archaeology: vertical ans oblique photography; SESSION 3: Aerial Archaeology: airborne scanning; SESSION 4: Ground-Based RemoteSensing Archaeology; SESSION 5: Integrated Technologies for Remote Sensing in Archaeology; SESSION 6: Interpreting Landscapes and Settlement Pattern Reconstruction; SESSION 7: Environment Analysis for Remote Sensing Archaeology; SESSION 8: 3D Visualization of Place and Landscapes; SESSION 9: Virtual Archaeological Reconstruction; SESSION 10: Landscapes, CRM and Ethics: POSTER SESSIONS.

Langeland Museum's underwater investigations of the submerged Late Mesolithic Ertebølle settlement Møllegabet I, off the small southern Danish town of Ærøskøbing in 1976, heralded a new era in investigations of the archaeology of the Northern European Stone Age. The submerged Stone Age settlements and graves, which have subsequently been investigated in the Baltic Sea area and in Danish coastal waters, have proved to have excellent conditions for the preservation of structural remains and items of organic material. The latter have contributed much new knowledge concerning the very high level of woodworking expertise and associated decorative traditions, as well as providing important information on the economy and burial sites of the Mesolithic culture.The submerged settlements have also given valuable information about the substantial shifts which occurred between land and sea throughout the Stone Age in Southern Scandinavia and Northern Germany. In a couple of cases it has been possible to find and uncover settlements from a virtually unknown chapter of the Stone Age in Northern Europe, lying at the transition between the Maglemose and Kongemose cultures. The Møllegabet II-settlement was investigated between 1987 and 1993, and with this publication it is the first major submerged Danish Stone Age settlement to be published in detail in monographic form including several scientific contributions. The study area is situated at a depth of almost 5m below sea level and contains, in addition to an extremely well-preserved dwelling site from the Early Ertebølle Culture (c. 5000 BC), a somewhat later burial in a dug-out canoe of a young male.With contributions by Sarah Mason, Lisa Hodgetts, Peter Rowley-Conwy and Annica Cardell

This monograph presents the results of the first planned archaeological excavations in the important Italo-Greek Abbey of Grottaferrata that was founded near Rome by St. Nilus of Rossano in 1004 over the ruins of a grand Roman villa. The research focuses on the transformation of the settlement and on the social, economic and cultural dynamics from Late Antiquity to the Renaissance and it has revealed the existence of previously unknown Late Antique and Early Medieval sites. Pottery vessels made in Rome and in Southern Italy in the 11th-12th centuries and walls made of Roman spolia belonged to St. Nilus' monastery. The monastery of that time had a church, a dormitory and a sort of borgo with agricultural workers' dwellings, stables and warehouses. Archaeological research has also shed light on the works commissioned by Commendatory Abbots between the 15th and 18th centuries. The important results of this Research Project were also thanks to the possibility of comparing the data of Grottaferrata with those that came from the first archaeological excavations recently undertaken in Italo-Greek monasteries in Southern Italy.

Actes du Colloque International organisé à Lyon les 8 et 9 novembre 2002, Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée

Section 6: Paleolithique Superieur / Upper PalaeolithicColloque/Symposium 6.411 papers from a session on Stone Age (Magdalenian) Europe presented at the XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Liège, Belgium, 2-8 September 2001.Contains papers in English and papers in French.

Dynasties 21-24 saw Libyan dominance in Ancient Egypt. This study examines a corpus of funerary stelae produced during this time to determine the effect of this period on the ways in which people projected their identity, particularly in terms of gender and ethnicity.

This study investigates hunter-gatherer responses to environmental change in south-western Australian forests. The study region is the Leeuwin-Naturaliste Region, extreme south-western Australia. It examines how hunter-gatherers reacted to terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene expansions of Karri (Eucalytpus diversicolor) tall open-forest, a forest type identified as difficult to occupy. The putative hunter-gatherer reaction requires careful assessment because past hunter-gatherers could have continued to occupy forested areas by using many different habitats within forests and controlling the extent of unfavourable habitats by firing. The author assesses the issue by reviewing ecological and archaeological research in south-western and south-eastern Australian forests and analysing archaeological evidence for occupation in various types of forest.

This book includes papers from Session C68 (Part I) of the XV UISPP World Congress (Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006).

Proceedings of the XV UISPP World Congress (Lisbon 4-9 September 2006). Volume 8, Session C68 (Part II)This book includes papers (in English, French and Spanish) from Session C68 (Part II) of the XV UISPP World Congress (Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006).

This large-scale work represents a study of the occupation of space and management of resources at the interface between primary massifs and secondary and tertiary basins during the Neolithic: the example of the Armorican massif and its margins. This study seeks to establish to what degree we can quantify the impact of a physical feature, the interface between the Armorican massif and the Paris and Aquitainian basins, on population dynamics in western France during the Neolithic. The study area is extensive (62324 km²) and includes almost the whole of eleven French departments (Manche, Calvados, Orne, Mayenne, Sarthe, Maine-et-Loire, Vendée, Deux-Sèvres, Vienne, Charente-Maritime and Charente). Its natural limits, which have evolved since the Neolithic, are the English Channel in the north and the River Charente and its tributary La Bonnieure, flowing into the Atlantic Ocean, in the south. The period in question is the whole of the Neolithic, chronologically subdivided (with much simplification) in orderto facilitate the comparison between the successive chronological stages: Early Neolithic: 5500-4600 BC; Middle Neolithic: 4600-3600 BC; Late and Final Neolithic: 3600-2200 BC.

Around 9500 BC, a number of changes take place in the life ways of human groups that, henceforth, will be designated as Mesolithic. These changes set them apart, behaviourally, from the preceding periods. Even though the ancestral know-how was passed across the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary, new solutions were implemented. Groups became more mobile and more dependent on the exploitation of marine resources. Shell middens crop up not just all along the Atlantic façade but also in more interiorly located sites. Technical choice and mode of resource extraction are situationally adapted and/or created. This behavioural flexibility is specific to the early Mesolithic and contrasts with the rigidity of Magdalenian peoples' technical systems. The History of the earliest Mesolithic communities in Portugal is mainly based on the study of three key-early Mesolithic sites, Toledo, Areeiro III and Barca do Xerez de Baixo, with a main focus on their lithic industries (recreating all the productionprocess), although other archaeological components are also presented and discussed. Despite being contemporary on a radiocarbon scale (they all accumulated during the Boreal chronozone), each of these sites represents a distinct way of using space and the available local resources.

The symposium dedicated to the presentation of the 'current research on the neolithic funeral rituals in the Upper Rhine Valley' held at the University of Strasbourg in June, 2011 belongs to a cycle of annual meetings of the archaeologists from Alsace and the nearby regions. The theme was dictated by the spectacular increase of the neolithic graves' corpus last years. This volume presents nine contributions about unpublished graves and graveyards from the early to the late Neolithic, especially the first LBK cremations found in France and the first Corded ware graves group discovered in Alsace. These papers, which covered all the regional neolithic sequence, offer a complete view of the funeral traditions of the Upper Rhine Valley from 5300 to 2200 BC.

Cet ouvrage pose la question des rapports masculin-féminin au sein des sociétés du monde nord-alpin (soit le nord-est de la France, la moitié sud de l'Allemagne, la Suisse, l'Autriche et la Bohême), pendant plus d'un millénaire (du Bronze final au milieu du second âge du Fer). L'étude de quelques nécropoles a mis en évidence l'existence d'une structure hiérarchisée de ces sociétés. Ce préalable permet de poser la question de Grandes Femmes dans ces sociétés à travers l'appréhension d'une élite, définie par des sépultures ostentatoires. Un corpus de plus de 700 de ces sépultures a été analysé, nécessitant la mise en œuvre d'outils méthodologiques inédits permettant des interprétations en termes de richesse et de genre puis d'en questionner les rapports. Les données funéraires ont été enrichies par les apports des données textuelles et iconographiques sur les sociétés nord-alpines, mais également par l'étude des rapports de genre dans les sociétés contemporaines, voisines du monde nord-alpin et mieux documentées. Tous ces éléments ont permis de préciser les fluctuations des rapports entre féminin et masculin, de mettre en évidence des moments d'ostentation importante du féminin et d'en tirer des hypothèses interprétatives sur les structures des sociétés nord-alpines envisagées.This book explores male-female relationships in the societies of the North Alpine world. The analysis is based on a corpus of more than 1000 graves spread across north-eastern France, southern Germany, Switzerland, Austria and Bohemia. The treatment of this corpus is twofold: the first part is dedicated to cemeteries, and reveals the existence of a social hierarchy in the societies that established them; the second part focuses on the elite graves that became more numerous from the Late Bronze Age through the middle of second Iron Age. The study of these burials required the development of methodological tools for interpreting the corpus in terms of wealth and gender, in order to question the relationships between male and female. The resulting funerary data has been supplemented with ancient textual and iconographical data, and broadened through an examination of gender relations in contemporary neighbouring societies of the North Alpine world. These elements enable the author to shed light on the developments that affected male-female relationships, as well as to highlight important periods in the emergence of women and, finally, to come to interpretative hypotheses about the social structures of the North Alpine societies under study.

This book is the first in-depth analysis of one of the most remarkable monuments of Ostia, the ancient port town of Rome: The Domus del Ninfeo (III, VI, 1-3). Originally built as a multi-storey complex during the reign of Hadrian, in Late Antiquity it was converted into a ground-floor mansion to serve the dominus and his extended family. During this phase the building was enriched with marble floors and the elegant nymphaeum that gives it its current name. This study aims to present a comprehensive picture of the Domus, analysing not only the many structural changes but also its topographical setting, historical context and social inferences. The text also features the archaeological drawings that were made during the study and the results of a clearance in an area of the house previously neglected; the latter has provided invaluable evidence for interesting structural modifications that were previously completely unknown.

El uso de brazaletes de piedra es uno de los fenómenos arqueológicos más destacado asociado a las primeras sociedades neolíticas en gran parte del Occidente Mediterráneo. Estos adornos se relacionan con el Neolítico Antiguo, caracterizado por el horizonte de las cerámicas decoradas cardiales y otras impresiones. En este libro se presenta el estudio petrológico, tecnológico, tipológico y traceológico realizado a estos adornos en la península ibérica. Estos análisis han permitido identificar culturalmente, a partir del uso, distribución y producción de los brazaletes, dos grupos culturales con un desarrollo social diferente y paralelo. Estos grupos son los tradicionalmente denominados como el Neolítico andaluz y el Neolítico valenciano. La distribución geográfica y cronológica de los brazaletes los convierte en un definidor cultural de las sociedades del Neolítico Inicial en estos ámbitos geográficos. De la misma forma, su artesanía, circulación y uso permite determinar parte del devenir socioeconómico de estas primeras poblaciones neolíticas.The use of stone bracelets is one of the most fascinating archaeological phenomena associated with the first Neolithic societies in most of the Western Mediterranean. These adornments are associated with the Early Neolithic, characterised by the advent of pottery with cardial and other impressed decorations. This book presents a petrological, technological, typological and traceological study of these bracelets in the Iberian Peninsula. Through these analyses, based on the use, distribution and production of the bracelets, the author identifies two cultural groups with different and parallel social developments. These groups are those traditionally known as the 'Andalusian Neolithic' and the 'Valencian Neolithic'. The geographic and chronological distribution of the bracelets makes them a cultural marker of Early Neolithic societies in these geographical areas. Similarly, analysis of their craftsmanship, circulation and use allows the author to determine aspects of the socioeconomic evolution of these first farming populations.

Paris Monographs in American Archaeology 37Situated in the heart of the Vilcabamba cordillera in Peru, some 150 km northwest of Cuzco, Choqek'iraw or Choquequirao ( the golden cradle in Quechua), is one of the most beautiful achievements of Inca architecture, and one of the very few pre-Hispanic sites displaying large wall mosaics showing geometric figures and llama caravans climbing the mountainside, the only one known from Inca times. Ethnohistoric sources suggest that Choqek'iraw was one of the Tupac Inca Yupanqui's palaces, but the excavations we conducted in peripheral residential areas suggest a much earlier occupation; it could begin in the early Intermediate Period (200 to 500 AD), and continue during the Late Intermediate (1000-1300 AD). Several elements also suggest that figures represented on the mosaics convey cosmological significance and are laid out following textile principles. Finally, the orientation of some buildings with the cardinal points and the presence of a truncated hill considered as an astronomical observatory, an ushnu, reinforce this hypothesis, suggesting that Choqek'iraw could have played the role of a regional agro-pastoral calendar and be considered as an important ritual centre or wak'a, and an oracular shrine dedicated to the triple Inca divinity of the Lightning. This book stems from an extensive French-Peruvian archaeological project conducted from 2003 to 2006, as part of a cooperation agreement between the French and Peruvian governments. It presents the results of the excavations that have been carried out, but also new hypotheses about the role - including symbolic - that this site may have played.

This study enunciates the position of prehistoric to early historic settlement-patterns in the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan. It brings forth structure-inference concerning settlement location, function, distribution and trend in settlement density at a regional scale with a view to understanding ecological adaptation and cultural changes through prehistoric to early historic periods. The method of regional analysis has developed models for explaining economic and functional relations between settlements. Economic development is understood through analysing variations in style and technologies used for certain artefacts like ceramics, lithics and metals. Functional differences in terms of raw material resources, smelting sites, processing sites and possible interactions between these are adequately looked into.

Studies in Contemporary and Historical Archaeology 6

This book explores trade routes along the Eastern Adriatic coast based primarily on the evidence of numerous 1st and 2nd century shipwrecks. All the known shipwrecks are catalogued, and the different cargoes as well as the ships' equipment, mostly amphorae and pottery, is discussed. Material found in the underwater sites of Croatia comes from the eastern workshops of the Aegean, but also from Hispania, Italy and Africa.

The Trail Creek Caves are located in limestone cliffs on the west bank of Trail Creek, Seward Peninsula, Alaska. In 1928, the Deering Eskimos Taylor Moto and Alfred Karmun found arrowheads there. Test excavations were then carried out in Cave 2 in 1948. Unfortunately, the excavated material was lost in a fire at Nome. Between 1949 and 1950, the Dane Helge Larsen carried out further excavations in Caves 2 and 9. Various types of lithic artefacts were recovered. All excavated sections of the caves contained bones in an excellent state of preservation, some of which were very numerous. Ever since Helge Larsen published the investigation of the Trail Creek Caves 2 and 9, their early dates and the supposed presence of man there have been the subject of intensive discussion. This fresh study represents an archaeozoological analysis of the bone material from Caves 2 and 9 excavated by Larsen in the 1940s. It examines whether the bones were accumulated by man and which activities can be deduced from the archaeological remains.

Papers from a session held at the European Association of Archaeologists Fourth Annual Meeting in Göteborg 1998This is a collection of eight papers given at the EAA Conference in 1998. The authors examine various social aspects of rock art: from rock art and gender, rock art as part of Bronze Age funerary rites, rock art in the context of materialism and cosmology, rock art as ritual landscape of hunter fisher gatherers to rock art as visual representation.

The genesis for this conference, and its subsequent proceedings, came from discussions held in the newly formed Archaeological Discussion group, a subgroup of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works' Objects specialty group, about the definition of an archaeological conservator and the directions in which the field was evolving.

This monograph aims to throw light on the construction and enaction of gender in the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Aegean, through analysis of a sample of 1660 previously published anthropomorphic figurines.

Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the European Association of South Asian Archaeology in Ravenna, Italy, July 2007.