Bücher der Reihe British Archaeological Reports International Series

Normally, in Archaeology, material culture tends to be the main object of study for past societies, especially those who have no written language. In this study the author also assumes that in addition to objects, landscape and spatial patterns are also part of the archaeological record to be analyzed. Today we know that the Iron Age Iberian territories are regional political entities that are characterized by a conscious organization and that prioritize different types of settlements, with a degree of complexity and dynamism consistent with that of other contemporary Mediterranean civilizations. But how can we identify the emergence of complexity in the archaeological record? We must realize we can not excavate the social organization of a community and therefore we must implement other methods of analysis to address such complexity. So just as it is accepted that the identity of human groups is expressed through material culture, the author argues that we expression must accept that the archaeological landscape as socio-cultural construction of these modes of and representation and likewise admit the value of analyzing the associated spatial and geographical processes. In this work the author examines both habitat and landscape variables to address the emergence of sociopolitical complexity in the Western Mediterranean Iron Age.

This work focuses on the region northeast of the province of Segovia, a transition area between the hills of the Sistema Central and the sedimentary basin of the Douro River, and documents a virtually unknown area from the archaeological point of view. The origin of the work derives from two investigations intending to work towards the Segovia Provincial Archaeological Inventory, and includes material from the Bronze Age to Roman periods.

An extensive sediment sampling project was part of the overall excavation strategy for the Tuscany Site Archaeological Project (EgPn-377), location of the University of Calgary field school from 1995-1997. A series of paleosols in the lower stratigraphy yielded charred botanical remains and other materials like insects and terrestrial mollusks. The charred botanical remains were the focus of this study, enabling a paleoenvironmental reconstruction analysis and a paleoethnobotanical interpretation for people living in the landscape at ~7800 years ago. This study provides a very rare glimpse and summary of some of the in situ paleo-vegetation cover found in a dry-land site on the high plains of North America during the early Holocene.

Liguria, North-West Italy, is a region sited between the Mediterranean and the Alps. Between XVI and XIII c. BC the region experienced continuity and discontinuity in material culture and land occupation strategy. That chronological period, known as Middle and Late Bronze Age, coincided with movements throughout the Central Mediterranean (Aegean Sea to Sardinia-Sicily-Southern Italy) and in Central Europe (Danube Valley until Eastern France and Eastern Italy). Indirect consequences of this movement can be seen in a marginal region like Liguria. A regional panorama of settlements and material culture is presented. Pottery continuity and discontinuity is analyzed and granted new perspectives by applying a techno-typological analytical model.

The University College London Lahun (Middle Kingdom) papyri constitute one of the most remarkable harvests of papyri of any age. This volume communicates the content of the surviving letters and letter fragments from the Petrie excavations at Lahun in an accessible and affordable format. The letters and fragments are from original letters: model letters, letter copies, and reports are reserved for future publications. The volume is intended not only for Egyptological researchers, but also for learners in higher and further education. This mass of writing calls for a more nuanced appreciation of the roles of writing and reading, and the social reach of the written culture across the different classes, ages, genders inhabiting this architecture and landscape. (The reader will find three means of access to the original content: Printed pages with transcriptions, transliterations, and translations; A printed index; The entire collection of papyri available to download on-line.)

Contents: Introduction (Robert Hillenbrand); I. METALWORK AND TEXTILES: The Freer Canteen: Jerusalem or Jazira? (Teresa Fitzherbert); Mamluk Textiles (Maria Sardi); The Captivating Power of Textiles (Miriam Ali-de-Unzaga); II. CERAMICS: Unravelling the Enigmatic Fourteenth-Century Mamluk and Mongol Fine Wares: How to Solve the Problem (Rosalind A.

The Valley of Sagittarius and the Peligna Dell between the fourth and first centuries BC: Trends and Delvelopments of Romanization. In the Peligna Valley, there is a poor understanding of Romanization as a phenomenon. The state of the documentation is very substantial but it is fragmentary and unsystematic in large parts. This book examines the most significant discoveries and studies in the Sagittarius valley and Peligna Dell from the beginning of the modern era to the present time. The theme of Romanization is introduced and defined from an historical point of view and the methodology that is followed is looked at, examining the advantages and limitations involved.

The Moche art style is best known through its highly refined ceramic vessels, which frequently accompanied burials. Estimates suggest that there are over 100,000 Moche vessels in museum and private collections worldwide (Donnan 1976: 13). The vessels, often decorated in a strongly pictorial style uncharacteristic of art of the Central Andean region, offer modern viewers tantalizing glimpses of Moche worldview. The highly consistent and formalized iconography on Moche vessels has been the topic of numerous studies, beginning around the middle of the last century, which have shed light on important aspects of Moche society such as mythology, social organization and ceremonialism. A particularly confounding subset of Moche ceramics portrays figures, including deities, skeletal beings, humans and animals, engaged in sexual acts. While such vessels inevitably arouse the interest of modern museum visitors, to date, relatively few scholarly studies have investigated the emic meanings of Moche sexual vessels and the artistic intent behind their creation. This study focuses on portrayals of an often-depicted Moche deity who, in this instance, copulates with a woman figure and argues that such images drew upon widespread beliefs concerning the functions of a vital cosmos to make potent ideological claims of legitimacy in a richly metaphorical visual landscape.

This book presents proceedings of the 17th Rencontres Sabeennes held in Paris, 6-8 June 2013.

Proceedings of the international conference, Iäi, Romania, November 6-10, 2013Archaeological heritage helps to define the age and origins of a culture, the history and traditions of a nation, a country or a certain ethno-cultural space in relation to other states or cultural spaces. Today, archaeological goods are treated as part of all humanity, which needs to be treated accordingly. The preservation of archaeological sites is strongly linked to the study, safeguarding and evaluation of unearthed archaeological vestiges. At the same time, this field is faced with the need to salvage or restore sites. As cultural heritage, archaeological goods are very attractive for collectors, and become subjects of illicit activities such as illegal excavations and trade. Hence, for preserving archaeological heritage we need an efficient management with a frame of activities focused on preserving, researching, conservation, and restoration of the cultural resources for future generations.European and international Conventions play an important role in the process of archaeological heritage preservation, but one of the most important acts is the revised European Convention on the Protection of Archaeological Heritage. Two decades after the signing of the Valletta Convention (Malta, 1992), it is the time to do a large evaluation of its implementation. All countries have a rich past, but they have different systems for cultural heritage preservation, from regional autonomy to federal control.Under the aegis of the lasi Institute of Archaeology of the Romanian Academy - lasi branch, the project entitled Current Trends in Archaeological Heritage Preservation: National and International Perspectives was launched in 2011 with the financial support of the Romanian National Council of Scientific Research (CNCS), with the intent purpose of analysing the archaeological-heritage preservation policies of Romania and their interplay with the European and international counterparts.Out of the project came the organisation of an international conference which took place in lasi on the 6th- 10th November 2013. The event was organised by the Iasi Institute of Archaeology in partnership with the European Association of Archaeologists, the "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, the "Moldova" National Museum Complex from Iasi and the National Museum of Romanian History, Bucharest. The conference's goal was to share the experience and to discuss actual situation on the field of archaeological heritage preservation in various countries. This volume gathers most of the papers presented at the conference, and itspublication is meant to disseminate to an audience, as wide as possible, the latest work of those working in the field and to promote the latest trends in the protection and management of the archaeological heritage.

This study concerns the economic and social history of Fundi in Roman times. Fundi is a town in southern coastal Latium and was especially active in Late-Republican and Imperial times. The author traces the historical development of the city from the earliest data through to Roman times. The region is one of the lesser studied territories in Latium, and whereas other regional cities have had archaeological surveys, studies and researches, data on Fondi and its immediate environs are inadequate. This work remedies this lacuna and adds to the available knowledge of a city that was important in Roman times. The new data was provided by the author's personal surveys, leading to the discovery of unknown testimonies of Roman occupation and new epigraphic records. Furthermore, the author was able to use other interesting and underestimated (or unknown) local sources, such as antiquarians of previous centuries who were able to see and describe ancient buildings, roads and epigraphic evidence that is now lost to us. There are six main chapters: the first is an introduction; the second presents data on pre-Roman times; the third is concerned with so-called 'romanisation', the fourth is dedicated to the late Republic; the fifth deals with Imperial times; the final chapter covers Late Antiquity.

The subject of this work is the pottery (amphorae, vessels, lamps, small objects and architectural ceramic) of Roman Africa from the 2nd to the 7th century. It is based on a large assemblage from several settlements in south of France (Marseilles), in Tunisia (Nabeul, Hammamet/Pupput, Sidi Jdidi, Oudhna, Carthage, Thuburbo Majus, El Jem) and in the Eastern Mediterranean (Alexandria, Beirut). In the first part, the author examines different aspects of production (epigraphy, petrography, workshops, technology). The second part is devoted to the typology and the chronology of amphorae, red slip ware, cooking wares, coarse ware, handmade wares, lamps, figurines and moulds, tiles and vaulting tubes, with some new proposals for classification and dating. Economic patterns are discussed in the third part, including the processes of commercialisation (outside and inside Africa), the contents of amphorae and the historical interpretations of the large diffusion of African pottery. This book won the prize of Hippo 2004 the Academy of Sciences , Agriculture, Arts and Belles Lettres d'Aix / Cet ouvrage a obtenu le prix d'Hippone 2004 de l'Académie des Sciences, Agriculture, Arts et Belles Lettres d'Aix

The subject of this monograph is the archaeology of the jew's harp in Europe. It is based on archaeological finds collected from various sources and compiled into a database.

This detailed survey of the archaeological evidence reassesses the Middle Assyrian period, when the first Assyrian empire can be said to have been founded as a result of large scale military expansion.

While the present inquiry charts new territory in Roman cultural research, there are in fact two academic disciplines that have long recognised the relationship between clothing and identity and have established useful theoretical frameworks in which to examine this relationship: anthropology and sociology. Following the introduction, chapter 2 begins with a discussion of the symbolic meanings of dress as identified by sociologists and anthropologists based on their research in more modern contexts. The next two sections set out the chronological and geographical scope of the study by explaining the time period chosen and the boundaries and histories of the study's three areas. This investigation is primarily focussed on depictions on grave monuments. The reasons for this, as well as a discussion of the nature of the sources and their unique potential to inform us about identity, are the subject of chapter 3. More technical aspects of the use of Roman gravestones are included in Appendix III. In order to be able to gauge the effect integration into the Roman Empire had on the dress behaviour of the Rhine-Moselle population, it is important first to establish what was worn in the region before Roman conquest. This is closely linked to the question of the origins of the garments found in the Roman period. The first part of chapter 4 puts forward a number of new theories regarding pre-Roman dress in the region and the origins of garments. As a result, and also due to a certain amount of confusion in terminology in previous studies, the second part of chapter 4 presents a typology of garments including brief descriptions. Each garment is given a code number to facilitate identification in the catalogue which includes all civilian funerary monuments depicting identifiable clothing from the Rhine-Moselle region. Chapter 5 discusses the results from analysing dress behaviour on the stones in the catalogue which is presented, primarily in graphical form, in Appendix II. The penultimate section of chapter 5 investigates the meaning of headwear in general and the possible significance of the various bonnets that appear to have played such a central role in native dress in the Rhine-Moselle region. The final section looks at the phenomenon of mixing garments of different origin within the same outfit as a solution to the 'problem of what to wear' in a complicated cultural environment. A general summary and comparison of these results is undertaken in the conclusion (chapter 6) in order to link the findings back to the current state of Roman cultural studies and to assess how these findings contribute to our understanding of the social processes at work in the provinces of the Roman Empire.

This book includes papers from a Round Table event on small vertebrate research held by l'Institut Ecologie et Environment du CNRS in October 2009.

This research focuses on the Bronze Age in selected areas of Korea; Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi province. Two forms of evidence - settlements and monuments - are taken into account to identify their relationship with landscape and the social changes occurring between ca. 1500 to 400 cal BC. Life and death in the Bronze Age in Korea has not been synthetically investigated before, due to the lack of evidence from settlements. However, since academic and rescue excavations have increased, it is now possible to examine the relationship between settlements and monuments on a broad scale and over a long-term sequence, although there are still limitations in the archaeological evidence. The results of GIS (Geographical Information System) analysis and Bayesian modelling of the radiocarbon dates from this region can be interpreted as suggesting that Bronze Age people in the mid-Korean peninsula had certain preferences for their habitation and mortuary places. The locations of two archaeological sites were identified and statistical significance was generated for their positioning on soil that was associated with agriculture. It was found that settlements tended to be located at a higher elevation with fine views and that monuments tended to be situated in the border zones between mountains and plains and also within the boundary of a 5km site catchment adjusted for energy expenditure, centring on each settlement. This configuration is reminiscent of the concept of the auspicious location, as set out in the traditional geomantic theory of Pungsu. It can be argued that Bronze Age people chose the place for the living and the dead with a holistic perspective and a metaphysical approach that placed human interaction with the natural world at the centre of their decision-making processes. These concepts were formed out of the process of a practical adaptation to the Bronze Age landscape and environment in order to practice agriculture as a subsistence economy, but they also exerted a profound influence upon later Korean peoples and their identities.

These archaeological studies offer to provide an alternative tour through Vesuvian cities. One way to see Pompeii, for example, is via its hydraulic systems, from the higher parts to waterlogged landfills at the mouth of Sarno. They invite you to walk the streets amidst the traces of regulation issued in municipal law and the free initiative of those who built and maintained the sidewalks. The graffiti and paintings allow us to take a tour specially designed to understand the tastes and devotions of the inhabitants of the Vesuvian cities. Thus, disparate themes researched separately may be presented here as a coherent work that initiates the visitor into Vesuvian studies. Each author gives us a particular tour of the specifics of the cities and villages of the Vesuvian area, its story, furniture, findings and the research process that has been developed over many years.

Archaeological investigations of the early eighteenth century fortifications in Casale Monferrato, northern Italy.

The Seminar on the Archaeology of Western France, which focused on the islands of Brittany, was held on 1 April 2014 at the University of Rennes 1. The desire to organize this seminar arose spontaneously from the dynamism which currently animates archaeological research on island spaces of the western seaboard of France. Indeed, the seminar took place during a pivotal period of archaeological research covering these islands. A multidisciplinary approach to the question of insularity appears essential, in view of the large amount of research currently undertaken on this topic from the historical, ethnographic and geographical points of view. Accordingly, a comparative analysis of prehistoric and recent island societies would seem to have a true long-term potential for research (to understand in a diachronic way the organization between islands, the relations between large and small islands, the dynamics of exploitation of resources and the degree of dependence with respect to the continent, etc.). Comparisons with other island systems would also offer a particularly rich and relevant approach to refine our study of the problems of insularity. This publication brings together various participants of research on islands, including archeologists, archeometrists, archeomalacologists, geographers, historians, etc.

Archaeobotanical investigation was conducted on a total of thirty two thousand (n=32,000) pot fragments, baked clay and fired clay collected from different sites belonging to five Cultural Groups in Eastern Sudan. The Cultural Groups include Amm Adam, Butana, Gash, Jebel Mokram, and Hagiz. Soil samples (6 kilos) were also analyzed from various excavation spots at Mahal Teglinos, a major site that rendered data on Butana, Gash, Jebel Mokram and Hagiz Groups. The objective of the study was to reconstruct ancient food systems of the pre-historic inhabitants of a region of Northeast Africa and its environmental milieu. The result of the study demonstrated the subsistence bases of the inhabitants from ca. 6,000 B.C. to 200/300 A.D. Crops like the small seededmillets (Setaria sp., Eleusine sp., Paspalum sp., Echinochloa sp., Pennisetum sp.), Sorghum verticilliflorum, Sorghum bicolor bicolor, Hordeum sp., Triticum monococcum/dicoccum, and seeds and fruit stones (Vigna unguiculata, Grewia bicolor Juss., Ziziphus sp. (mainly Ziziphus spina christi) and Celtis integrifolia) were cultivated for consumption during this period. The study has also shed new light on the domestication history of Sorghum bicolor. The wild Sorghum, Sorghum bicolor verticilliflorum and its cultivated variety, Sorghum bicolor were simultaneously exploited by the Jebel Mokram Group people between 2,000 B.C. and 1,000 B.C. One of the oldest domesticated morphotype of Sorghum bicolor, i.e. an intermediary phase between the wild progenitor and its domesticated variety was revealed by the same investigation. Morphological change that has occurred while the species was evolving from wild to cultivated is measured using a Leica Qwin software.

Papers from the II International Conference of Transition Archaeology: Death Archaeology 29th April -­ 1st May 2013

This book delivers information and technology skills to people around the world. It provides a comprehensive overview of networking, from fundamentals to novel applications and services. The book emphasizes theoretical concepts and practical application, while providing opportunities for you to gain the skills and hands-on experience needed to design and analyse novel geomatic applications. In particular, the book implements the curriculum of various disciplines involved in cultural and natural heritage conservation. This book also represents the official supplemental textbook for Academic courses in cultural and natural heritage curriculum for Universities and Research Centres. As a textbook, this book provides a ready reference to explain the integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) for Cultural and Natural Heritage Conservation and Valorisation. This book emphasizes key topics, terms, and activities and provides many alternate explanations and examples as compared with geomatics courses and programmes. You can use the book as a reference book in geomatics programmes and as a main textbooks in courses on cultural and natural heritages to help solidify your understanding of all the mentioned topics.

This study uses geomorphological and spatial evidence to examine site locational strategies in the Terramare culture. The emergence of this culture is partly due to movement of population into the Emilian plain south of the river Po, followed by intensive exploitation of this new environment. Around 1150 BC., five centuries after its formation, the Terramare culture experienced a generalized collapse. The aim of studying forms of settlement in this area is to provide a better understanding of the particularities. This research shows, through reconstruction of the Bronze Age drainage network, close links between terramares and watercourses, notably including diversion of streams into the ditches surrounding the sites. This activity is probably linked to the development of irrigation and drainage. The active status of alluvial ridges during this period is discussed. The latter involving the three areas identified. Some hypotheses are then put forward about social organization, shedding light on certain ritual and votive practices, in a context where this kind of data is quite rare. Lastly, the sudden appearance and decline of this culture are put into perspective.

The aim of the study is to examine technological, cognitive and symbolic aspects of metallurgy in southern Norway from the Bronze Age (i.e. 1700-500 cal. BC to the beginning of the Late Neolothic, i.e. c. 2400 cal. BC. Two sets of ideas are scrutinized: 1) ideas that have governed and still govern archaeological concepts of the Bronze Age, and 2) ideas that moulded Bronze Age mentality, arising, it is argued, from physical experience with metallurgy.

Papers from the conference held by The Friends of the Whithorn Trust in Whithorn on September 15th 2007This book includes papers from the international conference held at Chester, England, in February 2007 on Roman Amphitheatres and Spectacular.

The contributors to the present volume were asked to variously address its central theme from perspectives offered by jointly anthropological and archaeological approaches, as well as to engage some of the philosophical implications of landscape as highly interdisciplinary concept - one, which can and does draw upon a range of life and physical sciences.

The papers that form up this collection of studies originate in a session organized by the present author at the 15th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists at Riva del Garda, in 15-20 September 2009.

The seventh 'Notebook on Military Archaeology and Architecture' presents the reports of the Congress '1744. La campagna gallispana in Piemonte', which took place in Turin in November 2005. Contributors outlined the main topics relating to the history and archaeology of a military campaign in Piedmont during the War of the Austrian Succession, when Spanish and French forces fought against the army of the king of Piedmont-Sardinia. Several papers describe the military and strategic proceeding of campaign, others examine the field-fortifications of the Varaita valley, the fortress of Demonte and the fortress and siege of Cuneo, the military actions and battlefields of Pietralunga, in the Varaita valley, and Madonna dell'Olmo near Cuneo, ending with the military organisations of the opposing armies. The aim of the Congress, and this collection of papers, is to create both a general and exact picture of a singular military event so as to present it from all possible points of view: historical, archaeological, historico-architectural and historico-territorial.

Early Polynesian social development, and its dispersal through migration, are hotly debated topics, though this development is thought to have been centred on Tonga. This thesis uses material from Tongan archaeological sites to attempt to form more definite conclusions about ancestral Polynesian society, and to attempt to trace its development. It also provides a ceramic chronology for Tonga, which was previously lacking. Using Tongan evidence, along with comparative material from elsewhere in western Polynesia, it provides new insights into this ongoing debate. It is therefore an important contribution to the study of early Polynesian society.