Bücher der Reihe British Archaeological Reports International Series

The extraordinary side-spouted gold jug hereby presented and discussed was found in the Royal Tomb III discovered under room 57 in the North-West Palace at Nimrud. The gold jug was, with other astonishing grave goods probably belonging to Hamâ (an Assyrian queen unknown up to recent times), in bronze Coffin 2, one of the three coffins placed in the antechamber. The aim of this study is not only to shed light on this unique vessel, investigating the method of manufacture, decoration, and functional aspect, but also to identify the possible workshop and date range of production. The comparison with coeval archaeological findings places it within a historical framework of artistic, economic and socio-political interactions. The combined results of these analyses suggest that the golden jug, instead of a gift or tribute, may have been produced for the royal court in the Neo-Assyrian international cultural milieu, into which manifold traditions coexisted. La straordinaria brocca in oro protagonista di questo studio venne rinvenuta all'interno della Tomba reale III al di sotto dell'ambiente 57 del Palazzo Nord-Ovest di Nimrud. La brocca faceva parte, insieme ad altri oggetti preziosi del ricchissimo corredo funerario di Hamâ, una regina assira sconosciuta fino al momento della scoperta della tomba, deposti nel Sarcofago 2, rinvenuto con altri due sarcofagi bronzei nell'anticamera dell'ipogeo. Obbiettivo di questo studio è stato non soltanto mettere in luce la tecnica di manifattura e le peculiari caratteristiche della decorazione figurata di questa piccola brocca ma anche la formulazione di ipotesi interpretativi riguardanti la sua cronologia, l'area di produzione e la funzione. L'individuazione di confronti sia formali che iconografici e tematici ha permesso di inserire la brocca in un variegato lessico artistico internazionale in cui convivono tradizioni culturali differenti, e di riconoscerla come una vivida testimonianza delle diverse dinamiche di produzione e diffusione degli oggetti di lusso nei primi secoli del I millennio a.C., oltre che degli usi funerari e della complessa struttura sociale della corte assira.

El presente libro es la continuación de Estudios Arqueológicos del Área Vesubiana I. Ambos son recopilaciones de investigaciones - en su mayoría, españolas - sobre los yacimientos de Pompeya, Herculano, Estabia y Oplontis. Los estudios presentados abarcan temas de todos los estadios humanísticos e históricos sobre las ciudades antiguas: investigaciones puramente arqueológicas: tipologías de domus, de atrios, de foros, de materiales constructivos, de necrópolis; estudios iconográficos de casas, como la Villa delle colonne a mosaico, de personajes concretos, como el dios Dioniso, de ornitología y de pintura neoclásica; estudios filológicos de inscripciones y de poemas de los grandes autores griegos y latinos; estudios legislativos y jurídicos, como las leyes de las vías públicas y las aceras; investigaciones sobre aspectos cotidianos, como la seguridad; estudios historiográficos; estudios de interpretación; estudios paleontológicos y arqueozoológicos; estudios informáticos: la arqueología virtual y el laboratorio que supone Pompeya; y estudios cinematográficos.This book aims to be the continuation of Archaeological Studies of the Vesuvian Area I. Both are collections of research papers - most of them by Spanish authors - on the sites of Pompeii, Herculaneum, Stabia and Oplontis. The presented works cover subjects from every humanistic and historical dimension about the ancient cities: strictly archaeological research: typologies of domus, atria, fora, building materials, necropolis; iconographical studies of houses, such as the Villa delle colonne a mosaico, of individual characters, such as the god Dionysus, of ornithology and of neoclassical painting; philological studies of inscriptions and poems of great Greek and Latin authors; legislative and juridical studies, such as the laws about the public roads and pavements; research of daily aspects, such as security; historiographical studies; interpretative studies; paleontological and zooarchaeological studies; computer studies: virtual archaeology and the lab that Pompeii represents; and cinematographic studies.

An in-depth study of Neolithic material and sites from western France that answers many questions in terms of the neolithization of Europe and future developments in the British Isles. This volume presents a new perspective on the neolithisation of the Armorican Massif, based on an examination of lithic material and its spatial ordering. The emphasis is on the detection of sites where raw material was extracted, and of workshops where bangles and stone axeheads (especially those of fibrolite) were manufactured; this allows the author to investigate the 'chaines operatoires' involved and their spatial organisation. The author places the conclusions of this research within a broader consideration of the evidence relating to the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition process in Armorica, and considers ways in which aspects of this process correlate with, and others diverge from, the cultural dynamics of the fifth millennium BC in the northern half of France. The approach adopted here, with its emphasis on the production and modes of diffusion of bangles and axeheads has the potential for more general application to the study of 'socially valorised artefacts' elsewhere in Continental Europe.

César Fornis is Professor of Ancient History at Seville University. This monograph examines the ancient sources (literary, archaeological, epigraphical, numismatic) and historiographical trends relating to the Corinthian War at the beginning of the fourth century BC.

Acts of the XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Liège, 2-8 September 2001Colloque / Symposium 6.6

At the heart of this study of Roman pottery in Macedonian Greece is a catalogue of over 1,900 vessels from five sites in the area of: Amphipolis, Philppi, Kepia, Abdera and Thasos.

This volume had its inception in an EAA session (in Thessalonica, Greece in September 2002) which covered issues of social theory and gender in Archaeology. Of the 8 papers in this volume, 4 were presented during the session and a further 4 were prepared especially for this publication.

The subject of this volume is the corpus of 203 Bronze Age anthropomorphic clay figurines and figurine fragments recovered from various archaeological contexts at Umm el-Marra, Syria, between 1994 and 2002. As a class of objects, anthropomorphic clay figurines are an important subject of study because they are very common in the archaeological record and yet they are poorly understood. Figurines appear to have been an integral part of daily life for the people of the ancient Near East as early as the Neolithic period and continued to be crafted and used for millennia. Despite this ubiquity, many crucial questions about the figurines have yet to be answered: Who or what is being represented? Why does their appearance change over time, and what is the relationship between their style and chronology? What were these figurines used for, and what can these enigmatic objects tell us about the lives and beliefs of ancient people?

This research focuses on the complex issue of olive oil processing and the resulting technological changes associated with the olive oil industry during this industry's expansion from a small scale domestic to large-scale industrial technology during the Chalcolithic through Iron Ages (c. 4300-586 BC) in Syro-Palestine. The ultimate goal is to see if the level or type of olive oil technology used at sites can be determined based on their olive remains. However, before this could occur, the author prepares a methodology, the components of which include 1) an ethnographic study investigating how traditional oil pressing and processing affect olive remains, and the incorporation of those remains into the archaeological record, and 2) experimental studies to determine how different processing methods might affect olive remains and their incorporation into the archaeological record. The results from the experimental and ethnographic studies are then applied to archaeological remains from a Late Neolithic site to determine the possible type of processing technology. The type of processing indicated by the comparison of the experimental to the archaeological remains, crushing in a small basin, matches the olive oil processing artifacts and features found at the site. The methods used in this study can be applied to other paleoethnobotanical remains and technologies. Contents: Introduction; Origins and early history of the olive; Ethnographic research; Experimental research; Testing an archaeological sample; Olive oil, trade, and the city state; Conclusions.

This book is a military organisational history of the Roman Empire on the lower Danube from the emperor Augustus (r. 27 BC-AD 14) to the emperor Severus Alexander (r. AD 222-235). Using a diverse body of evidence, from Roman military diplomas to funerary inscriptions and literary sources, the book looks at changes in troop disposition involving the legions, auxiliary units, the vexillations and the naval units based in Moesia Superior and Inferior, and around the northern and western coasts of the Black Sea. The book also examines the emplacement of the region's units, and contextualises both the disposition of troops and their emplacement in terms of regional strategy and the strategy of the empire as a whole. Besides the discussion and analysis, the book also includes detailed maps of the region and useful tables that summarise the results.

With an introduction by Professor Rodolfo Fattovich.Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 77Series Editors: John Alexander, Laurence Smith and Timothy Insoll.

Volume 3 in this series on Pre-Columbian figurines concentrates on pottery figurines from the south coast, the highlands and the 'Selva' (tropical rain forests) of Peru. It details a collection of 784 figurines: 536 from the South Coast, 230 from the Sierra and 18 from the Selva. The main aim of this work has been to record the figurines and to classify them into iconographically and stylistically meaningful groups, thus providing a user-friendly Corpus. For each geographic area the figurine groups are presented in chronological order. Each figurine is listed on a Table, containing all the relevant data (collection, site provenance, sex, measurements, surface colour, manufacturing technique, special features and reference to publications) and is illustrated on a Plate. The analytical part lists the group characteristics and discusses special features, links with other groups, context, geographic distribution and chronology of each group or sub-group. Volume 1 (The Pottery Figurines of the North Coast of Peru has already appeared as BAR S1941 (2009).

This work addresses the question of the Egyptian Hegemony during the 13th century BCE: its nature and its cultural processes, and the analysis of the Egyptian-style pottery in three Canaanite City-States is used to provide the proofs of the Egyptian presence there. The author has chosen the archaeological sites of Hazor, Megiddo and Lachish for a case study. Situated in three different regions of Southern Canaan, these three cities are known to be powerful and rich during the 13th century BCE. The Egyptian pottery of these sites has been identified and classified in a typology with numerous parallels to the Egyptian contemporaneous sites. A fabric analysis has been made from description of a fresh break section taken from each sample studied and, in a few cases completed by a petrographic analysis. All the data are gathered in an electronic database and can be consulted for further studies about this corpus. From the interpretation of the corpus, the author presents a spatial analysis of the Egyptian-Style pottery for each identified building in each site in order to shed light on an Egyptian presence at these cities and to qualify this presence.

with Addenda et Corrigenda to Ludolf Stephani, Die Vasen-Sammlung der Kaiserlichen Ermitage (1869)The Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg has one of the world's great collections of Greek vases. In addition to the numerous vases and fragments found on Russian territory, it includes those found in Italy and acquired directly or purchased from other collectors, most notably the Marquis Campana, Antonio Giuseppe Pizzati and Countess Laval. The history of this part of the Hermitage collection of vases has never before been told in full. Taking Ludolf Stephani's catalogue of 1869, Die Vasensammlung der Kaiserlichen Ermitage, as a starting point and studying a vast body of previously ignored archive documents, the authors (two of them curators of Greek vases in the Hermitage Museum) follow the formation of the collection up to 1869, establishing its sources and identifying a number of previously under-estimated or ignored Russian collectors of antiquities. The Hermitage collection is set not only within the Russian cultural context but within the wider picture of a pan-European interest in antiquities and their display. Since Stephani's catalogue is still the main source for scholars of vases and vase collections, the book includes a valuable list of addenda and corrigenda to the provenances he provides for vases from private collections (those found during excavations on Russian territory are largely correct).

This volume publishes a selection of nine papers from the 2001 CRE conference held in Liverpool.

Mycenaean Art: A Psychological Approach

Defensive Architecture of Prehistory Crete

In addressing the subject of the representation of Islam in museums, this work undertakes to examine both its production and consumption.

Studies in Contemporary and Historical Archaeology 4

Proceedings of the XV IUPPS World Congress (Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006)Series Editor: Luiz Oosterbeek.This book contains both English and French papers.

Vestland cauldrons, made of copper alloy and with a distinctive concave shape, were used in a Scandinavian context as cinerary urns, and are found in western Norway, as well as in smaller numbers in Sweden with one Danish find. Larger depositions (most usually without a funerary context) are found on the wider continent.

In 1994-1997, the Yale University Khabur Basin Project excavated Tell Ziyadeh on the Middle Khabur River of Northeastern Syria. This monograph describes two pioneering settlements: fifth millennium BC Ubaid and early third millennium. It discusses the research programme and strategies; reviews the modern and palaeoenvironments; and provides separate chapters describing the various excavation areas, as well as the ceramic, lithic, faunal and botanical remains found in them. Two chapters describe small-scale excavations at Mashnaqa and Kuran, sites with occupation histories paralleling Ziyadeh. The monograph concludes with a discussion of the immigration by fifth-millennium Ubaid settlers into a virgin landscape in the Khabur, and the gradual transition into a widespread Late Chalcolithic tradition. It provides a reconstruction of the realities of life in these small homesteads, which comprised a society of closely interacting settlements and remained viable for hundreds of years before moving elsewhere, as simultaneously as they had initially arrived.With contributions by Jennifer Arzt, Benjamin Diebold, Miroslava Gregerová, Gregory Johnson, Nicholas Kouchoukos, Joy McCorriston, Scott Rufolo and Dalibor Všianský

The Egyptian Museum of Florence has one of the most important ushabti collections in Italy and Europe. The collection contains around eight hundred ushabtis, which originally belonged to different collections: Granducale, Nizzoli, Rosellini, Ricci, Schiaparelli. Other smaller groups contain objects belonging to different sources collected within the 19th and 20th centuries. The ushabti corpus of Florence belongs to the end of the Second Intermediate and Roman Period. In 2008, the "Ushabti Project" was started by the Egyptology and the Coptic Civilization Study Centre "J.F. Champollion" of Genoa, in cooperation with the Egyptian Museum of Florence, which were interested in a complete study and scientific publication of a new catalogue concerning the ushabti collection. The catalogue is divided into several volumes, providing a complete documentation of the Florence ushabti collection. This volume contains a general introduction about the history of the collection, the abbreviations and textual codes, the records, a photographic section, a useful index and a bibliography.

The distribution of ceramic juglets in the eastern Mediterranean of the Middle to Late Bronze Age has become linked to the provision of precious commodities, such as perfumed oil to lower elite segments of society. This research represents the first systematic investigation of the circulation of juglets, as functionally distinct forms which offer a fine-grained dataset for examining wider issues related to commodity production, distribution and consumption. The chronological depth and spatial breadth of this study offer an opportunity to trace developments in the social and economic significance in the intra- and inter-regional distribution of this form, contributing also to an understanding of changing inter-regional contacts throughout the eastern Mediterranean. The analysis presented here addresses patterns of production (including evidence for regionalism and specialist manufacture), consumption strategies within and between societies and over time, as well as producer-consumer dynamics such as bilateral trade links, selective marketing and branding.

This book synthesises archaeological and historical research in order to investigate Maltese water management technology in the Medieval, Early Modern and Modern periods, more specifically between AD 900 and AD 1900. Maltese terrestrial geological formations and stratification are a determining factor in conditioning the formation of subterranean aquifers, water-harvesting and storage, landscape development and utilisation. Central to this publication are reservoirs, cisterns, wells and perched aquifer galleries, which have for centuries provided farmers tilling arable land with a supplementary water source other than the limited and erratic seasonal rainfall. The data and conclusions presented in this book are the result of extensive personal field and archival research and include an assessment of the available documentary sources of evidence, including place names and cartographic sources. Comparative research suggests that a number of perched aquifer subterranean galleries share common characteristics with the qanat technology of the Islamic and Roman worlds and, in a Maltese context, were possibly part of a new agricultural and technological package introduced during the Muslim or post-Muslim period between the eleventh and the fourteenth centuries AD.

This study proposes to examine the case of Homo erectus whose phylogenetic position and taxonomic status remain unclear despite considerable research aimed at identifying this taxon from archaic forms.

This is an archaeological study of social organization and change in a late prehispanic population of northern Chile. The research involves contextual examination of the occurrence of highland ceramic styles and materials and drawing inferences concerning local socio-political structures. Excavation at four sites dating to the Late Intermediate and Late Periods (AD 1100-1500) revealed no evidence of highland colonists or colonial enclaves. Household artefact assemblages showed: (a) that despite the presence of highland trade goods, the cultural pattern resembles local coastal traditions; (b) no indications of pronounced social or wealth differences; (b) great continuity through time in domestic activities; and (c) significant shifts in ceramic style preferences, highland import assemblages, textile production and access to metal ornaments. An important suprahousehold change of the Late Period was the nucleation of population at Molle Pampa Este, a site containing architecture (an ushnu and plaza) associated with imperial Inka administration and public ceremony.

Papers from the EAA Third Annual Meeting at Ravenna 1997. Volume IVThis book includes papers presented at a session of EAA 97 span from the Palaeolithic to modern times and address various aspects of material culture including pottery, stone tools, beads, metals and architecture. The papers reflect the widespread interest which has arrisen in the last decade in the social agency of ancient material culture production and they make a valuable contribution to the development of the theoretical foundations of the study of ancient technology.