Bücher der Reihe British Archaeological Reports International Series

An art historical/contextual study of various representations of the Russian/Ukrainian saints Boris and Gleb, the first saints to be canonized after the country's Christianization. They were martyred between 1015-19 and buried in the Vyshhorod Cathedral. They are traditionally represented as two young princes, holding either a martyr's cross or armed with swords or spears.

Proceedings of the XVI World Congress of the International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences (Florianopolis, Brazil, 4-10 September 2011). Volume 1, Session 17Edited by Emmanuel Anati (Chairman) , Luiz Oosterbeek (Co-Chairman) and Federico Mailland (Co-editor)

This study examines the domestic architecture produced by the Late Dorset, an Arctic-adapted hunter-gatherer society which occupied much of the Eastern North American Arctic between circa 1500 B.P. and 500 B.P. Throughout this research, architecture, like any artefact class, is considered a dynamic and socially constructed technology that is produced, maintained, and transmitted by its practitioners. It is replicated via sequences of learned actions or techniques; patterns thus result from adherence to cultural standards while differences represent instances of technological divergence. Such departures are typically ignored or suppressed in closed systems, although they can be tolerated or even widely adopted in more flexible ones. In order to identify and explore patterning in Late Dorset domestic architecture, this analysis adopts a methodological strategy centred on the chaîne opératoire. Viewed through the lens of chaîne opératoire, domestic architecture is treated as a conduit for informing on Late Dorset social structure and organisation. As part of this investigation, a multi-scalar research design was implemented. The first analytical scale examined architecture across the entire Eastern Arctic Palaeoeskimo period in order to recognise regional patterns of behavioural variability. The second stage of analysis focused on the micro-scale study of architectural remains from three locations, each presented as fully contextualised case studies.

This volume presents research on the early Middle Palaeolithic in Cantabrian Spain (northern Atlantic façade), in particular on the economic and social behaviour of the Neanderthal groups living in the region between OIS 7 and OIS 4. The study is focused on the production, management and use of lithic tools, the strategies to capture and work with animal and plant resources, the ways of exploiting the territory and the range of social organisation within a diachronic and regional framework. This approach emphasises the reconstruction of the whole technical system as it reflects the social system and the historical dynamics in which it developed.

Archeologia di una battaglia e delle sue fortificazioni sulle Alpi fra Piemonte e Delfinato Italia nord-occidentale

The first five centuries of Christian pre-eminence in what is now modern Hungary present their own special questions. Among them, did the end of the 5th century mean a real break in the whole of the Christian world or only in Pannonia (modern Hungary), or should a chronological boundary be drawn at some other date? This survey divides the period into two, before and after Constantine (ancient and early Christianity), and, from the evidence of the finds, explores the important changes that occurred in the era. The results throw considerable light on the populations of the various faiths and the gradual acknowledgment of the Christian religion.

The author sets himself two objectives in this study. One is to introduce alternative methods for the construction of chronological frameworks in order to determine the development sequence of Chalcolithic (5100-3500 BC) society in the Jordan Valley region of the southern Levant. In this regard, the work addresses a number of issues relating to settlement and social change throughout the period and proposes several explanations based on the sequence of events. The second objective is to evaluate the theoretical and methodological understandings associated with the classification of chronological units. This study advocates the integration of all sources of chronological information for the purpose of constructing regional sequences. In the final analysis, the agreement of both the relative and the radiocarbon sequence is considered.

The Nordic Bronze Age provides rich and well-preserved material, including large amounts of Central European bronze. It was the northern extention of the European Bronze Age cultures, and was included in this sphere rather late. But when it happened, Nordic societies got fully engaged in large-scale bronze metallurgy and adopted many elements of foreign symbolism. This book focusses on the earliest Nordic Bronze Age, at the outset of large-scale bronze import and metallurgy - when new forms of hierarchies and leadership were in the making. A specific category of objects, the bronze scimitars of Southeastern Scandinavia, provides the opportunity to explore the issues of scale, distance and context.

Edited by Rachel Ives, Daniel Lines, Christopher Naunton and Nina WahlbergFollowing a successful inaugural event at the University of Oxford and an expanded second at the University of Liverpool, the Third Symposium for Current Research in Egyptology was held in December 2001, at the University of Birmingham. The symposium was again successful in bringing together UK-based graduate students of Egyptology to provide an opportunity to disseminate the results of their research. It also served to encourage communication between an otherwise disparate group of students spread across the various Egyptological institutions throughout the country. Indeed, speakers came from nine different institutions and the papers presented illustrated well the broad range of topics currently being studied throughout the United Kingdom. The topics of the 9 featured papers include: The Lotus Reborn: the creation and distribution of the Description de L'Égypte; The arrival of the horse in Egypt: new approaches and a hypothesis; Aspects of the Hyksos' role in Egyptian society from the artistic evidence; Some thoughts on the social organisation of dockyards during the new kingdom; Egyptian blue: where, when, how?; The specialness of science: it's all in the mind; Crossing the night: the depiction of mythological landscapes in the Am Duat of the New Kingdom Royal Necropolis; Trends in burial evidence: evaluating expectations for the regional and temporal distribution of mortuary behaviour in Predynastic Egypt; Representations of Hathor and Mut in the Hibis temple.

In this volume the author studies Roman baths in Israel, including a section on the miqveh (ritual Jewish bath), which first appears in the 2nd century BCE and becomes a fairly common feature both of Hellenistic private baths and other areas such as cemeteries, oil or wine presses and synagogues in Palestine in the 1st century BCE. The geographical limits of this study are set by the ancient identification of Palestine that is Cis- and Transjordania and the scope covers the time between the reign of Alexander Jannai (103-76 BCE) and the Muslim conquest (640 CE). The author draws a picture of the development of Roman baths and thermae in Palestine using a combination of literary and archaeological sources. This includes not only an account of the purely architectural development of the buildings, but also an account of the development of the institution of "bathing the Roman way" itself and the utilisation of the Roman baths and thermae in Palestine. The book concludes with a complete catalogue of baths in Roman Palestine and a selective catalogue of Miqva'ot in Roman Palestine.

Central European Series 2In this work the author investigates the pre-Turkish Hungarian landscape and describes how medieval woodland functioned. (Particular attention is given to the woods around Pilis and Bakony.) In combining this with evidence still visible on the ground, the author goes further than seeing trees and woods as mere "environment". His study in important in that it begins to trace a common tradition of cultural landscapes in north and central Europe, taking into account coppicing, 'royal forests', common and private woodland, pollarding, monastic usages, etc.

This volume contains a range of papers from a seminar held in Oxford in 2005. What did 'art' in its widest sense mean to 'them', the Romans, and what might it (or even should it), mean to us? The approach adopted avoids fashionable 'theory', mainly culled second-hand from the social sciences, and tries to engage directly with material culture.

Studies in Contemporary and Historical Archaeology 2Studies in Contemporary and Historical Archaeology is a new series of edited and single-authored volumes intended to make available current work on the archaeology of the recent and contemporary past. The series brings together contributions from academic historical archaeologists, professional archaeologists and practitioners from cognate disciplines who are engaged with archaeological material and practices. In this, the second volume in the series, the author presents a nuanced account of 19th and 20th century forest sawmill communities in southern Victoria, Australia. Weaving together archaeological and historical data, issues of community development, isolation, integration, and consumption practices are sensitively explored. Not only does the volume make a valuable contribution to the historical archaeology of rural Australia, but it provides an extended case study for others studying the history and archaeology of temporary work communities elsewhere in the emerging modern world.

Symposia of the Association for Environmental Archaeology No.2

Examining the use of Tholos Tomb C and Burial Building 19 and the role of illumination in relation to mortuary practices and the perception of life and death by the livingA virtual reconstruction of the Minoan Cemetery at Phourni, Archanes (Crete), examining the use of Tholos Tomb C and Burial Building 19 and the role of illumination, in relation to mortuary practices and the perception of life and death by the living. This computer-based research provides scientists with an alternative reading of the dataset from the Minoan cemetery at Phourni, Archanes; the analysis attempts to evaluate the tomb architecture, use, visual impact, and capacity over different time periods,as well as the contribution of light to determine not only practical purposes, but also philosophical and religious beliefs.

Il Museo Egizio di Firenze possiede una delle più importanti collezioni di Ushabti d'Italia e d'Europa. La collezione consta di circa ottocento ushabti, in origine afferenti a diverse collezioni: Granducale, Nizzoli, Rosellini, Ricci, Schiaparelli. Altre raccolte minori afferiscono a differenti acquisizioni effettuate tra il 19° e il 20°. Il corpus di ushabti del Museo Egizio di Firenze è databile dal Secondo Periodo Intermedio fino all'Epoca Romana. Dal 2008 il "progetto ushabti" del Centro Studi di Egittologia e Civiltà Copta "J.F.Champollion" di Genova, in collaborazione con il Museo Egizio di Firenze, ha avviato uno studio completo dei reperti e la pubblicazione di un nuovo catalogo della collezione di ushabti. Questo secondo volume del catalogo conclude lo studio dei pezzi databili al Nuovo Regno: una raccolta di 128 schede relative agli ushabti e ai loro contenitori. Il volume si compone della simbologia ed abbreviazioni, delle schede, dell'apparato fotografico e di indici e bibliografia quali utili riferimenti finali. The Egyptian Museum of Florence has one of most important Ushabti collections in Italy, and in Europe as a whole. The collection contains around eight hundred ushabtis that originally belonged to different collections: Granducale, Nizzoli, Rosellini, Ricci and Schiaparelli. Other smaller groups contain objects of various origin, collected in the 19th and 20th centuries. The ushabtis in the museum at Florence date from the end of the Second Intermediate and Roman Period. Since the 'Ushabti Project' was started in 2008, the 'J.F. Champollion' Centre for Egyptology and Coptic Civilization Studies of Genoa, in cooperation with the Egyptian Museum of Florence, has been involved in a complete study and scientific publication of a new catalogue presenting the Ushabti collection. The catalogue is divided into several volumes, providing a complete documentation of the Florence ushabti collection. This second volume of the catalogue concludes the study of artefacts dating to the New Kingdom: a collection of 128 records pertaining to funerary statues and their boxes. The volume contains the abbreviations and textual codes, the records, a photographic section, a useful index and a bibliography. Catalogo degli Ushabti del Museo Egizio di Firenze, Volume I: II Periodo Intermedio - Nuovo Regno (Prima Parte) contains a general introduction about the history of the collection, the abbreviations and textual codes, the records, a photographic section, an index and a bibliography (BAR Publishing, S2828, 9781407314884, 2016).

Questo libro è una raccolta di 10 saggi su vari temi di archeologia e museologia della Sicilia sud-orientale. I primi quattro capitoli sono incentrati su problematiche relative a musei, Patrimonio Culturale e paesaggio, e su alcuni aspetti poco noti concernenti la formazione e la personalità di alcuni celebri studiosi ed intellettuali del territorio siracusano. I rimanenti sei saggi riguardano temi di archeologia e topografia antica: le emergenze archeologiche gravitanti intorno alla Riserva Naturale Integrale Grotta Monello; nuove osservazioni di carattere storico sul santuario rupestre di Cibele ad Akrai; i rapporti tra Indigeni e Greci nell'entroterra siracusano sulla base delle nuove indagini archeologiche nei siti di Cugno Case Vecchie, Causeria e Olivella; l'analisi delle tipologie, funzioni e caratteristiche delle tombe monumentali paleocristiane a baldacchino e delle chiese rupestri medievali con iconostasi; lo studio e la valorizzazione dei castelli medievali della Sicilia sud-orientale.This book is a collection of 10 papers on Archaeology and Museology issues in south-eastern Sicily. Two papers are focused on issues related to museums, cultural heritage and landscape, and two present some notable aspects of the cultural education and personality of famous scholars and intellectuals of Syracuse. The remaining six papers are related to the archaeology and ancient topography of the Hyblean plateau: the archaeological discoveries in the Riserva Naturale Integrale Grotta Monello; new chronological observations on the rock sanctuary of Cybele in Akrai; relations between Greek and indigenous archaeological sites in the territory of Syracuse, on the basis of new archaeological surveys in the sites of Cugno Case Vecchie, Causeria and Olivella; an analysis of the typologies, functions and characteristics of early Christian monumental canopy tombs and medieval rock churches with iconostasis; and the study and valorization of the medieval castles of south-eastern Sicily.With contributions by Ray Bondin, Franco Dell'Aquila, Iorga Ivano Prato and Paolo Daniele Scirpo and preface by Lorenzo Guzzardi

This book represents the final report on the field work carried out in 2008 and 2009 by the Iranian-Italian Joint Archaeological Mission at the archaeological site of Persepolis West, where parts of the town adjacent to the well-known Achaemenid monumental terrace of Persepolis have been located. The eleven trial trenches excavated in areas indicated by the results of Iranian and Iranian-French geophysical surveys represent the first stratigraphic excavations ever carried out on this site, the dating of which is supported by a rich series of radiocarbon datings. Illustration of the excavations is preceded by an accurate geophysical study of the topographical context and accompanied by a detailed and richly illustrated analysis of pottery and other finds: the safe stratigraphic context makes these finds a particularly important source of evidence for our knowledge of the ceramics of Fars during the historic pre-Islamic age. The excavations largely confirm the location of the built-up area of Parsa indicated by geophysical surveys.

Sardinia preserves an exceptional record of its Final Neolithic and Copper Age cultures, with a diverse crafts repertory, henges and dolmens, statue-menhirs, chamber tombs - and the only known ziggurat in Europe. The present study provides a synthesis in English for a scholarly readership interested in Mediterranean adaptations during this earliest period of metallurgy. As elsewhere, the infusion of metallurgy had profound implications, as island cultures underwent a series of transformations tied directly or indirectly to it. Spanning two millennia, these changes are studied in terms of material cultures known as Ozieri, Sub-Ozieri, Filigosa-Abealzu, Monte Claro and Bell Beaker. A more overarching finding from this review is the periodic engagement between these cultures and geographically distant ones. Such punctuations of the insular condition had long-lasting effects on local expression, and some thoughts on how this might contribute to understandings of concepts like identity formation are presented by way of a conclusion.

Petits échanges en familleLa culture Blicquy/Villeneuve-Saint-Germain marque la fin des traditions danubiennes (Néolithique ancien) dans le nord de la France et en Belgique. Les onze sites étudiés sont localisés en Belgique. Deux aires d'implantation, distantes d'une centaine de km sont distinguées (en Hainaut et en Hesbaye). La mise en œuvre d'une analyse techno-économique de l'industrie lithique blicquienne visait à répondre à un double objectif: restituer l'organisation socio-économique de la production lithique et les relations entretenues entre les différentes zones de peuplement de cette culture. Cette étude souligne la structure duale de la production lithique et suggère une spécialisation intra- voire intercommunautaire de cette production laminaire. L'étude de la diffusion des matières premières illustre l'intensité des relations entre les villages, impliquant fréquemment le déplacement de tailleurs. Ce travail souligne à nouveau l'importance des échanges dans la vie socio-économique de ces premières communautés agro-pastorales.In the north of France and Belgium, the Blicquy/Villeneuve-Saint-Germain culture marks the end of the Danube traditions (Early Neolithic Period). The eleven sites studied are all found in Belgium. Two settlement areas, separated by 100 km, are highlighted (in Hainaut and in Hesbaye). The author has performed an analysis of the technical and economical characteristics of the Blicquian lithic industry, in order to describe the socio-economic organisation relating to lithic production as well as the relationships between the different settlement areas of this culture. The study concludes that there were two distinct types of production and suggests some kind of specialisation in the laminar production in the community, or even among several communities. The study of the diffusion networks of siliceous raw materials illustrates the intensity of relations between villages, often involving the movement of knappers, demonstrating further the importance of exchanges for the socio-economical welfare of those agro-pastoral communities.

First in a series of titles dedicated to a thorough archaeological investigation of the islands of the Adriatic. This book explores and catalogues sites on the island of Hvar which range in date from the period of Greek colonisation, through the Roman to the early medieval period.Written by Vincent Gaffney, Branko Kirigin, Marinko Petric and Nikša Vujnovic with a commentary on the classical sources for the island by Slobodan Cace

This book started its life as a study of people travelling between England and Rome from the Augustinian Mission until the close of the Anglo-Saxon period but that proved to be too limiting a subject, for two reasons. One was that so much of the evidence about how people travelled around lay in continental sources and it seemed foolish to ignore it simply as a matter of principle. The second is that the means by which people travelled proved to be so exhaustive a study that it led into all kinds of by-ways: accommodation, money carrying and changing, safety, language and a whole range of human problems that still exist in modern travel but are more easily solved for the traveller, usually by other people. It was not enough to catalogue the travellers: the question turned to, how did they manage to do it before the days of organised mass travel in the high middle ages? The later centuries have been better studied, but the earlier ones have not. The result is thus something of a hybrid: more than a study of English sources alone, but less than a study of the whole of European travel. The theme is primarily the north-south routes that converged on the Alps and joined the north of Europe to Italy. Where appropriate, the author has confined his evidence to material from England, that is, to those people who made the journey and their motives, the timing and duration of their journeys, and the routes that they followed. Elsewhere, in sections which address the mechanics of travel, he has widened the range of sources, to include material from all Anglo-Saxon sources irrespective of where the journey was made, provided that it was compatible with a journey to Rome. The author has also adopted some contemporary foreign parallels where Continental experience would match English, thus including material ranging from Gregory of Tours at the beginning of our period, and Albert of Stade, some time after the end. In including these additional sources the author has tried to throw light on the problems of travellers to and from England rather than provide what would be an inadequate description of the whole of continental travel.

An in-depth study of man's impact on the environment and landscape of the Maltese islands from the Neolithic to Medieval times.

South American Archaeology Series No.5

This work explores the interrelationship between humans and plants within the Princess Point culture. Princess Point is the archaeological cultural context in which a shift from an economy based on foraging to one that incorporated horticulture occurred in what is now southern Ontario. The earliest dates for evidence of corn horticulture in Ontario are from the Princess Point period (ca. 1570 to 970 B.P.). The basis of this study of the Princess Point is to explore the origins of agriculture, together with plant use generally in southern Ontario, and to gain a better understanding of a time when people were changing their subsistence pattern from one based on wild plant resources during the Middle Woodland to one that incorporated crops. Contents: Chapter One: Introduction; Chapter Two: Princess Point; Chapter Three: Plant Evidence: Sampling and Methods; Chapter Four: Identification and Quantification of Plant Remains; Chapter Five: Princess Point Plant Use; Chapter Six: Discussion and Conclusions.

An in-depth study of lesions of muscle insertion sites on bone (enthesopathies) in recent and fossilised human skeletons. The work contributes to the field of anthropology in three ways. The author presents a new method of scoring enthesopathies that takes into account variation in muscle attachment site histology and morphology with a system that may well become the new standard for studying enthesopathies in prehistoric and recent populations. Second, the author provides an exhaustive analysis of enthesopathies in three large skeletal series (from Portugal, England and Italy) of individuals of known occupation. This section provides the first controlled comparative documentation of the relationship between activity and enthesopathies, and contributes greatly to the understanding of which muscle attachment sites best reflect activity levels and patterns in individuals, and which types of activity are most likely to contribute to variation in the severity of enthesopathies. Finally, the study describes the results when the new methods are applied to European Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene fossil humans.

A study of the development patterns of grinding and milling techniques in the Near East and Eastern Mediterranean (III-I millennia BC).

Il progetto di ricerca oggetto del presente lavoro è stato intrapreso con l'obiettivo di approfondire le conoscenze sui modi di vita dei gruppi preistorici nel territorio del Mont Fallère (Saint-Pierre, Valle d'Aosta, Italia) e tracciare le principali tappe della storia ambientale olocenica dell'area. Si tratta di un lavoro a carattere multidisciplinare che mette in relazione dati archeologici e ambientali ottenuti tramite prospezioni territoriali, scavi archeologici, analisi dell'industria litica, datazioni radiocarboniche, carotaggi palinologici, analisi fisico-chimiche dei sedimenti, indagini geologiche e geomorfologiche. Lo studio evidenzia la frequentazione dell'area da parte dei gruppi di cacciatori-raccoglitori mesolitici, oltre all'attestazione delle prime forme di transumanza verticale a partire dal IV millennio a.C., durante l'età del Rame. Attraverso un approccio diacronico, preceduto da un'accurata fase di progettazione e riflessione metodologica, si è cercato di mettere in evidenza l'evoluzione del rapporto uomo-ambiente in questo settore alpino durante la preistoria.The aim of the research project here presented was to investigate prehistoric occupations in the Mont Fallère district (Saint-Pierre, Valle d'Aosta, Italy) and to reconstruct the main phases of the Holocene environmental history of the area. It is a multidisciplinary work that presents archaeological and environmental data obtained through surveys, archaeological excavations, lithic industry analyses, radiocarbon dates, palynological samplings, physical and chemical soil analyses, and geological and geomorphological studies. The research highlighted the fact that the area was settled by Mesolithic hunter-gatherer groups, but it also yielded evidence of the vertical transhumance practices that occurred during the Copper Age (4th millennium BC). By adopting a diachronic approach, preceded by a careful methodological reflection, the authors reconstruct the evolution of the relationship between human occupation and environmental evolution during prehistory for this alpine district.

This book argues that the use of sail as a complement to paddling would have formed an integral part of the development of centres of power in the early Scandinavian Bronze Age, permitting more frequent communication, and thus helping to expand, maintain and control power. This argument stands in sharp contrast to the current belief that the introduction of the sail in the North occurred between the 7th or 8th and the 10th centuries AD. This reassessment of the potential timing and development in the use of the sail derives mainly from an examination of the Bronze Age rock art (c. 1800-500 BC) in southern Scandinavia containing imagery of boats with attributes that can be interpreted as masts and sails, in combination with experimental sail trials in Bronze Age type boats, and using early sailing in ancient Egypt and Oceania as a backdrop.

Understanding the impacts of the emergence of hereditary social inequality in human societies is one of the fundamental questions in archaeology. This book is one case study examining the transitions in craft apprenticeship of formed lithic tools among the precontact Coast Salish of the Pacific Northwest Coast as hereditary social inequality emerged. According to cultural transmission theory, the emergence of large plank house villages and hereditary social inequality would result in the restriction of craft knowledge, and was predicted to reduce the stylistic and fine scale metric variation of formed lithic tools. High resolution metric and stylistic analyses were performed, controlling for material quality, tool retouch and sample size effects. Stylistic variation in lithics and assemblage heterogeneity suggests that lithic craft knowledge became increasingly restricted through time, with the emergence of large sedentary populations.