Bücher der Reihe British Archaeological Reports International Series

This volume presents previously unpublished data (including inter alia plans, photographs, catalogues, sources, geological analyses, water/drainage, travellers' reports) gathered from recent major archaeological investigations into a number of important underground structures from the six districts that together form the territory historically known as 'Cappadocia' (eastern-central Turkey) - Aksaray, Kayseri, Kirsehir, Nevsehir, Nigde and Yozgat. Besides synthetic data (name, location, type, planimetrics), each of the 40 records detailed in this work includes a route-finder, historical and urban-setting notes, descriptions of the underground site and related plan based on instrumental surveys or sketches.Edited by Roberto BixioIntroduction by Roberto Bixio, Vittoria Caloi and Andrea De PascaleRecords compiled by Roberto Bixio, Vittorio Castellani, Andrea De Pascale, Mauro Traverso, Jérôme Triolet and Laurent Triolet

This volume stems from an International Conference titled 'Methods of Education and Popularization in Archaeological Heritage', held in December 1-3, 2011, at the University of Warsaw, Institute of Archaeology, Poland, organized by Foundation of Friends of the Institute of Archaeology.

The numerous discoveries of black stone artefacts in Europe open new fields of research of great interest as regards the understanding of raw material acquisition and manufacturing and also the reconstruction of ancient exchange networks. Two main research axes were explored for this multidisciplinary research: the material was studied using archaeological, geological and analytical approaches. A new analytical protocol using LA-ICP-MS was tested and gives promising results and opens future developments.The aim of this study was to reconstruct the relationships between artefacts and sources during the Iron Age in Celtic Europe, and also to understand the distribution of the raw material and production systems of these black stone artefacts. Some changes between the Iron Age periods necessitated the examination of the circulation and diffusion of black stone objects across Europe, and also the long-distance trade of materials. These results constitute the most comprehensive archaeological, geological, and analytical referential database for European black stone material available to date.

This book presents the results of the study concerning the circulation of goods, raw material and ideas in the Calchaquí Valley (Salta, Northwestern Argentina) during the Regional Development (900-1430/70 AD) and Inka Periods (1430/70-1536 AD). Through stylistic and provenance analyses of various materials from museums' archaeological collections, it was possible to establish the diversity of goods and material that circulated to and from the valley in different moments of its occupational history. This new data, together with the already existing information about interregional connections for Calchaquí societies, allowed for the postulation of several interaction circuits with different ecological and cultural areas like Northern Chile, Southern Bolivia, Quebrada de Humahuaca, the Puna region or the Yungas, as well as their modifications since the Inka arrival to the Calchaquí Valley.

Cerro de la Virgen is a classic site on the Iberian peninsula for the Copper-Bronze Age transition. Excavations in the 1960s and 1970s unearthed crucial stratigraphic sequences used for all later Copper/Bronze Age studies of the Iberian peninsula. This book examines all the stone tools from the site through which a new insight into the Los Millares culture is given.

This volume presents eleven years of archaeological research carried out by the University of Siena at the castle of Rocchette Pannocchieschi (southern Tuscany, Italy). The research, starting from the distribution of the Middle Ages settlement in the region known as the 'Metal Hills', focuses on the specific role of the mining site of Rocchette Pannocchieschi, deriving from the rich data provided by the excavations. In this area of Tuscany, from the 8th century, several centralized settlements/villages developed around the mining areas containing deposits of mixed sulphides (copper, silver, lead). Rocchette Pannocchieschi was one of these centralized settlements, built near important deposits of lead and silver ores.Written by Francesca Grassi with contributions by Giovanna Bianchi, Maddalena Belli, Jacopo Bruttini, Mauro Buonincontri, Cristina Cicali, Giuseppe Di Falco, Gaetano Di Pasquale, Giuseppe Fichera, Silvia Guideri, Marja Mendera, Alessandra Pecci and Frank Salvadori.

Colloque de Poitiers (18-20 septembre 2000)

This volume is an exposé of building archaeological research works and building restorations. It is well known that buildings and their restorations mirror the dynamics of societies. Whether as a single monument, clustered in villages, towns, or cities, or even as single rooms or spaces, buildings and restorations result from socio-economic, political, or ideological power or expressions. But there are many different ways of looking at buildings and restorations in this respect, as the authors of this volume show. The 10 papers are presented in chronological order from ancient to modern times and the sites and areas under discussion include Crete, Mycenae, Pompeii, Scandinavia, Jamaica (Spanish Town) and Tongaat, South Africa.

Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 61This work is a comparative study of iron smelting practices among the Pangwa and Fipa peoples of Tanzania. The author discusses local concepts of metallurgy by step-by-step observations of the processes involved. Included is a description of the technology observed in several re-enactments of smelting practices and a discussion within a comparative framework of the multiple and shared levels of meaning and experience (symbolic repertoires and symbolic reservoirs) held by technicians during these observed technological processes. The study demonstrates, with a focus on magic and metaphors, the link between perceptions of the body and concepts of the technology. The author shows how a shift in the concepts of the technology is also useful for those studies of iron technology where there are no living exponents to answer questions about the use, or meaning, of specific objects or processes.

The purpose of this work is to determine the most informative articles and the most effective methods and research approaches to the study of Roman brick stamps covering the former Roman Empire. The different research methods used in different areas are compared. This study attempts to give an overall view of research methods, approaches and categories of studies used in all schools of brick stamp research and poses the question whether brick stamps can contribute to our understanding of military history. Regional and local differences of both stamps and modern schools of research are highlighted and their importance in terms of Roman history is discussed. This volume concentrates directly on questions such as: What are the different research methods used in dealing with military brick stamps, and who uses them? What are the different results represented by the different research approaches? Which results are best achieved by what methods? What can Roman military brick stamps contribute to an understanding of Roman history and can they be used as documents of military history, as other military inscriptions are? Or could they, instead, be helpful in reconstructing other historical aspects of Roman provinces? Are military brick stamps uniform documents which can be used equally in all former Roman provinces? The work concentrates on legionary rather than all military stamps. This study is intended to serve as a representative sample of the research methodologies for each province. Therefore, the focus lies on legionary stamps (but occasionally also includes auxiliary stamps where no other evidence exists). The author critically reviews a selection of articles, focusing primarily on the methodologies employed by certain scholars. The reviewed articles contain a selection of brick stamps. A catalogue of the works reviewed is included and the publications listed there form the background for this present analysis. The bibliography contains a list of all other works cited and consulted. Chapter 1 includes an introduction to the methodologies of studying brick stamps, concentrating on research methods and approaches. It also contains a discussion of the methodology used in this thesis, and also introductions to Roman bricks, and stamps on bricks, respectively. Chapters 2-9 analyse the different groups of research schools and the methodologies they employ in studying military brick stamps. Chapters 10-13 consider more general problems and questions which arise during the study of provincial military brick stamps, such as the phenomenon of name stamps, the question of when the habit of stamping bricks was started by the Roman army, the relationship between brick stamps and military territories or the so-called prata legionis and the problem of brick reuse. Chapter 14 summarises the answers to the research questions posed in the course of the previous chapters and offers a conclusion.

This book attempts to study Western Iberian Late Neolithic/Chalcolithic society by investigating a segment of its economy, the production and exchange of bifacial lithic artifacts. It focuses on the role of craft specialization within the context of social complexity. Most of the sampled artifacts come from old collections and are supplemented by only basic spatial and temporal information. The book includes a catalogue and descriptions of 149 settlement and burial sites, as well as formal and technological analysis of each of the three classes of bifacial tools found at these sites. In conclusion, this study shows that lithic production was organized in at least two different ways; one was based on the individual household, while the other was carried out by craft specialists. The products circulated through two distinct distribution mecahnisms.

Proceedings of the XV World Congress UISPP Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006. Volume 23, Session C5210 papers (8 in English and 2 in French) from the session entitled Cognitive Archaeology as Symbolic Archaeology presented at the XV UISPP World Congress (Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006).

The Beazley Archive Studies in Gems and Jewellery IVThis volume is intended to supply some supplementary information about the gems and cameos published in A Collection of Classical and Eastern Intaglios, Rings and Cameos, published in 2003 as BAR S1136. These had been chosen from a large private collection formed mainly in Italy from about 1921 into the 1960s. It comprised ancient gems but there were a number of post-antique, and part of this publication is devoted to further consideration of some of them, as well as of some comparable examples in the collection not included before, and especially to their later, most distinctive mounts, a feature not always much remarked or explored in publications of ancient gems in later settings. Those on gems in this collection are mainly remarkable for demonstrating some characteristically elaborate Sicilian methods of mounting gems, mainly of the 18th century, and not commonly encountered in published collections. The opportunity is also taken to add a few more interesting examples from the collection, and to republish in colour some of the more important pieces in the original catalogue. The opportunity is, moreover, also taken reflect briefly upon the way in which the ancient traditions in gem engraving and the classical style and subject matter survived or was revived and rediscovered in later centuries. The accompanying text attempts also to summarise some of the problems of original and copy, not only à propos of gems. The study of such matters is extremely complex, requiring a breadth of knowledge about both antiquity and the artistic and literary activities of both the Renaissance and the Neo-Classical movements of the 17th to 19th centuries. A further essay explores the ways by which the subjects of the gems became known beyond the world of those who owned or could readily view the originals, since the publication of gems, by drawing or facsimile, plays a major role in the whole story. This offers the opportunity to illustrate pages from antiquarian books to demonstrate the style and quality of reproduction available and practised before photography.

Proceedings of the Quebec Seminar/ Actes des Journées d'étude de Québec, 29-31 Octobre 2009Preface by Robert J. Naiman, Henri Décamps and Michael E. McClain

Specific Targeted Research Project on the Formation of Europe: Prehistoric Population Dynamics and the Roots of Socio-Cultural DiversityThe third volume in the series looking at early Neolithic sites (Körös Culture) in the central and south-east European transect.

Society for South Asian Studies Monograph No 3The third volume of the Anuradhapura series documents the results of six years of settlement survey, excavation and geoarchaeology in the hinterland of the Citadel. Mapping the response of rural communities to the growth of Anuradhapura as Sri Lankan capital and Indian Ocean pilgrimage centre, this interdisciplinary study presents the establishment and consolidation of settlement within the island's Dry Zone and the associated investment in hydraulic infrastructure from the first millennium BC onwards. It also traces the division of hinterland settlement into either Buddhist monastery or agricultural village with an absence of towns as well as the hinterland's subsequent collapse in the eleventh Century AD. Conforming to a model of Tropical Forest 'Low Density Urbanism', this volume presents the most detailed archaeology study of the dynamic and contested nature of a South Asia urban hinterland. (See also BAR S1508 and BAR S824).With contributions from F.R. Allchin, Cathy Batt, Paul Cheetham and Randolph Haggerty

The subject of Dr Wang's research is the technical study of excavated bronze fragments from the site of Tianma-Qucun, situated in southwest Shanxi province, China. The site was identified as an early capital of the Jin state in the periods of the Western Zhou and early 'Spring and Autumn' (i.e. 1027-650 BC). This study of 47 fragments provides new metallurgical data on Jin bronzes, specifically on casting techniques and the deterioration of these bronzes in their burial environment (corrosion study helps guide investigative cleaning and conservation treatment). Comparing bronzes from the elite tombs with those from other graves reveals social differences within the Jin culture. The main chapters cover a general review of the Bronze Age; descriptions of the Tianma-Qucun site; project methodology; analysis; corrosion reports; alloy composition. Technical data for the samples are reported in the catalogue and the accompanying CD, which allows full-colour viewing.

9 papers presented at a colloquium held in honour of J.J. Coulton at Lincoln College, Oxford on 17 April 2004, to mark his retirement from the Readership in Classical Archaeology at Merton College, Oxford. Jim Coulton devoted much of his early career to the study of Cycladic architecture. He saw earlier than most how important this area would be in advancing our knowledge not only of ancient architecture but also of many aspects of ancient Greek civilisation in general.

This volume focuses on the phenomenon of the Transition from the Middle to the Upper Palaeolithic in the Iberian Peninsula, with special reference to the site of Abric Romaní (Capellades, Barcelona), more broadly the northern Iberian sites, and the theoretical and typological systematics that have been used hitherto in the study of the transitional process. The core of the study is the development of the Transition from the latest Mousterian facies, to the appearance of the earliest Upper Palaeolithic. A secondary focus concentrates on the methods used until now to conduct similar studies.

This work represents a synthesis of the information available on the urban centres of the Roman province of Lusitania. The purpose of the study is to identify the most important cities of Lusitania, using evidence provided by historical sources, epigraphic finds, and the archaeological record. According to Roman historical sources, many of the major cities of modern Portugal and Spain had already been established by the end of the third century AD. However, these sources do not present a clear chronological portrait of the development of many of these cities from indigenous settlements to important components of the Roman administration of the province of Lusitania. While a thorough discussion of this process lies well beyond the bounds of the current project, this study does represent the first synthesis of the historical, epigraphic, and archaeological evidence for the earliest imperial Roman presence at the cities of Lusitania.

Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 46The north-east of the Central African Republic and the east of Cameroon were the only geographical zones in central Africa to have important concentrations of megalithic monuments. The objective of the eleven years of research work reported on here was to understand the role and place of the megalithic phenomenon, and notably the relation of megaliths with systems of symbolic representation, in the societies of the Central African Republic from 2500 BC. A firm chronological framework is presented, together with a fresh analysis of material culture, derived from a systematic programme of fieldwork comprising survey, sondages and excavation. Three cultural periods are distinguished and iron-working activity is shown to be present from the 9th century BC. The interactions of the whole cultural order are explored: at the level of pottery manufacture, iron-working and megalith construction.

The relative chronology and local grouping of sites

The city of Jerusalem is more familiar to a wider public than most other ancient cities. This book attempts to present a picture of Jerusalem before Islam.

South American Archaeology Series No.9

This study examines faunal assemblages from late Neolithic sites in Provence for what they can add to our picture of late Neolithic animal husbandry and what the strategies employed indicate as regards social complexity. French text.

Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 51The Kintampo Complex is the first settled, sub-Sahelian complex in West Africa, and central to our understanding of West African prehistory. Kintampo appeared in Ghana around 4000 years ago, just after the onset of the last arid phase in the Sahara. This volume is based on research undertaken on the Gambaga Escarpment in Northern Ghana and expands knowledge in three ways: it provides the first description of the area; it places the northern manifestation of Kintampo within the context of what is known about the Kintampo complex; it explores the question of a framing base for Kintampo subsistence and embeds it in the current discussions on the origins of agriculture.

This book presents an archaeozoological analysis of the Early Medieval fortified settlement Sand, in Lower Austria. The work describes the exceptional socio-economic organisation of a settlement based on its animal remains, at the border between Slavic and German spheres of influence. The investigation sheds light on aspects of daily life, the interaction between consumers and providers, and the exploitation of faunal resources.The first part of the book is dedicated to the environmental setting, the site, the material, and the methods applied. The main part presents a species by species analysis of the numerous faunal remains. The final part of the book discusses the archaeozoological results within the archaeological record, as well as the historical sources.The archaeozoological results show that the study of the faunal remains has played a decisive role in the archaeological interpretation of the site and substantially improved our understanding of historical processes and social dynamics.

The seven chapters in this volume were delivered at a cycle of lectures presented (at the Winckelmann-Institut der Humboldt-Universität) in Berlin over the winter of 1998/99. Concentrating on the Roman era, four contributions focus on the impact of Roman settlement in the 'Northwestern Provinces' (Britain, Germany, Gaul, and the Low Countries), and three discuss aspects of Roman life in the Danube Provinces (Moesia/Lower Danube, Apulum/Alba Iulia, and Caracalla/Dacia.).

Papers from a session held at the European Association of Archaeologists Fifth Annual Meeting in Bournemouth 1999The European Association of Archaeology arranged its fifth annual meeting in September 1999 in Bournemouth, England. One of the sessions was entitled "Archaeology and Buildings", and this volume covers the papers presented at it. The topic includes studies on buildings and the built environment, irrespective of age, material, or object function. The nine papers take us from County Limerick to the Orient, and over time from the fifth millennium BC up to the 20th century. They relate to the topic in general terms and from different points of view. Problems on theory, practical works, and cultural heritage management were all considered. Questions with regard to function and development of single objects were also discussed, as well as how buildings can mirror changes, or societal circumstances related to political, social, economic and/or ideological matters. Illustrated throughout with photographs, maps, line drawings, and plans.