Bücher der Reihe British Archaeological Reports International Series

This book includes papers from the annual meeting of SEAC (European Society for Astronomy in Culture) held in Kecskemét in Hungary in 2004.

This study investigates the origins and consolidation of Latin Christianity and consequent way of life in the Maltese Islands, up to around 1530 AD. It is the outcome of several years of research on the written and unwritten sources, the partial, and at times conflicting, results of several independent aspects of which have been reported and discussed. The volume is, therefore, an analysis and interpretation of conclusions and hypotheses that have been circulating over the last decade.

Cardiff Studies in Archaeology

This study analyses earthenware vessels, including foreign ceramics and other objects found in 15th century burials in the Philippines, to determine the effects of foreign trade and influence on social identity and stratification.

This study investigates the drivers for the development of the elite Late Period tombs of the necropoleis of Memphis. It studies their conceptual basis in the context of the social and political situation of the Late Period. It examines the landscape of Memphis and explores the geographic, geological and man-made features that encouraged the creation of a 'sacred landscape' with a view to discovering what features made this a desirable place for the building of tombs and why Late Period clusters of tombs were built in some parts of that landscape but not in others; it also considers the significance of their alignment. It sets out to discover what religious, social or ancestral factors made the elite choose the location of the individual tombs, what determined their structure and how they relate to older as well as contemporary structures. Finally, the reason for the positions of the different burial grounds of Memphis, and the interrelation between them, is explored in order to establish the socio-political factors influencing that choice.

Written by Barry Hobson, assisted by Helen Molesworth and Kate Trusler .

Il libro prende spunto dallo studio dei reperti del relitto di Rena Maiore, scoperto nel 1997 lungo le coste nord-occidentali della Sardegna. La parte del carico, costituita da 72 lingotti di piombo e 4 serbatoi di piombo (cistae), ne mette in luce il ruolo svolto dal lancio sia per uso privato che come metallo strettamente legato alla politica di consenso promossa da Augusto. Le 4 cistae possono essere messe in relazione con l'attività di almeno due plumbarii, che si trovano nella città di Arelate/Arles, nella parte meridionale della Francia. Un gruppo di lingotti, recanti il bollo Augusti Caesaris Germanicum plumbum, identifica la Germania come la provincia dove si trovavano le miniere. Anche se la maggior parte del territorio provinciale si è persa dopo la sconfitta teutoburgica, il governo romano è riuscito a pianificare e avviare, subito dopo l'invasione, lo sfruttamento delle fonti naturali situate nel paese.This book stems from the study of the finds from the Rena Maiore wreck, discovered in 1997 along the north-western coast of Sardinia. The surviving part of the cargo, consisting of 72 lead ingots and 4 lead tanks (cistae), sheds light on the role played by lead both in private use and as a metal strictly connected to the Augustan 'consensus' policy. The cistae can be related to certain plumbarii workshops located in the town of Arelate/Arles, in the southern part of France. A group of ingots, bearing the stamp Augusti Caesaris Germanicum plumbum, identifies Germany as the province where the mines were located. Even if most of the province's territory was lost after the Teutoburg defeat, the Roman government was able to plan, soon after the invasion, the exploitation of the natural sources located in the region.

The socio-economic nature of Late Postclassic (c. AD 1100-1500) Maya society is not well understood and still eludes researchers. Through a combination of analytical methods, including petrographic, chemical and experimental, examination of surface features and ethnographic analyses, this study reconstructs ceramic production technology, seeking regional patterns in the technology applied to vessels from the main centre of Mayapán and several north-central and eastern sites. The results provide new insights into the raw material selection and the manufacture of Late Postclassic ceramics, the existence and nature of technological traditions, and cultural divisions between Mayapán and north-central and eastern sites. Furthermore, new perspectives are gained on longstanding questions about the socio-economic role of Mayapán and neighbouring centres and the scope and mechanisms of ceramic exchange and distribution, informing current ceramic production and exchange models, and advancing our understanding of the socio-economic nature of this period.

Actes de la journée d'études du 11 mai 2017, Institut Catholique de ParisCette publication est le résultat de la première journée d'études sur l'art et l'archéologie du Proche-Orient hellénistique et romain qui s'est tenue à l'Institut Catholique de Paris. Le propos est d'aborder les circulations et les échanges artistiques afin de montrer les spécificités locales, les emprunts culturels et les apports extérieurs. Le domaine géographique traité est vaste: le Levant hellénistique, Jérusalem et la Judée hérodienne, le royaume nabatéen... Les thèmes abordés sont également très variés : l'architecture religieuse, les décors privés (peintures murales, mosaïques), les jardins, l'art funéraire. Compte tenu de la situation actuelle qui empêche un grand nombre d'équipes de travailler sur le terrain, il nous a semblé important de réunir des spécialistes afin de réaliser un état des lieux de la recherche au Proche-Orient.This book is the result of the first of a series of study days on the Art and Archaeology of the Near East to be held at the Catholic Institute of Paris. Its purpose is to discuss circulation and artistic exchange, in order to examine such themes as local styles, cultural borrowings and novelties coming from outside cultures. The geographical area covered is vast: the Hellenistic Levant, Jerusalem and Herodian Judaea, the Nabataean kingdom, Europos-Doura... The themes treated are also very varied: religious architecture, private settings (mural paintings, mosaics), gardens, funerary art. In view of the present situation that prevents a large number of teams from working in the field, it seemed to the editors important to bring together specialists to carry out such an inventory of research in the Near East.

Este libro propone una forma de estudiar la historia de los paisajes forestales desde una perspectiva arqueológica, más precisamente, desde el análisis de restos de carbón recuperados en sitios arqueológicos del norte de la provincia de Mendoza, en el centro oeste de Argentina. Especialmente, el estudio aborda el periodo entre los 1200 y los 100 años antes del presente, por lo que primero elabora un marco teórico contextual para los casos prehispánico, colonial y republicano. Este trabajo persigue el objetivo de comprender las características de los paisajes forestales asociados a los diferentes contextos de análisis de acuerdo a su forma, a la identificación de categorías de relación entre humanos y plantas y a las prácticas cotidianas de las comunidades estudiadas. El trabajo anexa una colección de imágenes y descripciones de maderas carbonizadas de referencia, útil para emprender nuevas investigaciones tanto en el área de estudios como en otras fitogeográfica o históricamente relacionadas.This book proposes a way of studying the history of forest landscapes from an archaeological perspective: more precisely, through the analysis of charcoal remains recovered from archaeological sites in the north of the Mendoza province, in central-west Argentina. The study focuses on the period between 1200 and 100 years BP, starting by developing a contextual theoretical framework for the Prehispanic, Colonial and Republican periods. It aims to understand the characteristics of forest landscapes associated with different contexts of analysis according to their forms, the identification of categories of relationship between humans and plants, and the daily practices of the communities studied. The work includes a collection of reference images and descriptions of carbonized woods, useful for those undertaking new research both in the area studied and in other phytogeographically or historically related areas.

In this original work, the author aims to develop a synthetic perspective for enhancing the understanding of the roles death and life-giving waters have in the constitution of society and cosmos in karmic traditions through a material culture study of death and funeral practices as cultural, ritual, and religious processes in parts of Nepal, Bangladesh, India, and the Indus Valley.

This monograph represents a new step in Australian archaeology. It presents a detailed quantitative, technological analysis of flaked stone artefacts, of a kind not published previously in Australia. The detailed nature of the analysis reflects the measurement of a large number of variables on each specimen, as well as the use of those measurements in an extended study of the archaeological patterns. The detail of these analyses can be judged by the fact that the monograph deals with only one archaeological assemblage: the stone artefacts from Capertee 3, a site excavated in the Blue Mountains immediately west of Sydney. This volume develops and tests models of artefact variation and production to an extent not seen before in Australia. More importantly,the analysis of data involves the statistical interrogation of quantitative measurements and is designed to reveal the magnitude and direction of morphological variation within the assemblage. The technological approach adopted allows for the first time in Australian archaeology an evaluation of the nature of changes in the manufacture of retouched flakes in a sequence spanning the entire Holocene. This evaluation enhances current understanding of cultural change in Holocene eastern Australia by allowing the testing of a number of propositions about the rate and uniformity of change in archaeological assemblages. In particular these analyses initiate a review of models of the Eastern Regional Sequence by creating a record of the stoneworking processes in one of the key archaeological sites that define the purported Eastern Regional Sequence.

This study, focusing on the Rum Seljuk dynasty in thirteenth-century Anatolia, combines local history, geography, art history, and archaeology to examine instances of an only partially understood garden tradition in one corner of the medieval Mediterranean. Gardens, and their architecture, have been neglected, not only because of the paucity of remains, the architecture they inspired was not monumental and relied strongly on a sense of place, and a sensitivity to the landscape. This book attempts to recover a measure of that sense and that landscape, as well as the activities that endowed them with meaning for those that enjoyed them.

This study should prove useful to archaeologists interested in issues of ancient urbanism both for the site it describes and for the techniques it utilizes. Roman Empúries is a significant site not as well known outside Spain as it deserves to be. Evidence from the city can offer much to debates on Greek colonization, ethnicity of larger Roman settlements, and ideology in monumental architecture. The present work on the city, which flourished from the 6th century BC to the end of the 1st century AD, is the most extensive so far written in English.

Studies in the History of Collections IIThe Marchese Giovanni Pietro Campana was a Roman banker who formed one of the most important private collections of the first half of the 19th century. The Campana collection was an extraordinary assemblage of antiquities and modern arts and crafts, including maiolica, sculpture and painting from the medieval and Renaissance periods. This study is in two sections. The first is devoted to Campana's biography and to an examination of how he acquired and studied the objects in his collection; the second part is dedicated to the collection itself and its dispersal.

Papers from a session held at the European Association of Archaeologists Fifth Annual Meeting in Bournemouth 1999This work is the result of an EAA session exploring themes of unity and diversity in the way that archaeologists have come to explore and understand elements of the land of Europe. The 17 papers (all expanded and re-worked since the Bournemouth meeting) in this volume were brought together in an attempt to answer such questions and concerns as how can new approaches to past and present landscapes be applied in the field? What methodologies are appropriate? Do we need to re-set the agenda so far as routine survey and recording work are concerned? Included are contributions on theoretical issues, sites: environment relationships, field survey and post-survey methodology, landscape interpretation, and regional heritage management and protection. With an emphasis on the Stone Age, the sites featured range from Russia and Poland, to Italy.

Religion and ritual were an important part of life on Minoan Crete although identifying and characterising the deities venerated is not an easy task.

This book provides a complete catalogue of the collections of Palaeolithic artefacts from Egypt housed in the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford. Though none of these collections derive from excavations, they nevertheless constitute a valuable research resource from both a historical and an archaeological point of view, and additional information is provided in order that this may become clear. The seventeen collections comprise 1009 objects. The founding collection of the Pitt Rivers Museum, which arrived in 1884, included only a handful of such objects, but the numbers dramatically increased during the forty-eight years that Henry Balfour served as Curator (1891-1939). The earliest donations made during this period came from two Oxford graduates, Quibell (1896) and MacIver (1899-1901). These were followed by the collections of Forbes (1900), Garstang (1901), Mace (1904), Hall (1905), the Committee of the Egypt Exploration Fund (1910), Ruffer (1919), Bell (1921), Currelly (1924), Balfour's own small collection (1926), Davies (1926), Evans (1928) and Evans-Pritchard (1934). Henry Balfour died in 1939 and was succeeded by Tom Penniman, and it was during Penniman's term of office that the Seligman Collection was donated in 1940. The last collection, the Bishop Collection, arrived into the care of the fifth Curator, Schuyler Jones, in 1988. The collections fall into two categories: the largest category consists of those artefacts which were collected with a scientific and/or anthropological interest in mind; a much smaller category consists of artefacts collected by 'collectors', be they professional (the Egyptologists) or amateur (Seton-Karr and Ruffer). Among these field collectors, however, one man stands out. Charles Seligman collected everything: tools, cores, waste flakes and even small fragments. Because of his significant role in the development of Palaeolithic archaeology, and because his collection is by far the largest among the Pitt Rivers Museum Egyptian Palaeolithic collections, Seligman therefore constitutes the focus of this study. This book is divided into two parts. The first part provides a historical, archaeological and geographical context for the Pitt Rivers Museum collections of Palaeolithic artefacts from Egypt. The second part of the book consists of three catalogues. These collections represent a significant historical document which covers the first sixty years of Palaeolithic archaeology in Egypt.

The present volume follows on from the publication of Amorium Reports, Finds I: The Glass (1987-1997) in 2002. But whereas that volume had essentially a single author and was devoted to finds in a single medium, in this second publication in the Final Reports series several different team members have submitted chapters on a wide range of topics. These cover a number of different media and extend in time from the Roman to the Ottoman period. Additional finds reports are scheduled to appear in subsequent volumes. Eventually, when all the finds have been studied, the information from them can be assimilated and combined with the trench reports. In this way, a more comprehensive analysis and a better understanding of the various areas, trenches, and contexts may be achieved. While some of the reports presented here offer only tentative or general dates for specific objects, in the course of time greater precision should be achieved. An updated list of publications about Amorium (central Turkey) has been included and this will assist readers to find references to earlier reports and background information. As an aid to understanding the archaeological context and inter-relationship of the finds, concordances have been added wherever the material was sufficiently numerous to make such lists desirable. The volume presents the results of work in several different disciplines, and as a consequence is divided into two principal parts - finds reports and technical studies. As well as archaeology and art history, several of the reports draw heavily on analytical research and scientific methodology. Much more could and should be done to fill some of the gaps in this work, but to a large extent the ability to do so relies on research beyond the site of Amorium itself - either in an intensive survey of the city's territory or in the more extensive publication of comparable material from elsewhere, especially from other sites in central Anatolia.

This work ('The High Priests of Amun in the 'wHm mswt' Era and the Twenty-First Dynasty') explores the chronological, genealogical and historical controversies from a very dark episode in ancient Egypt: the period at the end of the rule of Ramesses XI and the beginning of the Third Intermediate Period (XXI Dynasty). The research focuses on the role played by the Theban High Priests of Amun - a field of study so far neglected by other Egyptologists.

This work examines spatial variability within and between structures in the Neolithic Eastern Mediterranean and goes on to explore a number of equally significant theoretical issues that play an important role in the understanding of the particular topic. These were matters related to the way spatial information is approached by archaeology and the degree to which the archaeological record is sufficient to provide information about activity areas and changes in the use of domestic space. The work therefore sets information about structures and their furnishing in a wider methodological and theoretical context. Included are extensive analyses tables of data on sites and finds.

Archaeology of East Asia, Volume 1Haimenkou was an important location, with trade and cultural links connecting parts of modern Southeast Asia and northwestern China in ancient times. This book is based on an analysis of the faunal assemblage recovered from the Haimenkou site during the 2008 field season in Yunnan Province, China. It investigates the human-animal relationships at Haimenkou through a time span running from the late Neolithic Period to the middle Bronze Age (ca. 5000-2400 BP). The animal exploitation patterns, local animal domestication processes, human subsistence strategies and communication networks linking Haimenkou and other regions in prehistoric China are studied. Domesticated pig, dog and sheep bones were identified. Over sixteen wild mammal species as well as bird and fish bones and mollusc shells were also recovered. The results suggest that the Haimenkou people developed a mixed subsistence economy, consisting of crop farming, plant food gathering, animal husbandry, hunting and fishing.

In the 1990s, large numbers of mainly metal objects were discovered off the Belgian coast near the port of Zeebrugge, indicating the location of an early modern wreck-site. Though at this time no appropriate legislation in regard to such a procedure existed in Belgium, the discoverer of the finds nonetheless initiated the excavation and study of this underwater site with a team of professional divers and amateur archaeologists. Unfortunately, the project was never finalised and the data related to the excavation ended up unpublished and dispersed among several members of the excavation team. Now, more than 25 years later, the author of this book aims to collect, analyse, and reassess the initial data related to the excavation, in order to propose a substantiated interpretation of this forgotten site. In order to understand the available data, Hendrik Lettany first explores the circumstances of the excavation. The resulting data, together with the actual archaeological collection from the excavation, are then carefully discussed and interpreted.

Entre 450 et 1000 apr. J.-C., les coquilles jouent un rôle fondamental dans les dynamiques socioéconomiques et culturelles des populations installées dans le bassin de Sayula. La présence d'un grand nombre d'indices de manufacture offre des données inédites sur l'exploitation des ressources marines pour la fabrication de parures. Une analyse systématique du matériel est menée, prenant en compte trois aspects: taxonomique, typologique et technologique. Les traces techniques, macro et microscopiques, sont observées ; le travail est complété par l'analyse de micrographies (Microscope Electronique à Balayage) et par la mise en place d'un protocole expérimental. Un modèle de classification des pièces en fonction de leur degré de transformation est établi (matière première, ébauche, préforme, déchet, objet fini, etc.), ce qui permet de déterminer leur place au sein de la chaîne opératoire (préparation, débitage, façonnage, finition). Cette recherche contribue à une meilleure compréhension des comportements techniques des artisans préhispaniques, ainsi que des mécanismes de production des économies passées.Between 450 and 1000 AD, seashells played a fundamental role in the socioeconomic and cultural dynamics of the populations living in the region of the Sayula Basin. The study of the exploitation of marine resources used to manufacture seashell adornments provides new data stemming from the large number of technical products. Mas has here carried out a detailed and systematic description of the malacological remains, from three analytical perspectives: taxonomic, typological and technological. The book includes a description of adornments' technical traces, based on macroscopic, microscopic and micrographic observations (using a Scanning Electron Microscope) which is complemented with experimental protocols. The work establishes a model for the classification of each artifact according to its degree of transformation (such as blank, roughout, preform, debris, finished object, etc.) and thus determines its place in the operational sequence (the treatment of the raw material, the débitage, the shaping, and the finishing process). This research offers insights into the behaviour of pre-Hispanic craftsmen, and contributes towards an understanding of the mechanisms of past economies.

This volume, dedicated to Gertrud Seidmann, includes a collection of papers extending through the world of collecting and antiquarian study, covering diverse parts of the ancient world and drawing on science as well as the fine arts.

Este trabajo pretende convertirse en un modelo teórico que sirva de sustento a un proyecto de investigación futuro sobre tecnología naval prehistórica. Para ello se realiza un desarrollo del proyecto arquitectónico de la construcción naval en la prehistoria a través del análisis de sus cuatro condicionantes básicos: condicionantes socioeconómicos, condicionantes náuticos, condicionantes materiales, condicionantes simbólicos y quizás también un quinto en lo que refiere a la herencia tecnológica y cultural. Se llega a la conclusión de que dichos condicionantes no pueden ser analizados por separados y que son parte consustancial del proyecto arquitectónico. Así también, se propone que a causa de esta realidad los artilugios náuticos se constituyeron como un elemento clave de los procesos de evolución sociocultural y, por lo tanto, jugaron un papel importante en el desarrollo de la complejidad social a lo largo de la prehistoria.This book aims to lay down the theoretical framework that will serve as the basis for a future research project on prehistoric watercraft technology. In order to achieve this, an account of the development of the architectural project of naval construction in prehistory is carried out through an analysis of its four basic constraints: socioeconomic constraints, nautical constraints, material constraints, symbolic constraints and perhaps also a fifth, consisting of technological and cultural heritage. It is concluded that these constraints cannot be analysed separately and that they are an inherent part of the architectural project. Likewise, it is proposed that, because of this reality, boats and ships were a key element of sociocultural evolution and, therefore, played an important role in the development of social complexity throughout prehistory.

The term otoot or dwelling' appears in many Mayan inscriptions placed on various buildings and built structures. Taking this as a starting point, Shannon Plank embarks on a quest to discern in what ways the Mayans used and conceive of lived space.

South Asian Archaeology Series No. 9Edited by Alok K. Kanungo