Bücher der Reihe British Archaeological Reports International Series

This research addresses the issue of variability within the Middle Dorset (2000-1100 B.P.) culture on the island of Newfoundland and on the island of Saint-Pierre in the French Archipelago of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. Practice theory provides the conceptual framework to interpret variability and it is argued that the variability expressed in the Middle Dorset material record reflects the existence of distinct regional traditions. The comparative study of specific aspects of the lithic technology at eight Middle Dorset sites identified a strong process of regional specialization in the technological practices of these Palaeoeskimo people. Raw material use-patterns indicate a strong reliance on regionally available raw materials. Stylistic analysis also identifies discrete stylistic trends. Endblades take an emblematic role as most sites produced distinct and recognizable endblade types. With a few exceptions, the data reveal a high degree of technological homogeneity within individual sites and scarce evidence of contact between sites. At a larger scale, the evidence also indicates faint contact between Newfoundland/Saint-Pierre and Labrador Middle Dorset groups. In this research, the author suggests that the distinct regional technological practices reflect traditions of discrete territorially-defined social groups, much like the historical -muit groups in the Arctic. The picture proposed for the Newfoundland/Saint-Pierre region is one of a number of contemporaneous Middle Dorset groups, each living in discrete territories with their own technological traditions and specific developmental histories.

Amenemhat IV's short and poorly documented reign as penultimate Pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty presents an interesting subject for Egyptological research, as it marks a crucial moment in Egyptian history. Following the crisis of the First Intermediate Period and the great work of unification and innovation undertaken by the rulers of the Twelfth Dynasty, Egypt once again achieved great power and prosperity. However, with the Thirteenth Dynasty, the country's fate changed again, leading to the Second Intermediate Period, a phase that would shake the foundations of Egyptian society, and which paved the way to the New Kingdom. The purpose of this book is a comprehensive and integrated analysis of Amenemhat IV's activity in the context of this historical period. In defining Amenemhat IV's role, and establishing whether his reign represented an element of continuity or of fracture, the author seeks to clarify the causes and mechanisms that led to the end of the Twelfth Dynasty.

This book presents an updated overview of the human occupation process of the Southern Central Pyrenees during the Neolithic. Data obtained from the analysis of the lithic assemblages from four sites (Cueva Chaves, Espluga de la Puyascada, Cova de Els Trocs, Cova del Sardo) located at different altitudes (600-1800 m a.s.l.) are presented. Integrating the study of the lithic raw-material provenance with technological and use-wear analysis of the flaked stone tools, this book provides insights into the economic and mobility patterns of the first Neolithic settlers. The data obtained allow discussion of the occupation dynamics of the mountainous areas and the development of the first agricultural and herding practices between the Early and the Late Neolithic (6th-3rd millennia cal BC).

Devoted to Classical and Medieval archaeology, this volume is a collection of 42 papers (20 in English, 22 in Italian) which deal with following topics: Origin and development of the 'Domus' and the 'Villa' in mid Tyrrhenian Italy; Continuity and discontinuity from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages in Europe and across the Mediterranean Basin; Islamic impact and local response in southern Europe.Edited by Mark Pearce and Maurizio Tosi with Andrea Augenti, Hugo Blake, Paolo Carafa, Cristina Tonghini, Guido Vannini

This book examines certain aspects of the Belgian archaeological record during the Lateglacial. The known chronology and archaeology are re-evaluated; recent radiocarbon dates are discussed. The second part of the book examines a series of supposedly Lateglacial faunal assemblages from 5 cave sites. The book ends with an overview of results and exploration of the notion of ethnicity.

Actes des journées d'étude d'archéologie précolombienne. Genève 10-11 octobre 1997This book includes papers from the First Conference organized by l'Association des etudiants pour Recherches Archaeologiques dans les Pays Andins (ARAPA) held in October 1997. From Argentina to Ecuador, from the Stone Age to the Empire of the Incas, the papers examine socio-economic, environmental, symbolic, territorial and architectural aspects of South American archaeology. Contributors come from France, Switzerland, Germany, Spain, Italy, and Brazil.

This volume presents a study of human settlements in the 'Calatino' district, an area in central-eastern Sicily in the period between the Imperial and the Late Roman periods.

This work focuses on the analysis of the architecture in the Syro-Hittite centres that developed in northern Syria and south-eastern Turkey from the early Iron Age until the Assyrian conquest of the area. A circumwalled lower town and an upper fortified acropolis constituted the usual layout of these centres. These sites were excavated and most of the reports were published between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The scope of this study is to analyse the architecture of this period in relationship to all archaeological finds (decoration, inscriptions, objects and installations) as part of an organised space, with the purpose of understanding the spatial organisation of the towns and identify general patterns that may support the existence of a cultural 'koiíç'.

This books researches human bone modifications and their implications, based on the study of the Mesolithic assemblage from the 'grotte des Perrats' (Charente, France). The evidence produced implies cannibalism among the Mesolithic population.

Paris Monographs in American Archaeology 6Through the study of pre-hispanic salt-making sites in the Basin of Sayula on the east Mexican coast, this book aims to shed further light on the major processes that affected local population and identification of the relationships between man and environment particularly by the determination of the strategies of exploitation of natural resources.

Proceedings of a Congress held at the University of Haifa November 3-9, 1996A collection of papers and discussions in both English (11) and French (5).

Paris Monographs in American Archaeology 8A study in two parts of the important Guatemalan site of El Chagüite (Jalopa). The investigations suggest a relatively large occupation over the Pre-classical and Classical periods, and they have provided essential dating in relation to the organization and evolution of a ceremonial centre over the transitional Pre-classical-Classical eras, as well as unique ceramic and other finds.Written in collaboration with Alicia Blanco Padilla, Véronique Gervais and Stephen Rostain

Egyptian Studies Association Publication No.4Hierakonpolis is situated some 650 km south of Cairo and 113 km north of Aswan. The Locality 6 cemetery lies 2 km south west of the edge of cultivation in the bed of Wadi Abul Suffian, and covers an area of approximately 18,000 sq.m. The mortuary use of the site started about 3700 BC and continued until around 3050 BC. This volume studies 12 tombs, discussing geological features, tomb architecture, various finds (including human bone, floral and faunal remains), regional cemetery planning, extra-regional contacts, the site history, etc.With contributions by Theya Molleson, Ahmed Gamal el-Din Fahmy and Hala N. Barakat

The results of this work are based on investigations conducted over a period of four years at Tel Michal and Apollonia, and are the result of 2,300 actual underwater hours. Evidence collected from written sources and field-work brings the authors to the conclusion that the Mediterranean coastal harbour, or anchorage, at Tel Michal (on the Israeli Sharon Plain) was located in an estuary on the southern or south-eastern side of the high tell. Excavations show habitation from the Middle Bronze Age to the Persian period. Tel Michal declined during Persian rule as Apollonia (lying 3.5 km north) was founded and grew in importance. The overall objectives of the study were to determine whether the two settlements possessed their own harbours, anchorages or beaching shores, or whether their economic development was solely dependent on the hinterland and land-borne transport.Written by Eva Grossmann, with contributors.

A relatively new field of study, this work analyses 27 sites on Corsica, concentrating especially on the human remains found in 12 principal, and 5 secondary, internments dating from the Mesolithic to Iron Ages. The results present a fascinating extension to our knowledge of funerary practices and paleoanthropology in this area of the Mediterranean.

Papers from a symposium held at the Frederick R. Weisman Museum University of Minnesota March 10-12, 2000The 17 papers here stem from a symposium held at the University of Minnesota in March, 2000. Visiting monastic sites of all periods, from Clonmacnoise in Ireland, to Mount Athos, to Old Dongola on the Nile, this collection of essays shows the many variations of religious community, and of material evidence and the ways to use it. The aim has been to illuminate basic (art and architectural) issues concerning monasteries as communities, or parts of communities, and the insights gained provoke thought about other monastic experiences, within and without the Christian tradition.

The open-air sites at Saut-du-Perron (the Villerest district of the Loire, France) have been explored for more than a hundred years and are known in the archaeological literature principally for the discovery of a series of habitation structures associated with a Gravettian industry. These same sites contained 182 engraved schist plaquettes that form the most important collection in eastern France and that are the subject of this study. The author discusses the intrinsic characteristics of the schists, giving a description and drawing of each engraved plaquette, and examines the geographical, stylistic and chronological affiliations of this group within the context of other upper Palaeolithic collections.Book contains complete text in English along with French translation.

Paris Monographs in American Archaeology 10 This monograph discusses the opposition between maritime hunters and the pampas hunters of southernmost Patagonia. The various lithic technologies are investigated and a detailed analysis given of the operating chains of tool making, tool-economies and cultural patterns. The final section assesses these different patterns and the various ways of interpreting convergences and variability in terms of cultural identity. The technical and cultural relationships highlighted lead to a new perception of the dichotomy between maritime and terrestrial hunters, and of the cultural uniformity of the first maritime populations in the 6th millennium BP in South Patagonia.

In contrast to other Atlas and Saharan regions, the prehistoric stone-carvings of certain Moroccan districts are not well known. This volume presents the author's study of various sites (two in Msissi and three in Tazzarine), and especially her attempts to analyze their zoomorphic rock engravings and to insert them in their chronological, cultural, and environmental contexts through a multidisciplinary approach. The engraved bestiary shows several affinities with the neolithic fauna of some sites in the Sahara. The evidence suggests a wide time-span, covering the neolithic era until the protohistoric periods.

Despite many investigations in this area, ancient lamps and lighting techniques continue to fascinate. This present work includes articles from Russia, Switzerland, and Ukraine and tackles contextual problems, possible new classifications, iconography, and related lighting equipment. One chapter is devoted to the role of fire in a Late Skythian royal palace, and others explore the North Pontic area, which is relatively unknown.

In this work the author studies domestic life at two urban sites in Upper Mesopotamia, Titri¿ Höyük and Kazane Höyük, and, for comparison, a rural settlement, Tilbes Höyük. The author opted for an integration of archaeological and geological techniques (more frequently used at prehistoric sites) and developed a method that she refers to as "micro-archaeology" or "micro-debris analysis." In total, 370 micro-debris samples were taken from a diversity of contexts that date to the Early Bronze Age, ca. third millennium B.C.E. Generations of archaeologists have devised models to explain the functioning of cities in ancient Mesopotamia. Implicit in many models is a focus on the elites and historic events. In this research, the author analyzes wealthy and commoner households to test current models of domestic economy, family structure, house types, and residential organization within rural and urban communities.

In his study of the inhabitants of Zahrat adh-Dhra' 1 on the Dead Sea Plain of Jordan, the author presents a behavioral study of a Bronze Age community and provides a useful and complimentary addition to the enormous body of archaeological work conducted on chronology, culture history and trade in the southern Levant. This monograph takes as its focus the controversial realm of ancient behavior. The author's detailed approach arises from the specific necessities surrounding investigations into behavior through archaeological materials and the broad range of materials employed in this work includes subsistence, trade, housing, the preparation of food, waste management, as well as attitudes to communal activities and levels of permanence. The study makes full use of all these variables and tries to understand them within a framework of site formation processes - so crucial to interpretations of material evidence. The result is a comprehensive picture of a unique community, isolated from its contemporaries and living out a frugal existence in a harsh and marginal setting - the inhabitants of Zahrat adh-Dhra' 1 on the Dead Sea Plain of Jordan. The author has attempted to portray accurately ongoing behavioral tendencies, thereby contributing to our knowledge of south Levantine Bronze Age society.

Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 48The study of social and cultural changes which occurred in the period between 3000 and 1000 BC in the areas bordering the Nile and the Red Sea. Studied were the Egyptian texts, archaeological evidence as well as paleo-climatic circumstances.

This is a detailed technical and typological study of the pebble-tool industries from the southern Armorican coast during the Lower Palaeolithic. The study examines regional 'Colombanian' group and compares it with other Acheulian assemblages of Northern France, as well as with similar industries in Europe.

This is a detailed study of clay Neolithic human figurines found in Italy. The book looks at the typological, statistical, iconographical, symbolic and gender-related aspects of small plastic figurines. A detailed catalogue with illustrations is also included.

This work explores the reconstruction of the topography and planning of the ancient Italian town of Spoleto. One of the most important towns of central Italy, Spoleto's Longobard, medieval and modern layouts and histories are well known but, so far, there has been no up-to-date study of the ancient town and its many spectacular Roman buildings. This new work attempts to put on a digital cadastral map all ancient finds known from the very first discoveries (11th and 12th centuries) up until the latest excavations. Using data processing techniques, the author investigates every feature of the ancient settlement and identifies the relationships between the ancient buildings and later constructions. Moving from the typology and building materials, the structures are separated into component layers, reflecting the many various periods of town planning and their relationships with the history of Roman Spoleto provided by ancient sources.

Zenobia, Arab Queen of Palmyra, a tragic persona, beautiful, erudite, ambitious, virtuous, courageous, has baffled historians for many centuries. This study portrays her in her own words, the evidence of ancient and modern sources, both Western and Arabic, excavations and research. The third century of the Roman Empire can be justly called the "Arab century", in the sense that the Arabs helped to shape Roman history, from the Severan dynasty (193-235), through Philip the Arab (244-249) to Odainat and Zenobia (259-272). Palmyra (in present-day Syria) was a unique phenomenon, where East and West met. It owed its power to being a barrier between the two great empires of Persia and Rome, which allowed it to develop an extensive commercial activity, with trade routes, caravans and trading posts, and poured onto the city untold wealth. Born in the desert, Palmyra flared brilliantly like a meteor in the sky for six centuries from the third century BC to the third century AD. And then it was gone. However, during the fleeting period of its existence, this small city on the edge of the desert, challenged and shook the very foundations of the two great and mighty empires of the time - Odainat with his smashing victory over the great Persian king and Zenobia over Rome. Zenobia, the subject of this study, built an empire which she had seized from the Romans and which extended from the Euphrates to the Bosphorus. Zenobia and Palmyra, however, are shrouded in legend. To the prejudice of her being a woman in a completely masculine Roman world, and an Oriental, was added excessive romanticism. Zenobia was a Roman to the Romans, an Arab to the Arabs, a Pan-Hellenist to the Greeks, but in fact she was a Hellenized Arab. Her history, as traced by Western authors, was written by her enemies. On the Arab side, it consists of fantastic legends that concentrate on her feud with the Tanukh, whose storytellers (who were also her enemies), boasted in Arab tents of their victory and her defeat. This present study clarifies certain ambiguous aspects of her life, such as her involvement in philosophy and her devotion to the Platonic ideal, but mainly contests the manner of her death and her humiliation, as reported by her enemies who revelled at her presumed exhibition in the Triumph of Aurelian.

Proceedings of a seminar held on Monday 24th July 2000 to mark the exhibition 'Traces of Paradise' at the Brunei gallery, SOAS, LondonThe papers in this volume were given at a seminar The Archaeology of Bahrain: the British contribution on Monday 24th July 2000 at the School of Oriental and African Studies, London. The venue was the excellent Brunei Gallery, within the School, which was at the time playing host to the exhibition.

The original impetus for this volume came from a small and informal conference held at the British Museum in 1997. The conference, in itself, was an inaugural meeting of the Worked Bone Research Group, an organisation set up shortly before to allow specialists in the study of worked bone, antler, ivory and horn to meet together and discuss assemblages, themes and work in progress. In collating these papers, it became clear that a general theme of materials and their use could be established. Equally, a specific, if fairly broad, time frame of the first millennium AD could also be defined. With these parameters determined, it was possible to enlarge the volume by commissioning extra texts and updating several others, and to bring all of these together into a small monograph. Northern and central Europe witnessed enormous changes in the transition from the Roman to the medieval world across the first millennium AD. This volume pursues some of the common elements, as well as noting change over time.

So far no holistic study and synthesis of Late Minoan bronze-working has been published. This study is the first attempt to collect all available data and analyze the whole bronze-working process from raw materials to finished objects and present a comprehensive view of its development from the Neopalatial to the Postpalatial period. The aims of this study are (1) to collect all published data on bronze objects, evidence for raw materials and bronze workshops as well as scientific analyses related to Late Minoan bronze-working, and store them in codified databases; (2) to analyze this information and identify differences in the bronze object assemblages, selected object types, the finding contexts, the metalworking techniques, the alloy composition and the availability of copper between the Neopalatial, the Mycenaean Knossos and the Postpalatial periods; (3) to identify the causes of possible changes and differences between these periods; (4) to present an overview of the bronze industry on Crete and its development during the Late Bronze Age. Chronologically the study is centred on the Late Bronze Age, and metallurgically and geographically the scope of the research is limited to copper-based objects, archaeological evidence for their manufacturing and copper raw material found on Crete, as well as scientific analyses related to them. Chapter 2 contains a brief outline of Early and Middle Minoan bronze-working. The information sources used for collecting the data and the structures of the databases are presented in Chapter 3. Appendices II -V comprise the database parameters, abbreviations and printouts of the entire databases. The data analyses presented in Chapter 4 are based on bar-charts and curves produced from the databases; a preliminary overviewof the development of the Late Minoan bronze-working is presented in Chapter 5, before the summary and conclusions.