Bücher der Reihe British Archaeological Reports International Series

The experimental study of refitting individual bones by osteoscopic approach includes 20 bilaterally symmetrical pairs and 14 contiguous articulations. More than 800 tests, each one based upon 70 bones, were done. The occurrence of three hierarchies was established: the first implies the type of refitting (bilaterally symmetrical bones are much better recognised than contiguity articulations); the second demonstrates that the performance of recognising refitted bones depends on the type of bones involved; the last relates to the degree of osteological knowledge. These results will provide a strategy to follow during future digging excavations when referencing topographic data. The accuracy of studies applied to metrical, morphometrical and chromatic approaches is also evaluated. The implications brought by refitting single bones in the counting of individuals buried are analysed: new formulae are proposed that allow us to estimate errors in the refitting of individual bones.

A Conference of young researchers working in the Ancient Near East, Egypt and Central Asia, University of Torino, October 2011Edited by Giorgio Affanni, Cristina Baccarin, Laura Cordera, Angelo Di Michele and Katia GavagninBroadening Horizons is an international congress dedicated to postgraduate students and early-stage researchers working with disciplines in the area of Ancient Near East and Eastern Mediterranean studies. With Broadening Horizons 4 the thematic areas were broadened, opening the congress up to the Central Asia studies. The conference was hosted at Università degli Studi di Torino, from the 25th to the 28th of October 2011. Broadening Horizons 4 was a huge success. A total of seventy-four participants from fifteen countries attended the congress, making it the most successful edition. This volume includes most of papers presented at the congress and the key lecture by St John Simpson. The volume has been arranged according to the sessions: settlement patterns and exchange networks; socio-economic reconstruction of ancient societies based on archaeological, historical or environmental records; application of new technologies in archaeological research; impact of human dynamics on landscape evolution; exploitation of the natural environment and sustenance strategies; and posters. Anyone with an interest in the Ancient Near East, Eastern Mediterranean and Central Asia studies will find much to enjoy and appreciate in this volume.

with English summary

This is the first monograph to focus on the study of Early Neolithic groups along the Tagus river basin, in Central Spain. The author presents the first archaeological results on the Neolithic communities in the province of Cáceres, Central Spain, establishing a theoretical and methodological framework to analyse the archaeological record. A large part of the work gathers together previous archaeological research on the area and presents new data obtained from a review of museum collections, surveys, and the excavation of the site of Los Barruecos, the main archaeological reference for the Early Neolithic in the region. Other chapters cover the Early Neolithic material culture, the archaeobotanical data and an analysis of faunal remains, among other data.

Written by Aidan O'Sullivan, Finbar McCormick, Thomas R. Kerr, Lorcan Harney and Jonathan KinsellaThis monograph concentrates on early Irish medieval dwellings and settlements, AD 400-1100, and is directly based on a report compiled and written in the main over the course of 2009 and 2010, largely based on evidence available up to that time. Drawing on both published and unpublished material, it sets out an interpretive, analytical text and a gazetteer of some 241 key early medieval settlements revealed through archaeological excavations. The report also focuses on such themes as houses and buildings, the organisation of settlement enclosures, agricultural activity and crafts and industry; it arguably represents the first compilation, analysis and discussion of early medieval settlement archaeology in Ireland.

Tell el-Mazar (central east Jordan valley, c. 3km north of Tell Deir Alla and 5.5km south of Tell es-Sa'idiyeh) forms part of a complex of sites in the East Jordan Valley that were all occupied in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages: the regional density of nearby occupation testifies to the importance of the locality. It was not only economically important because of its climate, but it was also a crossroads, connecting north and south, as well as east and west. Towards the end of the Late Bronze Age an Egyptian trade route ran from Beth Shean towards the Amman Plain, crossing the river first by Pella, and later by Tell es-Sa'idiyeh. This route must have passed Tell Mazar, which was inhabited during the late Bronze Age, as shown by the large number of Late Bronze Age sherds that were found by successive surveys. This volume contains the final publication of the four seasons of excavations on the main mound and the sanctuary on mound 'A'.

Edited by Sandra L. Olsen, Susan Grant, Alice M. Choyke, and László Bartosiewicz.This volume constitutes the proceedings of the Horses and Humans Symposium, held in 2000 at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pennsylvania. The four-day symposium brought together academics from Europe, Asia and America from the disciplines of archaeology, art history, history, paleontology, biology, veterinary medicine, animal husbandry and other fields.

This book presents aspects of research on the archaeological investigations at the multi-period site of Priniatikos Pyrgos and surrounding area. Incorporating the Vrokastro Survey Project, the Istron Geoarchaeological Project, the Priniatikos Pyrgos Excavation Project and other researches, this volume presents interdisciplinary case-studies that deal with domestic, technological and mortuary practices at the site and how these relate to settlement and resource exploitation in the surrounding landscape. This is set within its environmental context at the local and regional levels, assessing both long term processes and shorter term events. The visual representation of materials and settlement complexity are approached using a combination of established and novel digital methods.

This book is a study about funerary practices of prehistoric communities in Jarama's region (Central Iberia) during the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC. Its aim is to define the different ways of burial and detect its changes and variations in order to identify and explain possible social and ideological transformations. This study shows that relevant socioeconomic transformations happened in the Late Prehistory of Central Iberia and these changes are detected as well as far as ritual ideology is concerned. As a matter of fact, the change in items and type of offerings in the grave goods is very significant between the Copper and Bronze Ages, showing transformations as well in the ideological conception of burials and the afterlife.

Edited by Gocha R. Tsetskhladze with the assistance of Ergün Lafl¿, James Hargrave and William Anderson.The papers in this volume vary in their coverage, from the archaeological to the linguistic, from numismatics to pottery (and peoples), jewellery to rock-cut tombs, inscriptions to basilicas, and from the myth of the Argonauts to the Tabula Peutingeriana.

This book presents the research results carried on the metallic artifacts from the British HMS Swift, lost off Puerto Deseado (Province of Santa Cruz, Argentina) in 1770. The shipwreck - located 47° 45' 12'' South, 65° 54' 57'' West - was found by local divers and has been the subject of archaeological study since 1997.

The domestication of South American camelids (llamas and alpacas) transformed the use of the Andean landscape. In the central altiplano of Bolivia, during the Formative Period (1500 BC - AD 500) a cultural complex known as Wankarani developed. This book discusses the development of early camelid pastoralism by testing a set of hypotheses related to Wankarani economic organization. In contrast with previous ideas that suggested the emergence of sedentary agricultural villages in this region, settlement patterns, site layouts and faunal remains analyses support the interpretation that the development and persistence of mobile pastoralist communities occurred in the Bolivian central altiplano.

The author has undertaken a technological and typological analysis of lithic assemblages from southern Oman dating between 10,000 to 7,000 years before present (BP). These assemblages are characterized by the production of blades (leptoliths) using varied core reduction modalities exemplified throughout the book. These blade technologies are accompanied by formal tools such as tanged projectiles, burins, endscrapers and pseude-backed knifes. The chronological and techno-typological characterization of these blade assemblages warrants its individual status as a lithic industry of the Late Palaeolithic in its own right. The name 'Khashabian' is given by the author to this industry, which has little resemblance to those found outside of Arabia, enforcing the local origin of the Early Holocene Populations of the South Arabian Highlands.

Open-air rock-art forms one of the most widely distributed categories of prehistoric culture with examples recognized across the Old and New Worlds. It is also one of the most threatened features of human heritage and is susceptible to accelerated decay as a result of natural processes. Considering the specific case of the Côa Valley rock-art complex in Portugal, but also analysing case studies originating from other countries (Norway, Brazil, Southern USA and South Korea), this richly illustrated book addresses open-air rock-art natural degradation causes, suitable methods to assess current condition and the creation of urgency scales for conservation interventions.

Sudan Archaeological Research SocietyPublication Number 21This volume (Volume 1) is the last to be printed in a series describing in detail the results of the so-called West Bank Survey, an archaeological survey in the northernmost part of Sudanese Nubia, undertaken on the West Bank between the villages of Faras in the north and Gemai in the south during the period 1960-64. This project was carried out in anticipation of the flooding of the Aswan High Dam. The whole series has been divided into three volumes, no. 2 including sites from the Meroitic and Ballana periods (BAR S1335: Adams 2004), no. 3 including sites of the Christian age (BAR S1421: Adams 2005), while the present volume, no. 1, consists of detailed descriptions of sites and finds of the Early Nubian, Middle Nubian and Pharaonic New Kingdom periods.

In the late 4th century AD, the site of Kourion, Cyprus was destroyed by an earthquake that struck with little or no warning, trapping victims and objects where they lay. Although much of the site was reoccupied and rebuilt, some areas were not, thus providing a unique example of a moment truly "frozen" in time. This work presents the results of a comprehensive study of the architecture, stratigraphy, and material culture assemblage recovered from the "Earthquake House," a multi-roomed domestic structure destroyed during this seismic event. The architectural analysis revealed a number of modifications to the structure that increased its overall size and subdivided its internal spaces, although their timing and reasons remain unknown at present. Study of the artifact assemblage provided significant insights into the processes surrounding the use, re-use, and discard of artifacts. This analysis identified numerous behaviors including consumable and non-consumable storage, storage of material for reuse and/or recycling, food preparation, and waste disposal, including a partial reconstruction of the domestic "waste stream." This study produced a more nuanced model for understanding the distribution of artifacts in ancient domestic contexts and demonstrates that even in cases of near instantaneous destruction without significant disturbance, a wide variety of variables must be considered when examining the artifacts of domestic assemblages.

Since it was established as a formal discipline, use-wear analysis has become routine practice in archaeological research, under the general heading of 'Traceology', 'Wear Trace Analysis', 'Functional Analysis', etc. Until recently, most of the scientific meetings relating to these themes have taken place in Europe or in North America. This volume, however, represents work from South America, covering a selection of papers from the first session organized within the scope of Commission 33 of the UISPP 'Functional Studies of Prehistoric artifacts and their Socio-economic inferences on past societies', realized in Brazil during the XVI World Congress of the UISPP (Florianópolis, 4-10 September 2011). During the session, researchers sought to explore and discuss particular approaches to use-wear analysis and its application to different raw materials. The papers also cover the current state of the discipline, the delineation of basic directions of investigation, new technologies and their correct application, modelling technological processes, and paleo-economic reconstructions. As a corollary, the work also explores the differences between European and recently developed Latin American lines of research.

This book contains papers from the Proceedings of the International Congress on the Evolution and Palaeoepidemiology of the Infectious Diseases 3 (ICEPID) conference which took place at the University of Bradford on the 26th-31st July 1999 (under the Presidency of Professor Yves Coppens.

Edited by Akira Ono, Michael D. Glascock, Yaroslav V. Kuzmin and Yoshimitsu Suda.This volume is a collection of papers related to different aspects of obsidian studies (mainly geology, geochemistry, and archaeology) in Northeast Asia. Special focus is on methodological aspects of acquisition and comparison of geochemical data for obsidian sources generated by different analytical methods (NAA, XRF, ICP-MS, and EPMA) and laboratories, conducted in this region for the first time.

Studies in the Archaeology and History of Baluchistan. Volume IIThe first section of the present volume is a report of the Italian involvement in Southern Makrn and Kharn, its aims and objects, modus operandi. It is essentially restricted to the Islamic era and represents a discourse preliminary to the second section. The methodological approach of combining historical sources (written and manuscript, Persian and Arabic) with archaeological evidence and geo-morphological study has allowed for a re-reading of the traditional literature and the role played by Makrn and, in particular, the Kj-u-Makrn region during the 10th-13th Centuries AD. Many questions put by this mystifying region still stand only partly answered, if not completely un-answered. After three seasons of archaeological field-work and research - complemented with accurate geo-morphological surveys and studying - we are still confronted with an elusive region and some crucial queries. 'Part Two' of this study is the follow up of the archaeological and geo-morphological research-work: a historical study, which focuses on the 10th-13th Centuries AD.

Abu Dhabi Islands Archaeological Survey Monograph 1Fishing forms an important activity in many societies throughout the world today and played a significant role in the life and subsistence of many prehistoric societies. Past archaeological research on fishing has often tended to concentrate on particular sites or chronological periods. This study aims to adopt an inter-disciplinary approach to model regional interactions between coastal communities and their environment. The geographical framework for this study is the Arabian Gulf/Gulf of Oman, with aparticular focus on the southern Gulf region and present day coastline of the United Arab Emirates. The environmental and archaeological background to the region is considered first and modern fisheries data, as well as ethnographic data relating to traditional fisheries is presented. An evaluation is carried out of all the archaeological evidence for the adoption of particular fisheries technology. The principal data forming the basis for this study are 23 archaeological fish bone assemblages from sites located throughout the Arabian Gulf/Gulf of Oman. The chronological focus is from the 5th millennium BC to the Late Islamic period. In order to comprehend the regional variation in fisheries, sites were selected on the basis that they represented a variety of site types in different environments scattered throughout the region. This research provides for the first time a detailed insight into the status of past fisheries resources in the region as well as an insight into the fishing strategies utilised by the early coastal inhabitants of the Gulf during the course of the past 7000 years. The work's special focus is on the use of biometrical techniques to enable size reconstruction of economically important fish groups. The overall aim of this research (the first in a planned series of Abu Dhabi Islands Archaeological Survey Monographs) is to consider the interactions between the goals of the coastal societies, their fishing strategies and environment; the work overall goes some way towards addressingsome of the key questions of relevance to the archaeology of south-east Arabia.

A study of vessels in prehistory, both sea and river, and in all materials, from around the world.

This book focuses on archaeological sites and artifacts related to the Formative societies known as Qaluyu and Pukara (1400 BC-350 AD). These societies developed in the northern basin of Titicaca, in the Department of Puno, Peru. Focussing on the site of Chaupisawakasi, Chapter 1 describes the natural environment of the northern Titicaca Basin, and in particular the valley of Quilcamayo-Tintiri, a tributary of Azángaro River. Chapter 2 assesses the authors' work in regard to previous research in the region with a focus on the survey results from 2007 and 2008. Chapter 3 provides detailed descriptions of archaeological excavations carried out in 2010 at the site of Chaupisawakasi. Chapter 4 describes the analysis performed on materials from the excavations at the site of Chaupisawakasi. Specific data analyzed include pottery, lithic, botanical and zoological. Finally, Chapter 5 presents the authors' interpretations of Chaupisawakasi. They explain the history of the site and its passage from a communitarian society in Qaluyu to a different society that was imposed by the Pukara state, using comparative data from sites from the same period in the Quilcamayo-Tintiri valley and other areas of the northern Titicaca Basin. Finally, this volume offers some suggestions for future research in the Quilcamayo-Tintiri valley in particular in the northern basin of Titicaca in general.

The Ka.Y.A. project began in Ahlat (East Turkey) in 2007, by Centro Studi Sotterranei / Centre for Underground Studies of Genoa (Italy), in the main project 'Eski Ahlat ¿ehri Kazisi' (The Ahlat ancient city excavation) directed from 2005 to 2010 by Dr. Prof. Nak¿¿ Karamäaral¿ (Gazi University, Ankara). The Ka.Y.A. project aims to identify and study the rock-cut sites around Ahlat, as completion of major archaeological excavations in the ancient city located on the northern shores of Lake Van. The Ahlat region is a huge area, at an altitude between 1,700 and 2,500 m, and wedged between massive volcanic systems. During four years of research (2007-2010) the archaeo-speleologist team documented 395 rock-cut sites and underground structures most of which date back to medieval and post-medieval times, relating to different cultures and religions: Armenian, Seljuk, Ilkhanid, Kara Koyunlu, Ak Koyunlu and Ottoman. The results of the first survey campaign were completed in 2007 and published as BAR S2293 (2011),the second campaign 2008 is available as BAR S2560 (2013). These volumes are now supplemented by the new discoveries uncovered during the third season in 2009, with the hope to publish as soon as possible the results of the last mission completed in 2010.

Proceedings of a colloquium held at Potenza, Acerenza and Matera, Italy (May 2005)This book includes papers from a colloquium held at Potenza, Acerenza and Matera, Italy (May 2005), entitled The Late Roman Army in the Near East from Diocletian to the Arab Conquest.Edited by Ariel S. Lewin and Pietrina Pellegrini with the aid of Zbigniew T. Fiema and Sylvain Janniard

On the specific level, this work is an enquiry into Karia (south-western Turkey) and the Hekatomnids in the 4th century BC, a Persian satrapy and its political strategies expressed in its state monuments. On the general level, this is a study of divine kingship, on the creation of a national or shared identity, on acculturation and colonialism: thereby also on globalization. The result may be characterized as an ethnological dissertation on a topic of ancient history elucidated through archaeological analyses. The monograph examines how the Hekatomnids created a successful and prosperous dynasty, providing a lesson on how to enact, stage, and maintain power, by an active use of style and cultural affiliations. It is a study of the formation of an iconography of royal ideology (in its broadest sense) in the Hekatomnid dynasty of the 4th century BC, exploring the nature of power, ethnicity, and acculturation. Above all, the study narrates the story from the perspective of Karia as Karian - a landscape and people like other landscapes and peoples formed by its geographical, geopolitical, and cultural position.

Proceedings of the XV UISPP World Congress (Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006), Volume 35.C74 edited by Marc Groenen and Didier Martens.C81 edited by Jane Kolber; John Clegg and Alicia Distel.C85 edited by Kevin Sharpe and Jean Clottes.S02 edited by Mila Simões Abreu.S07 edited by Giriraj Kumar and Robert Bednarik.WS37 edited by James Keyser and Mavis Greer.Volume edited by Claudia Fidalgo and Luiz Oosterbeek.

The convergence of a number of research groups with common interests in an area little favored by the traditional hypotheses of the interpretation of Peninsular Prehistory made a group of scholars aware of the necessity of periodic meetings to evaluate current thinking. The first took place at Santiago de Alcántara. The contents of these meetings has centered on the analysis of the undervaluing paradigms that have shaped an image of the peninsular interior void of population and subject to late and little compact impulses of more civilizing cultures, always settled on the Iberian coasts, both in the east and the west. The previous volume (BAR S1765 2008) demonstrated the coexistence of open air engravings and paintings, as an exhibition of traditional languages associated with the megalith builders: forms, techniques and environments that fit perfectly with what is known for the whole of the South of the Peninsula, the classical area of Schematic Art. The title of the meeting held at Romangordo in 2008 intends to insist on another of these paradigms: the inexistence of early populations in the interior basins of the Iberian Peninsula.

'La Garma A' is a small cave located in the lower third of La Garma Hill (Cantabria, Spain), at 80m above sea level. It is situated near the village of Omoño, in the municipal district of Ribamontán al Monte, near the eastern shore of Santander Bay, about 12km to the southeast of the city. To undertake this research the author examined the lithic archaeological record of part of the Palaeolithic stratigraphy of the archaeological deposit at La Garma A, covering the period between 15,100 and 12,200 years ago in calibrated chronology, corresponding to the periods known as middle and upper Magdalenian. The starting point in the development of the objectives of this study was to determine the extent to which the lithic assemblage at La Garma A matches previous expectations based on the geographical location of the site, in Cantabrian Spain, and its chronology. In addition, the author looks at how the lithic technology evolved over three thousand years and the contribution its study can make to the overall interpretation of the site. At the same time, more specific and technical objectives are related to the definition of knapping processes, the raw materials chosen for retouching in its different formats and size modules, and for the manufacture of different types of implements. The end result of the research is an attempt to understand the evolution in the use of the lithic assemblages in the sequence at La Garma A, corresponding to the time segment of 15,000-12,000 cal BC, and to provide a platform for further investigations into the identification of the raw materials and quarries involved. Further analysis of some of the cave's features will be fundamental for the understanding of the hunter-gatherers' way of life in the region, whereas the study of other sites of similar chronology will complete the regional panorama.

This volume collates 99 papers in honour of Maurizio Tosi's 70th birthday. Contributions by diverse authors, on very diverse and sometimes unrelated topics reflect the breadth of Maurizio's own exceptional scientific investigations that took him through America, Asia, Arabia and India to follow a career path at times truly unique in his research. This book, as one can see running through many of the contributions presented here, offers a unique opportunity for all of us, as it will be for him too, to read directly in the words of his friends and colleagues, near and far, alongside the results of original research presented in the various papers, the many impressions, memories, criticisms, disappointments and joys of paths which crossed with his.