Bücher der Reihe Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law

This book fills a major gap in the scholarly literature concerning international criminal law, comparative criminal law, and human rights law. The principle of legality (non-retroactivity of crimes and punishments and related doctrines) is fundamental to criminal law and human rights law. Yet this was the first book-length study of the status of legality in international law - in international criminal law, international human rights law, and international humanitarian law. This was also the first book to survey legality/non-retroactivity in all national constitutions, developing the patterns of implementation of legality in the various legal systems such as Common Law, Civil Law, Islamic Law, and Asian Law around the world. This is a necessary book for any scholar, practitioner, and library in the area of international, criminal, comparative, human rights, or international humanitarian law.

Written under the sign of Beckett, this book addresses comparative law's commitment to the deterritorialization of the legal and its attendant claim for the normative relevance of foreign law locally in the fabrication of statutory determinations, judicial opinions, or academic reflections. Wanting to withstand the law's persistent tendency towards nationalist retrenchment and counter comparative law's institutional marginalization, the fifteen essays at hand impart radical and discerning intellectual equipment in order to foster the valorization of the legally foreign and the comparative motion. In particular, the critique informing this manifesto examines pre-eminent topics like culture and difference, understanding and translatability, objectivity and truth, invention and tracing. Harnessing insights from a range of disciplinary discourses, this book contends that comparatists must boldly desist from their field's dominant epistemology and embrace a practice much better attuned to the study of foreignness.

Conflicts between environmental protection laws and human rights present delicate trade-offs when concerns for social and ecological justice are increasingly intertwined. This book retraces how the legal ordering of environmental protection evolved over time and progressively merged with human rights concerns, thereby leading to a synergistic framing of their relation. It explores the world-making effects this framing performed by establishing how 'humans' ought to relate to 'nature', and examines the role played by legislators, experts and adjudicators in (re)producing it. While it questions, contextualises and problematises how and why this dominant framing was construed, it also reveals how the conflicts that underpin this relationship - and the victims they affect - mainly remained unseen. The analysis critically evaluates the argumentative tropes and adjudicative strategies used in the environmental case-law of regional courts to understand how these conflicts are judicially mediated, thereby opening space for new modes of politics, legal imagination and representation.

Written for academics, practitioners and students of international investment law and public international law more generally, the book shows, against the backdrop of recent case law and scholarly debate, how the outbreak of armed conflict influences the operation of international agreements for the promotion and protection of foreign investments.

In this novel and unorthodox historical analysis of modern comparative law, Daniel Bonilla Maldonado explores the connections between modern comparative law and the identity of the modern legal subject. Narratives created by modern comparative law shed light on the role played by law in the construction of modern individual and collective identities. This study first examines the relationship between identity, law, and narrative. Second, it explores the moments of emergence and transformation of this area of law: instrumental comparative studies, comparative legislative studies, and comparative law as an autonomous discipline. Finally, it analyzes the theoretical perspectives that question the narrative created by modern comparative law: Third World Approaches to International Law, postcolonial studies of law, and critical comparative law. For lawyers and legal scholars, this study brings a nuanced understanding of the connections between the theory of modern comparative law and contemporary practical legal and political issues.

It is commonly taught that the prohibition of the use of force is an achievement of the twentieth century and that beforehand States were free to resort to the arms as they pleased. International law, the story goes, was 'indifferent' to the use of force. 'Reality' as it stems from historical sources, however, appears much more complex. Using tools of history, sociology, anthropology and social psychology, this monograph offers new insights into the history of the prohibition of the use of force in international law. Conducting in-depth analysis of nineteenth century doctrine and State practice, it paves the way for an alternative narrative on the prohibition of force, and seeks to understand the origins of international law's traditional account. In so doing, it also provides a more general reflection on how the discipline writes, rewrites and chooses to remember its own history.

Can international human rights law be applied and enforced in a part of a State's territory outside its effective control? This study provides a step by step analysis to show how it can. International human rights law can normalise an imperfect, defective situation through pragmatic interpretation; it imposes obligations both on the territorial State on account of its sovereign title and residual effectiveness on the one hand, and on any subject of international law exercising territorial control over the area on account of its effective control on the other. By considering effectiveness beyond formal normative sources and titles of the subjects implicated in the territorial situation, international human rights law is interpreted and applied in a manner which renders human rights practical and effective. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of State practice regarding various subjects implicated in the territorial situation, applicable legal sources and major geographic areas.

The ideological function of the postcolonial 'national', 'liberal', and 'developmental' state inflicts various forms of marginalisation on minorities, but simultaneously justifies oppression in the name of national unity, equality and non-discrimination, and economic development. International law plays a central role in the ideological making of the postcolonial state in relation to postcolonial boundaries, the liberal-individualist architecture of rights, and the neoliberal economic vision of development. In this process, international law subjugates minority interests and in turn aggravates the problem of ethno-nationalism. Analysing the geneses of ethno-nationalism in postcolonial states, Mohammad Shahabuddin substantiates these arguments with in-depth case studies on the Rohingya and the hill people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, against the historical backdrop of the minority question in Indian nationalist and constitutional discourse. Shahabuddin also proposes alternative international law frameworks for minorities.

This book analyses all relevant questions of State responsibility and attribution arising from the conduct of rebels and governments in the context of civil wars and rebellions aiming at the establishment of a new government or the creation of a new State. Based on a comprehensive analysis of both old and recent State practice, and case law, including investment awards, as well as the works of scholars and the International Law Commission, the book identifies ten basic rules which can be used by States and international tribunals. It explains the history, content and scope of application of the specific solutions adopted in Article 10 of the International Law Commission Articles on State responsibility to address particular problems. The book also critically revisits some of the solutions that have been put forward by tribunals and scholars, and examines a number of questions which have never been addressed by them before.

This book traces the emergence and contestation of State responsibility for rebels during the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. In the context of decolonisation and capitalist expansion in Latin America, it argues that the mixed claims commissions-and the practices of intervention associated with them-served to insulate economic order against revolution, by taking the question of who assumed the risk of harm by rebels out of the scope of national authority. The jurisprudence of the commissions was contradictory and ambiguous. It took a lot of interpretive work by later scholars and codifiers to rationalise rules of responsibility out of these shaky foundations, as they battled for the meaning and authority of the arbitral practice. The legal debates were structured around whether the standard of protection against rebels owed to aliens was nationally or internationally determined and whether it was domestic or international authority that adjudicated such standard-a struggle over the internationalisation of protection against rebels.

An innovative, inter-disciplinary examination of how the International Criminal Court came to be framed as a 'catalyst' for domestic accountability, and its unexpected effects in Uganda, Kenya, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The book urges a critical rethinking of the ICC's politics and offers concrete recommendations for future practice.

During armed conflict, non-State armed groups deprive individuals of their liberty. While this is not a new phenomenon, its pervasiveness is reflected by recent examples in Colombia, Libya, Syria, Ukraine, Mali and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Yet, examining these activities goes beyond its mere acknowledgment. It involves questions concerning their legality and the non-State armed groups' motivations when depriving individuals of their liberty. Drawing on his personal experiences while working for various humanitarian organizations, Ezequiel Heffes aims at elucidating how international law can be used as a protective tool in relation to individuals placed in detention by non-State armed groups. Based on case studies of selected groups and a normative and doctrinal analysis, he proposes minimum humanitarian principles applicable to those situations. By addressing a contemporary issue that touches upon a number of legal regimes, this study makes a valuable contribution to the law applicable in armed conflict.

This ground-breaking study explores the role of repetition in international law, building on insights from philosophy, sociology of religion, theatre and film. It presents age-old doctrinal problems anew, assesses the use of moot courts in legal education and discovers the connections between international criminal law and documentary film making.

As the first single-authored general account of the international law of energy, written by a leading authority and covering all the main rules, processes and institutions, this book will be of significant interest to undergraduate and graduate students, researchers and practitioners of international law, international relations and energy policy.

This is the first history of the environmental regime of the League of Nations during the interwar period. Omer Aloni uncovers the hidden interests, perceptions, motivations and agendas previously overlooked by both environmental historians and legal scholars.

Provides a comprehensive history of the emergence and formation of the concept of sovereignty in China from the year 1840 to the present. It will be of interest to students and scholars of international and comparative law as well as scholars of modern China and policy makers.

Provides a comprehensively updated guide to the crime of aggression. The author's intimate involvement in the crime's negotiations, combined with extensive scholarly reflection, make this book essential for academics and practitioners interested in the crime of aggression, the prohibition of the use of force, and international criminal law.

By adopting a comparative analysis of the practice of five international courts and tribunals, this book systematically describes and analyses the use of domestic law to interpret international law. The findings of the book, which blends doctrinal and theoretical approaches, will be of interest to practitioners and academic researchers alike.

Analyses the International Criminal Court's practice in prosecuting gender-based crimes across all cases for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide that have come before the ICC as of mid-2018. It presents a detailed examination of court records and original interviews with prosecutors and gender experts at the Court.

A radical history of the expansionary project of statehood and its role in constructing the vastly unequal global order we inhabit today. Using meticulously inter-layered case studies, including the canonical 'Abyssinia Crisis', this book will appeal to readers interested in the history and theory of international law and international relations.

Expropriation is a hotly debated issue in international investment law. This book applies the insights of legal theory to analyse expropriation clauses in investment treaties, clarifying what expropriation is and how to apply the unspecific prescriptions in investment agreements.

The United Nations Charter prohibits states to threaten the use of force vis-a-vis another state, but what conduct is prohibited is unclear. This book fills this gap by exploring what forms of military coercion are permitted by international law, when such coercion is justified, and how norm-breakers are dealt with.

This book is for anyone interested in international law, from students to international judges. Complex ideas of maritime boundary delimitation are broken down to be understood by a wide audience, and to be applied in practice by those who deal with maritime boundaries in their professional life.

Appealing to international legal scholars and students concerned with the changing structures of international law, as well as to those audiences in academia, think tanks, and foreign ministries concerned with the law and politics of contemporary international legal strategies, and the role of law in global governance.

Self-Determination in Disputed Colonial Territories addresses the relationship between self-determination and territorial integrity in some of the most difficult decolonization cases in international law, focusing on historical cases as well as those that remain very much alive today.

When is a norm peremptory? This question has troubled legal scholars throughout the development of modern international law. In this work, Daniel Costelloe suggests that only the legal consequences of a norm distinguish it as peremptory, and sheds light on those consequences.

This book offers a new perspective on how legal arguments are constructed whilst revisiting theoretical discussions on the sources of international law and the structure of legal argumentation. It will appeal to those interested in the theory of international law and will inform further explorations of this field.

This book will be of interest to all those interested in constitutional law, public law, human rights law, criminal law, criminology, and comparative law. It will help readers to understand what implications banning people from parts of public space has for the constitutional essentials of liberal democracy: the rule of law, fundamental rights, and democracy.

Rules of customary international law provide basic legal protections to foreign investors. This book analyses how they are created and how they can be identified. Offering guidance to actors called upon to apply such rules in concrete cases, this work is of significant importance to those involved in investment arbitration.