Bücher der Reihe Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics

Point-counting results for sets in real Euclidean space have found remarkable applications to diophantine geometry, enabling significant progress on the Andre-Oort and Zilber-Pink conjectures. The results combine ideas close to transcendence theory with the strong tameness properties of sets that are definable in an o-minimal structure, and thus the material treated connects ideas in model theory, transcendence theory, and arithmetic. This book describes the counting results and their applications along with their model-theoretic and transcendence connections. Core results are presented in detail to demonstrate the flexibility of the method, while wider developments are described in order to illustrate the breadth of the diophantine conjectures and to highlight key arithmetical ingredients. The underlying ideas are elementary and most of the book can be read with only a basic familiarity with number theory and complex algebraic geometry. It serves as an introduction for postgraduate students and researchers to the main ideas, results, problems, and themes of current research in this area.

This concise monograph explores how core ideas in Hardy space function theory and operator theory continue to be useful and informative in new settings, leading to new insights for noncommutative multivariable operator theory. Beginning with a review of the confluence of system theory ideas and reproducing kernel techniques, the book then covers representations of backward-shift-invariant subspaces in the Hardy space as ranges of observability operators, and representations for forward-shift-invariant subspaces via a Beurling-Lax representer equal to the transfer function of the linear system. This pair of backward-shift-invariant and forward-shift-invariant subspace form a generalized orthogonal decomposition of the ambient Hardy space. All this leads to the de Branges-Rovnyak model theory and characteristic operator function for a Hilbert space contraction operator. The chapters that follow generalize the system theory and reproducing kernel techniques to enable an extension of the ideas above to weighted Bergman space multivariable settings.

This Tract presents an elaboration of the notion of 'contiguity', which is a concept of 'nearness' of sequences of probability measures. It provides a powerful mathematical tool for establishing certain theoretical results with applications in statistics, particularly in large sample theory problems, where it simplifies derivations and points the way to important results. The potential of this concept has so far only been touched upon in the existing literature, and this book provides the first systematic discussion of it. Alternative characterizations of contiguity are first described and related to more familiar mathematical ideas of a similar nature. A number of general theorems are formulated and proved. These results, which provide the means of obtaining asymptotic expansions and distributions of likelihood functions, are essential to the applications which follow.

This 1998 book is both an introduction to, and a survey of, some topics of singularity theory; in particular the studying of singularities by means of differential forms. Here some ideas and notions that arose in global algebraic geometry, namely mixed Hodge structures and the theory of period maps, are developed in the local situation to study the case of isolated singularities of holomorphic functions. The author introduces the Gauss-Manin connection on the vanishing cohomology of a singularity, that is on the cohomology fibration associated to the Milnor fibration, and draws on the work of Brieskorn and Steenbrink to calculate this connection, and the limit mixed Hodge structure. This will be an excellent resource for all researchers whose interests lie in singularity theory, and algebraic or differential geometry.

This tract provides a compact introduction to the theory of proximity spaces and their generalisations, making the subject accessible to readers having a basic knowledge of topological and uniform spaces, such as can be found in standard textbooks. Two chapters are devoted to fundamentals, the main result being the proof of the existence of the Smirnov compactification using clusters. Chapter 3 discusses the interrelationships between proximity spaces and uniform spaces and contains some of the most interesting results in the theory of proximity spaces. The final chapter introduces the reader to several generalised forms of proximity structures and studies one of them in detail. The bibliography contains over 130 references to the scattered research literature on proximity spaces, in addition to general references.

This account of convexity includes the basic properties of convex sets in Euclidean space and their applications, the theory of convex functions and an outline of the results of transformations and combinations of convex sets. It will be useful for those concerned with the many applications of convexity in economics, the theory of games, the theory of functions, topology, geometry and the theory of numbers.

Metric space topology, as the generalization to abstract spaces of the theory of sets of points on a line or in a plane, unifies many branches of classical analysis and is necessary introduction to functional analysis. Professor Copson's book, which is based on lectures given to third-year undergraduates at the University of St Andrews, provides a more leisurely treatment of metric spaces than is found in books on functional analysis, which are usually written at graduate student level. His presentation is aimed at the applications of the theory to classical algebra and analysis; in particular, the chapter on contraction mappings shows how it provides proof of many of the existence theorems in classical analysis.

An important part of homological algebra deals with modules possessing projective resolutions of finite length. This goes back to Hilbert's famous theorem on syzygies through, in the earlier theory, free modules with finite bases were used rather than projective modules. The introduction of a wider class of resolutions led to a theory rich in results, but in the process certain special properties of finite free resolutions were overlooked. D. A. Buchsbaum and D. Eisenbud have shown that finite free resolutions have a fascinating structure theory. This has revived interest in the simpler kind of resolution and caused the subject to develop rapidly. This Cambridge Tract attempts to give a genuinely self-contained and elementary presentation of the basic theory, and to provide a sound foundation for further study. The text contains a substantial number of exercises. These enable the reader to test his understanding and they allow the subject to be developed more rapidly. Each chapter ends with the solutions to the exercises contained in it.

Optimization is concerned with finding the best (optimal) solution to mathematical problems that may arise in economics, engineering, the social sciences and the mathematical sciences. As is suggested by its title, this book surveys various ways of penetrating the subject. The author begins with a selection of the type of problem to which optimization can be applied and the remainder of the book develops the theory, mainly from the viewpoint of mathematical programming. To prevent the treatment becoming too abstract, subjects which may be considered 'unpractical' are not touched upon. The author gives plausible reasons, without forsaking rigor, to show how the subject develops 'naturally'. Professor Ponstein has provided a concise account of optimization which should be readily accessible to anyone with a basic understanding of topology and functional analysis. Advanced students and professionals concerned with operations research, optimal control and mathematical programming will welcome this useful and interesting book.

This book provides a general framework for doing geometric group theory for non-locally-compact topological groups that arise in mathematical practice. With sufficient introductory material for beginning graduate students, it is of interest to researchers in geometric group theory, functional analysis, geometric topology and mathematical logic.

This is the first monograph to present the theory of global attractors of Hamiltonian evolutionary partial differential equations, inspired by fundamental phenomena of quantum physics. Researchers and graduate students will appreciate this detailed reference, which covers applications in mathematical physics as well as the underlying theory.

Justification logic is a theory of reasoning that enables the tracking of evidence for statements and therefore provides a framework for the reliability of assertions. This book, the first in the area, is a systematic and modern account that will appeal to readers from a variety of disciplines to which the theory applies.

Shmuel Weinberger describes here analogies between geometric topology, differential geometry, group theory, global analysis, and noncommutative geometry. He develops deep tools in a setting where they have immediate application. The connections between these fields enrich each and shed light on one another.

Slenderness is a concept relevant to the fields of algebra, set theory, and topology. This first book on the subject is systematically presented and largely self-contained, making it ideal for researchers and graduate students. It provides over 350 exercises as well as many open problems to inspire further research.

This advanced monograph is concerned with modern treatments of central problems in harmonic analysis. The main theme of the book is the interplay between ideas used to study the propagation of singularities for the wave equation and their counterparts in classical analysis. In particular, the author uses microlocal analysis to study problems involving maximal functions and Riesz means using the so-called half-wave operator. To keep the treatment self-contained, the author begins with a rapid review of Fourier analysis and also develops the necessary tools from microlocal analysis. This second edition includes two new chapters. The first presents Hormander's propagation of singularities theorem and uses this to prove the Duistermaat-Guillemin theorem. The second concerns newer results related to the Kakeya conjecture, including the maximal Kakeya estimates obtained by Bourgain and Wolff.

This 1999 book investigates the high degree of symmetry that lies hidden in integrable systems. Differential equations arising from classical mechanics, such as the KdV equation and the KP equations, are used here by the authors to introduce the notion of an infinite dimensional transformation group acting on spaces of integrable systems.

The purpose of this 1982 book is to present an introduction to developments which had taken place in finite group theory related to finite geometries. This book is practically self-contained and readers are assumed to have only an elementary knowledge of linear algebra.

This 2000 book provides a self-contained introduction to typical properties of volume preserving homeomorphisms. Stress is given to the interrelation between typical properties of volume preserving homeomorphisms and typical properties of volume preserving bijections of the underlying measure space. An excellent introduction for newcomers, and an indispensable resource for experts.

Assuming only a basic knowledge of manifolds theory, algebra, and measure theory, this 1998 book is a systematic and largely self-contained introduction to Margulis-Zimmer theory. It should appeal to anyone interested in Lie theory, differential geometry and dynamical systems.

Entropy quantities are connected with the 'degree of compactness' of compact or precompact spaces, and so are appropriate tools for investigating linear and compact operators between Banach spaces. The main intention of this Tract is to study the relations between compactness and other analytical properties.

This book is a self-contained account of knowledge of the theory of nonlinear superposition operators: a generalization of the notion of functions. The theory developed here is applicable to operators in a wide variety of function spaces, and it is here that the modern theory diverges from classical nonlinear analysis.

A chain condition is a property, typically involving considerations of cardinality, of the family of open subsets of a topological space.

By including many examples and computations Professor Magid has written a complete account of the subject that is accessible to a wide audience. Graduate students and professionals who have some knowledge of algebraic groups, Lie groups and Lie algebras will find this a useful and interesting text.

This is a systematic account of the multiplicative structure of integers, from the probabilistic point of view. The authors are especially concerned with the distribution of the divisors, which is as fundamental and important as the additive structure of the integers, and yet until now has hardly been discussed outside of the research literature.

This work specifically surveys simple Noetherian rings. The authors present theorems on the structure of simple right Noetherian rings and, more generally, on simple rings containing a uniform right ideal U.

This book is an authoritative description of the various approaches to and methods in the theory of irregularities of distribution.

This is a integrated presentation of the theory of exponential diophantine equations.

This tract gives a fairly elementary account of the theory of quadratic forms with integral coefficients and variables. It assumes a knowledge of the rudiments of matrix algebra and of elementary number theory, but scarcely any analysis. It is therefore intelligible to beginners and helps to prepare them for the study of the advanced work on quadratic forms over general rings.

'Martin's axiom' is one of the most fruitful axioms which have been devised to show that certain properties are insoluble in standard set theory. It has important applications m set theory, infinitary combinatorics, general topology, measure theory, functional analysis and group theory.