Bücher der Reihe Disaster Risk Reduction

This book presents the evolution of the science technology paradigm in Japan and analyzes the critical community and local governance issues from the perspectives of the changing risk landscape, Society 5.0, and digital transformation. It also provides suggestions for the future development of a resilient society and community, by drawing lessons from other countries.Advancements in science technology in recent decades in Japan and the world might have increased our capacity to tackle the adverse human consequences of various kinds of disasters and environmental issues. However, the accompanied and interlinking phenomena of urbanization, climate change, rural to urban migration, population decreases, and aged population have posed new challenges, especially in the small, medium-sized cities, and in rural areas of Japan. This is also enhanced by the risk of cascading, complex and systemic risk, which is defining a new normal as "e;living with uncertainties"e;.Society 5.0 is defined as "e;A human-centered society that balances economic advancement with the resolution of social problems by a system that highly integrates cyberspace and physical space."e; Society 5.0 was proposed in the 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan as a future society that Japan should aspire to. Society 5.0 achieves a high degree of convergence between cyberspace (virtual space) and physical space (real space), compared with the past information society (Society 4.0) that people would access a cloud service (databases) in cyberspace via the Internet and search for, retrieve, and analyze information or data.In Japan, in the initial stage, a great deal of confusion about the number of people infected with coronavirus occurred. Not only made it inefficient, but it did not produce the accurate data needed for critical decisions.Japan may have unique disadvantages compared with other countries. Trying to drive digitization without thoroughly understanding these disadvantages and addressing them head-on will only lead to failed digital transformations.With these three pillars of changing risk landscape, Society 5.0, and Digital transformation drive, the book will analyze the evolution of the science technology paradigm in Japan, will go deeper into the critical community and local governance issues, and will provide suggestions for future development of resilient society and community, by drawing lessons from overseas disaster risk reduction.

This book explores the reconstruction after the 2015 Gorkha Nepal earthquake, on the basis of the author's first-hand experience that has been validated with empirical evidence. Unlike other advocacy and academic literature, the book takes readers close to the ground where the activities took place. This book describes Nepal's efforts to rebuild private housing from the preparatory to the concluding stages, and the obstacles faced and overcome along the way. It assesses the consequences of the policy level decisions and also examines the relevance, utility and future use of damage assessment surveys that were carried out in the country. In addition, lessons from the housing grant payment through the banking system, impending reasons for housing non-compliance to building standards, experimentation with resilient resettlements and unresolved issue of urban regeneration have been also delved in. The ground realities revealed that the aid architecture requires further carving out. The last three chapters have attempted to capture the macro level picture of the reconstruction and recovery endeavors: contribution to national economy, structural resilience and comparative overview of Nepal's delivery in global context. As an intimately involved professional with the 2015 Nepal Earthquake, Dr Shrestha is the authority from whom a holistic understanding can be attained regarding the response of Nepal's state and society to the Earthquake. His study will have ramification at national and global scale in handling with inescapable natural calamities.                                                                                            Kanak M. Dixit, Journalist and Heritage ConservationistDr. Shrestha's book provides rare insight and perspective on the issues and challenges of governance during the complex journey to reconstruction and future resilience, reflecting his long and intense engagement in the post disaster recovery and reconstruction.                                                                                    Vivek Rawal, Director, People-in-Centre, Ahmedabad, India     This collection of balanced insightful essays methodically explores topics such as government decisions and aid during the earthquake recovery combining lived experience and a research approach to reveal lessons and future considerations.                                                                                                                                                          Loren Lockwood,                                                                                                                                      Former National Coordinator,                                                                                                Housing Recovery and Reconstruction Platform Nepal

This book discusses the need for entrepreneurship for sustainable development from the perspective of Asia, the fastest growing region in the world. The world is now witnessing a spectacular rise of technology entrepreneurship, involving mobile phones, artificial intelligence, geospatial information systems and social media. On the other hand, governments all over the world, particularly those in low and medium income countries, are facing severe resource constraints in developing the livelihood and well-being of citizens. Although many non-government organizations (NGOs) have worked on various development projects in a number of social sectors such as health, education, disabilities, poverty alleviation and environment, there is still substantial scope for technological innovation, including more efficient, effective and user-friendly solutions in different parts of the world. This book is organized into 2 parts and consists of 17 chapters. The first part explores education and well-being, and the second part discusses the climate, environment and disaster management.

This book provides an overview of the extensive work that has been done on the design and implementation of the COVID-19 Philippines Local Government Unit Monitoring Platform, more commonly known as Feasibility Analysis of Syndromic Surveillance Using Spatio-Temporal Epidemiological Modeler for Early Detection of Diseases (FASSSTER). The project began in 2016 as a pilot study in developing a multidimensional approach in disease modeling requiring the development of an interoperable platform to accommodate input of data from various sources including electronic medical records, various disease surveillance systems, social media, online news, and weather data. In 2020, the FASSSTER platform was reconfigured for use in the COVID-19 pandemic. Using lessons learned from the previous design and implementation of the platform toward its full adoption by the Department of Health of the Philippines, this book narrates the story of FASSSTER in two main parts.Part I provides a historical perspective of the FASSSTER platform as a modeling and disease surveillance system for dengue, measles and typhoid, followed by the origins of the FASSSTER framework and how it was reconfigured for the management of COVID-19 information for the Philippines. Part I also explains the different technologies and system components of FASSSTER that paved the way to the operationalization of the FASSSTER model and allowed for seamless rendering of projections and analytics. Part II describes the FASSSTER analytics and models including the Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) model, the model for time-varying reproduction number, spatiotemporal models and contact tracing models, which became the basis for the imposition of restrictions in mobility translated into localized lockdowns.

The book seeks to comprehend how indigenous knowledge systems of local communities can be effectively used in disaster management of various types. A prime example is the 2015 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, promoting indigenous environmental management knowledge and practices. Traditional knowledge of indigenous peoples includes information and insight that supplement conventional science and environmental observations, a comprehensive understanding of the environment, natural resources, culture, and human interactions with them which is not documented before. A great deal of this knowledge have been lost in translation. In this book, the authors attempt to keep a record of each and every traditional knowledge study of the indigenous communities in managing the disasters.The use of indigenous knowledge systems in disaster understanding and management is the primary focus of the chapters. This book is organized into four major sections. Thefirst part gives an overview and help in conceptualizing the different concepts of hazard and disaster perception and how response and adaptation are connected with it. This part also discusses the concept of the connection between hazard and sustainable development and how the understanding of risk reduction and resilience can happen with the help of indigenous knowledge, insights, and strategies.The second part of the book introduces the different approaches to disaster and risk management. It establishes how vulnerability influences the risk associated with a hazard and the responses can be both positive and negative in disaster management. The approaches of the indigenous communities in managing a disaster, their resilience, capacity building, and community-based preparedness will be the area of prime focus in this chapter.Part 3 of this book describes the concept of sustainability through indigenous knowledge and practice. The sole highlight of this chapter is the indigenous knowledge efficacies in disaster identification, risk reduction, climate risk management, and climate action.The last section of the book explores how to meet the gaps between local knowledge and policy formulation. It highlights how traditional knowledge of the indigenous communities can prove to be beneficial in developing a holistic regional-based policy framework which will be easily accepted by the target stakeholders since they will be more acquainted with the local strategies and methods. This section ends with an assessment and discussion of the gaps and future scopes in disaster risk reduction through integrating local knowledge and modern technologies.

As the population is growing and urbanization is progressing, higher numbers of people are exposed to disaster risks, especially in the developing countries. Climate change is further worsening the impacts of existing risks and introducing new ones. It is imperative that countries need to invest more in disaster risk reduction (DRR) as well as climate change adaptation (CCA) not only to minimize their impacts but also to build resilience.To date, various international arenas have recommended increasing investment in DRR. The Sendai Framework for DRR, adopted by the UN member states in 2015 during the Third UN World Conference on DRR, emphasizes investment as a priority for decreasing disaster risks and losses. The Yangon Declaration set the goal of doubling investment to address water-related disasters. However, most countries are not able to proactively invest enough in DRR. Understanding the current scale and estimate of investment and its effects is crucial for promoting DRR investment, but such information and estimates are rarely available.This book examines the current investment trends and issues in DRR and CCA. Based on specific case studies, field data and evidence, the book identifies challenges in increasing investment and recommends various investment policies and innovative approaches to sustainable progress towards a resilient future.Chapter 12  is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book explores the feasibility of using El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-based forecasts and early warning systems to prevent losses from floods and droughts in Bangladesh. Despite advances in short-range flood forecasting and information dissemination systems in Bangladesh, the present system is less than satisfactory. This is due to short lead-time products, outdated dissemination networks, and lack of direct feedback from the end-user. One viable solution is to produce long-lead seasonal forecasts-the demand for which is significantly increasing in Bangladesh- and disseminate these products through appropriate channels. As observed in other regions, the success of seasonal forecasts, in contrast to short-term forecasts, depends on consensus among the participating institutions. Therefore, the primary objective of the book is to revisit and modify the framework of an ideal warning response system for issuance of consensus seasonal flood forecasts in Bangladesh. The book discusses issues related to the 5-stage Flood Forecasts, Warning, and Response System (FFWRS) and emphasizes the role of the seasonal 'Climate Outlook Forum (COF)' in Bangladesh. The book also identifies ways to improve forecasting and early warning systems by utilizing ENSO-based climate data and models, and discusses a comprehensive and participatory approach to seasonal flood hazard management in Bangladesh.Several successful case examples of ENSO-based seasonal forecasts and early warning systems from other ENSO-sensitive regions have been documented. The primary audience includes academics and students, government policymakers, engineers, and business leaders.

This book analyzes recent advances, trends, challenges and potentials of the role of media in disaster risk reduction. Collaboration, co-design and co-delivery with other stakeholders in science technology, private sectors, and civil society are found to be effective in reaching people and communities.The media is considered to be of utmost importance in all phases of disasters, before, during and after, with different types of media having different proactive roles to play in disaster risk reduction. Before disasters, they play essential roles not only in bringing early warning to people but also in enhancing their perception of the need to take action. At during- and post-disaster response recovery phases, community radio and social media are the key. These necessitate a resilient media infrastructure as the core of uninterrupted coverage.Media literacy has become an important issue for several stakeholders, including governments. In addition, more focus is placed on media governance to look at the priorities of disaster risk reduction initiatives within the media. All of these are considered to lead to trust in the media, which further improves people's disaster response actions based on information from the media, before and during disasters.Covering different aspects of media, this book is a valuable source for students, researchers, academics, policy-makers and development practitioners. 

This book explores how climate change and disaster risks threaten human security in Asia. Climate change and disaster risks have emerged as major human security challenges in the twenty-first century, and are an imminent "e;threat multiplier"e; with the potential to harm the vital core of human life and curtail people's freedom and ability to live with dignity. Climate change and disaster risks undermine the security of individuals, communities, nations, and the world, considering the increasing trend in the frequency and magnitude of hydro-meteorological disasters and the projections on their future adverse impacts.Despite recent advances in the literature, there is still a major gap in understanding the relationship and linkages between climate change, disaster risks, and human security, particularly as gleaned from the Asian experience. Asia is the world's most vulnerable region in terms of the quantity and magnitude of impacts from various forms of disaster. At the same time, it has developed a number of innovative responses to address those risks, offering a wealth of experience. Exploring and capitalizing on the Asian perspective, this book provides valuable resource material for students, academics, researchers, policymakers, and development practitioners working in these areas.

This book includes selected papers presented at the international expert forum on ¿Mainstreaming Resilience and Disaster Risk Reduction in Education,¿ held at the Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand on 1¿2 December 2017. The journey towards disaster risk reduction and resilience requires the participation of a wide array of stakeholders ranging from academics to policymakers, to disaster managers. Given the multifaceted and interdependent nature of disasters, disaster risk reduction and resilience require a multidisciplinary problem-solving approach and evidence-based techniques from the natural, social, engineering, and other relevant sciences.Traditionally, hazard and disaster-related studies have been dominated by the engineering and social science fields. In this regard, the main purpose of this book is to capture the multidisciplinary and multisectoral nature of disaster risk reduction, and to gather existing data, research, conceptual work, andpractical cases regarding risk reduction and its ties to sustainable development under a single ¿umbrella.¿ Along with the sustainability aspect, the book also links disaster risk reduction with development, technology, governance, education, and climate change, and includes discussions on challenges, solutions, and best practices in the mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction.

This book is a collection of works written by young scientists involved in the Integrated Disaster Risk Research (IRDR).

In contrast, with the advent of science and technology, scientists and engineers have become owners of advanced technologies, which have contributed significantly to reducing disaster risks across the globe.

IntroductionEmily Chan, Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Rajib Shaw, Keio University, Japan Part 1:Chapter 1: Overview of H-EDRM and health issues in DRR: Practices and challengesEmily Chan, Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Rajib Shaw, Keio University, JapanPart 2:Chapter 2: Public health prevention hierarchy in disaster contextEmily Chan, Chinese University of Hong KongChapter 3: Key public health challenges for H-EDRM in the twenty-first century: Demographic and epidemiological transitionsEmily Chan, Chinese University of Hong KongChapter 4: Evidence gaps in bottom-up resilience building of H-EDRM in AsiaEmily Chan, Chinese University of Hong KongChapter 5: H-EDRM in international policy agenda I: Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 Emily Chan, Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Rajib Shaw, Keio University, Japan Chapter 6: H-EDRM in international policy agenda III: Paris climate agreementEmily Chan, Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Rajib Shaw, Keio University, Japan Chapter 7: H-EDRM in international policy agenda IV: 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and New Urban Agenda (Habitat III)Rajib Shaw, Keio University, Japan, and Emily Chan, Chinese University of Hong KongPart 3:Chapter 8: Health issues and DRR in India: Some reflectionsR. Krishnamurthy, University of Madras, India Chapter 9: Health issues and disaster risk reduction perspectives in ChinaEmily Chan, Chinese University of Hong KongChapter 10: Health emergencies and DRR in Pakistan: examples and achievementsAtta-ur Rahman, University of Peshawar, Pakistan Chapter 11: Bangladesh public health issues and implications to flood risk reductionAkiko Matsuyama and Maiko Sakamoto, University of Tokyo, Japan Chapter 12: Epi-Nurse: health emergency perspectives in NepalSakiko Kanbara, Kochi University, Japan Chapter 13: Health emergency and public involvement in PhilippinesMa. Regina Justina E. Estuar, Ateneo University, PhilippinesChapter 14: Smart water solutions for health emergency in he delta region of BengalBhaswati Ray, University of Calcutta, India, Md. Anwarul Abedin, Bangladesh Agriculture University and Rajib Shaw, Keio University, Japan  Chapter 15: Community networking for healthcare in case of disaster: Examples from small and medium sized cities in JapanKenji Isayama, Hiroshima International University, Japan and Rajib Shaw, Keio University, Japan Part 4:Chapter 16: Future perspectives of H-EDRM and risk reduction in Asia Emily Chan, Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Rajib Shaw, Keio University, Japan  

This book analyzes recent advances, trends, challenges and potentials of the role of media in disaster risk reduction. Collaboration, co-design and co-delivery with other stakeholders in science technology, private sectors, and civil society are found to be effective in reaching people and communities.The media is considered to be of utmost importance in all phases of disasters, before, during and after, with different types of media having different proactive roles to play in disaster risk reduction. Before disasters, they play essential roles not only in bringing early warning to people but also in enhancing their perception of the need to take action. At during- and post-disaster response recovery phases, community radio and social media are the key. These necessitate a resilient media infrastructure as the core of uninterrupted coverage.Media literacy has become an important issue for several stakeholders, including governments. In addition, more focus is placed on media governance to look at the priorities of disaster risk reduction initiatives within the media. All of these are considered to lead to trust in the media, which further improves people¿s disaster response actions based on information from the media, before and during disasters.Covering different aspects of media, this book is a valuable source for students, researchers, academics, policy-makers and development practitioners.

This book discusses the impact of climate change, land use and land cover, and socio-economic dynamics on landslides in Asian countries.

This book explores how climate change and disaster risks threaten human security in Asia. Climate change and disaster risks have emerged as major human security challenges in the twenty-first century, and are an imminent ¿threat multiplier¿ with the potential to harm the vital core of human life and curtail people¿s freedom and ability to live with dignity. Climate change and disaster risks undermine the security of individuals, communities, nations, and the world, considering the increasing trend in the frequency and magnitude of hydro-meteorological disasters and the projections on their future adverse impacts.Despite recent advances in the literature, there is still a major gap in understanding the relationship and linkages between climate change, disaster risks, and human security, particularly as gleaned from the Asian experience. Asia is the world¿s most vulnerable region in terms of the quantity and magnitude of impacts from various forms of disaster. At the same time,it has developed a number of innovative responses to address those risks, offering a wealth of experience. Exploring and capitalizing on the Asian perspective, this book provides valuable resource material for students, academics, researchers, policymakers, and development practitioners working in these areas.

China, where COVID-19 started, has developed and utilized different types of technologies, including both traditional and disruptive technologies, to address the pandemic risks.

While the experiences of disaster risk reduction and climate change implementation in Southeast Asian countries have been well documented, tacit knowledge from emergency response and recovery from these countries has not been transformed into explicit knowledge.

This book highlights the current issues, challenges, and priorities for climate change adaptation in the ten member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).

IntroductionEmily Chan, Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Rajib Shaw, Keio University, Japan Part 1:Chapter 1: Overview of H-EDRM and health issues in DRR: Practices and challengesEmily Chan, Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Rajib Shaw, Keio University, JapanPart 2:Chapter 2: Public health prevention hierarchy in disaster contextEmily Chan, Chinese University of Hong KongChapter 3: Key public health challenges for H-EDRM in the twenty-first century: Demographic and epidemiological transitionsEmily Chan, Chinese University of Hong KongChapter 4: Evidence gaps in bottom-up resilience building of H-EDRM in AsiaEmily Chan, Chinese University of Hong KongChapter 5: H-EDRM in international policy agenda I: Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 Emily Chan, Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Rajib Shaw, Keio University, Japan Chapter 6: H-EDRM in international policy agenda III: Paris climate agreementEmily Chan, Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Rajib Shaw, Keio University, Japan Chapter 7: H-EDRM in international policy agenda IV: 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and New Urban Agenda (Habitat III)Rajib Shaw, Keio University, Japan, and Emily Chan, Chinese University of Hong KongPart 3:Chapter 8: Health issues and DRR in India: Some reflectionsR. Krishnamurthy, University of Madras, India Chapter 9: Health issues and disaster risk reduction perspectives in ChinaEmily Chan, Chinese University of Hong KongChapter 10: Health emergencies and DRR in Pakistan: examples and achievementsAtta-ur Rahman, University of Peshawar, Pakistan Chapter 11: Bangladesh public health issues and implications to flood risk reductionAkiko Matsuyama and Maiko Sakamoto, University of Tokyo, Japan Chapter 12: Epi-Nurse: health emergency perspectives in NepalSakiko Kanbara, Kochi University, Japan Chapter 13: Health emergency and public involvement in PhilippinesMa. Regina Justina E. Estuar, Ateneo University, PhilippinesChapter 14: Smart water solutions for health emergency in he delta region of BengalBhaswati Ray, University of Calcutta, India, Md. Anwarul Abedin, Bangladesh Agriculture University and Rajib Shaw, Keio University, Japan  Chapter 15: Community networking for healthcare in case of disaster: Examples from small and medium sized cities in JapanKenji Isayama, Hiroshima International University, Japan and Rajib Shaw, Keio University, Japan Part 4:Chapter 16: Future perspectives of H-EDRM and risk reduction in Asia Emily Chan, Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Rajib Shaw, Keio University, Japan  

This book includes selected papers presented at the international expert forum on "Mainstreaming Resilience and Disaster Risk Reduction in Education," held at the Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand on 1-2 December 2017. The journey towards disaster risk reduction and resilience requires the participation of a wide array of stakeholders ranging from academics to policymakers, to disaster managers. Given the multifaceted and interdependent nature of disasters, disaster risk reduction and resilience require a multidisciplinary problem-solving approach and evidence-based techniques from the natural, social, engineering, and other relevant sciences.Traditionally, hazard and disaster-related studies have been dominated by the engineering and social science fields. In this regard, the main purpose of this book is to capture the multidisciplinary and multisectoral nature of disaster risk reduction, and to gather existing data, research, conceptual work, and practical cases regarding risk reduction and its ties to sustainable development under a single "umbrella." Along with the sustainability aspect, the book also links disaster risk reduction with development, technology, governance, education, and climate change, and includes discussions on challenges, solutions, and best practices in the mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction.

This book provides an analytical discussion of the status of disaster risk reduction and governance in an Indian context, drawing examples and lessons from the output of the national and regional level programs and projects and from other relevant experiences in the country.