Bücher der Reihe Exercises in Radiological Diagnosis

The cervical spine is always examined initially using standard radiographs, which often provide a sufficient basis for diagno­ sis. Malformations, tumours, more frequently trauma, rheuma­ tism, and even plain neck pain require a radiological exam­ ination. The interpretation of radiological images is often difficult because of overlapping pieces of bone, the summation phe­ nomena and the diversity of projections. In this book, two- or three-dimensional CTscans accompany the standard radiographs, serving as an excellent aid for com­ prehension. It is almost as if the reader actually had the bones shown in the radiographs in his hands. From then on, everything becomes easy, superimpositions vanish, traps come to light, anatomy triumphs, and the images takes on life. Besanl$on, 1990 J .-F. BONNEVILLE, F. CATTIN v Contents Introduction 1 Iconography and Text with Corresponding Schemes 2 Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 123 VII Normal cervical spine: 3-D imaging 1 1 2 Case 1 1 Our starting point is a normal lateral radiograph of the cervical spine. It will serve as a guide and point of reference in our task of comprehending the interrelationships between the structures of the cervical spine. This radiograph correctly includes the entire area from the base of the skull to the cervicothora­ cic junction. The soft tissues are clearly visible anteriorly, as are the extremities of the spinous processes posteriorly. In this case, with the subject looking straight ahead, is a slight, regular, physiological lordosis ofthe cervical column.

To optimize memorization of the image I have selected unmistakable cases with marked, well-evolved lesions. After studying an image, the reader will find in the second section, under the appropriate reference number, a commen tary illustrated with a realistic drawing by my friend Dr. Csaba Hethalmi.

Technical advances in the field of mammography and better interpretation of the photographs have led recently to a more precise and reliable means of diagnosis, especially for findings which are difficult to analyse.

Marcelle Megret has assembled a comprehensive collection of radiographie images during her work in the field of com puted tomography of the cranial skeleton. Marcelle Megret, like most of my students, conceives and carries out the schematas herself. It inaugurates Marcelle Megret's career as an author and is an honor to the University of Geneva.

For this, eight main slice levels have been considered necessary and sufficient: neces sary since a certain number of slices are indispensable for the exploration of the abdomen; This numbered radio graph of the abdomen is an analogous representation of the information and allows the location of the eight selected slice levels;

This book, the seventh in the series Exercises in Radiological Diagnosis, deals with sonography, an imaging procedure in which the ability of the radiologist plays an exceptionally important role. WACKENHEIM v Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

- The authors wishes to thank his friends Y. BouRJAT VII Contents Part One: Iconography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Part Two: Commentary with Corresponding Schemata 117 Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 .