Bücher der Reihe G. CHANDANA

Now a days glasses are becoming very important material with different compositions in many preferred forms like lenses, screens, prisms and optical communication fibers which are in demand in regular life. These can be produced by many conventional techniques based on application [1-5].Glasses with heavy metal elements which are doped with different lanthanide ions have much attention fabrication of optical fiber amplifiers and solid state lasers [4-6]. Also some of these glasses are useful as sensors and second harmonic generators due to their versatile compositional design [7]. So it is very important to study about glass science and is to be a revolutionary area in condensed matter physics [8].