Bücher der Reihe Graduate Texts in Mathematics

Developed over years of classroom use, this textbook provides a clear and accessible approach to real analysis. This modern interpretation is based on the author's lecture notes and has been meticulously tailored to motivate students and inspire readers to explore the material, and to continue exploring even after they have finished the book. The definitions, theorems, and proofs contained within are presented with mathematical rigor, but conveyed in an accessible manner and with language and motivation meant for students who have not taken a previous course on this subject.The text covers all of the topics essential for an introductory course, including Lebesgue measure, measurable functions, Lebesgue integrals, differentiation, absolute continuity, Banach and Hilbert spaces, and more. Throughout each chapter, challenging exercises are presented, and the end of each section includes additional problems. Such an inclusive approach creates an abundance of opportunities for readers to develop their understanding, and aids instructors as they plan their coursework. Additional resources are available online, including expanded chapters, enrichment exercises, a detailed course outline, and much more.Introduction to Real Analysis is intended for first-year graduate students taking a first course in real analysis, as well as for instructors seeking detailed lecture material with structure and accessibility in mind. Additionally, its content is appropriate for Ph.D. students in any scientific or engineering discipline who have taken a standard upper-level undergraduate real analysis course.

Chapters in the remainder of the text can be read independently and explore specific aspects of the theory of binomial ideals, including edge rings and edge polytopes, join-meet ideals of finite lattices, binomial edge ideals, ideals generated by 2-minors, and binomial ideals arising from statistics.

In the introduction to the first volume of The Arithmetic of Elliptic Curves (Springer-Verlag, 1986), I observed that "the theory of elliptic curves is rich, varied, and amazingly vast," and as a consequence, "many important topics had to be omitted."

When the first edition of this textbook published in 2011, it constituted a substantial revision of the best-selling Birkhauser title by the same author, A Concise Introduction to the Theory of Integration.

SL2(R) gives the student an introduction to the infinite dimensional representation theory of semisimple Lie groups by concentrating on one example - SL2(R). The rapid development of representation theory over the past 40 years has made it increasingly difficult for a student to enter the field.

Familiarizes students with the tools they need to use manifolds in mathematical or scientific research - smooth structures, tangent vectors and covectors, vector bundles, immersed and embedded submanifolds, tensors, differential forms, de Rham cohomology, vector fields, flows, foliations, Lie derivatives, Lie groups, Lie algebras, and more.

This textbook provides a gentle introduction to intersection homology and perverse sheaves, where concrete examples and geometric applications motivate concepts throughout.

This textbook introduces first-order logic and its role in the foundations of mathematics by examining fundamental questions. What is a mathematical proof? How can mathematical proofs be justified? Are there limitations to provability? To what extent can machines carry out mathematical proofs? In answering these questions, this textbook explores the capabilities and limitations of algorithms and proof methods in mathematics and computer science.The chapters are carefully organized, featuring complete proofs and numerous examples throughout. Beginning with motivating examples, the book goes on to present the syntax and semantics of first-order logic. After providing a sequent calculus for this logic, a Henkin-type proof of the completeness theorem is given. These introductory chapters prepare the reader for the advanced topics that follow, such as Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems, Trakhtenbrot's undecidability theorem, Lindström's theorems on the maximality of first-order logic, and results linking logic with automata theory. This new edition features many modernizations, as well as two additional important results: The decidability of Presburger arithmetic, and the decidability of the weak monadic theory of the successor function.Mathematical Logic is ideal for students beginning their studies in logic and the foundations of mathematics. Although the primary audience for this textbook will be graduate students or advanced undergraduates in mathematics or computer science, in fact the book has few formal prerequisites. It demands of the reader only mathematical maturity and experience with basic abstract structures, such as those encountered in discrete mathematics or algebra.

The book is a graduate text on unbounded self-adjoint operators on Hilbert space and their spectral theory with the emphasis on applications in mathematical physics (especially, Schroedinger operators) and analysis (Dirichlet and Neumann Laplacians, Sturm-Liouville operators, Hamburger moment problem) .

Whereas classical discrete dynamics is the study of iteration of self-maps of the complex plane or real line, arithmetic dynamics is the study of the number-theoretic properties of rational and algebraic points under repeated application of a polynomial or rational function.

The first part consists of problems, frequently preceded by definitions and motivation, and sometimes followed by corollaries and historical remarks... The third part, the longest, consists of solutions: proofs, answers, or contructions, depending on the nature of the problem....This is not an introduction to Hilbert space theory.

This textbook offers an approachable introduction to stochastic processes that explores the four pillars of random walk, branching processes, Brownian motion, and martingales. Themes span Poisson processes, branching processes, the Kolmogorov-Chentsov theorem, martingales, renewal theory, and Brownian motion.

This textbook introduces enumerative combinatorics through the framework of formal languages and bijections. Connections to linear algebra emerge in chapters studying Cayley trees, determinantal formulas, and the combinatorics that lie behind the classical Cayley-Hamilton theorem.

This heavily class-tested book is an exposition of the theoretical foundations of hyperbolic manifolds. The first part is concerned with hyperbolic geometry and discrete groups. The second part is devoted to the theory of hyperbolic manifolds. The third part integrates the first two parts in a development of the theory of hyperbolic orbifolds.

It covers proving the four most fundamental theorems relating curvature and topology: the Gauss-Bonnet Theorem, the Cartan-Hadamard Theorem, Bonnet's Theorem, and a special case of the Cartan-Ambrose-Hicks Theorem.

The primary goal of this book is to present the theoretical foundation of the field of Euclidean Harmonic analysis. This book contains the classical topics such as interpolation, Fourier series, the Fourier transform, maximal functions, singular integrals, and Littlewood-Paley theory. This book is mainly addressed to graduate students in mathematics. The prerequisites are satisfactory completion of courses in real and complex variables. This book is intended to present the selected topics in depth and stimulate further study. This third edition includes a new chapter entitled "e;Topics on Fourier series,"e; which includes sections on Gibbs phenomenon, summability methods and Jackson's theorem, Tauberian theorems, spherical Fourier inversion, and Fourier transforms on the line. The new chapter ties really well with the material in the existing chapter 3 "e;Fourier Analysis on the Torus"e; and will prepare the students for (the existing) chapter 4. In addition to a new chapter, the third edition contains 1000 different corrections and improvements in the existing text, more examples and applications, new and more relevant hints for the existing exercises, about 20-30 new exercises in the existing chapters, and improved references.

The primary goal of this book is to present the theoretical foundation of the field of Euclidean Harmonic analysis. This book is Modern in that is contains more recent topics such as function spaces, atomic decompositions, singular integrals of nonconvolution type, and weighted inequalities. This book is mainly addressed to graduate students in mathematics. The prerequisites are satisfactory completion of courses in real and complex variables, and knowledge of classical Fourier analysis topics. This book is intended to present the selected topics in depth and stimulate further study. This third edition includes a new chapter entitled "e;Multilinear Harmonic Analysis"e;, which includes sections on multilinear operators, multilinear interpolation, multilinear multiplier operators, Calderon-Zygmund operators of several functions, and multiple weights and weighted norm inequalities. The new chapter will tie nicely with the material in chapters 8, 9, and 10, and the author may add a new section in this chapter applying the techniques of chapter 11 in the context of multilinear harmonic analysis. In addition to a new chapter, the third edition contains 1000 different corrections and improvements in the existing text, more examples and applications, new and more relevant hints for the existing exercises, about 20-30 new exercises in the existing chapters, and improved references.

The book divides naturally into several parts according to the level of the material, the background required of the reader, and the style of presentation with respect to details of proofs. For example, the first part, to Chapter 6, is undergraduate in level, the second part requires a background in Galois theory and the third some complex analysis, while the last parts, from Chapter 12 on, are mostly at graduate level. A general outline ofmuch ofthe material can be found in Tate's colloquium lectures reproduced as an article in Inven- tiones [1974]. The first part grew out of Tate's 1961 Haverford Philips Lectures as an attempt to write something for publication c10sely related to the original Tate notes which were more or less taken from the tape recording of the lectures themselves. This inc1udes parts of the Introduction and the first six chapters The aim ofthis part is to prove, by elementary methods, the Mordell theorem on the finite generation of the rational points on elliptic curves defined over the rational numbers. In 1970 Tate teturned to Haverford to give again, in revised form, the originallectures of 1961 and to extend the material so that it would be suitable for publication. This led to a broader plan forthe book.

TheclassicaltheoryofFourierseriesandintegrals,aswellasLaplacetra- forms, is of great importance for physical and technical applications, and its mathematical beauty makes it an interesting study for pure mathema- cians as well. I have taught courses on these subjects for decades to civil engineeringstudents,andalsomathematicsmajors,andthepresentvolume can be regarded as my collected experiences from this work. There is, of course, an unsurpassable book on Fourier analysis, the tr- tise by Katznelson from 1970. That book is, however, aimed at mathem- ically very mature students and can hardly be used in engineering courses. Ontheotherendofthescale,thereareanumberofmore-or-lesscookbo- styled books, where the emphasis is almost entirely on applications. I have felt the need for an alternative in between these extremes: a text for the ambitious and interested student, who on the other hand does not aspire to become an expert in the ?eld. There do exist a few texts that ful?ll these requirements (see the literature list at the end of the book), but they do not include all the topics I like to cover in my courses, such as Laplace transforms and the simplest facts about distributions.

This text is an elementary introduction to differential geometry. Although it was written for a graduate-level audience, the only requisite is a solid back- ground in calculus, linear algebra, and basic point-set topology. The first chapter covers the fundamentals of differentiable manifolds that are the bread and butter of differential geometry. All the usual topics are cov- ered, culminating in Stokes' theorem together with some applications. The stu- dents' first contact with the subject can be overwhelming because of the wealth of abstract definitions involved, so examples have been stressed throughout. One concept, for instance, that students often find confusing is the definition of tangent vectors. They are first told that these are derivations on certain equiv- alence classes of functions, but later that the tangent space of ffi.n is "e;the same"e; n as ffi. . We have tried to keep these spaces separate and to carefully explain how a vector space E is canonically isomorphic to its tangent space at a point. This subtle distinction becomes essential when later discussing the vertical bundle of a given vector bundle.

Many connections have been found between the theory of analytic functions of one or more complex variables and the study of commutative Banach algebras. While function theory has often been employed to answer algebraic questions such as the existence of idempotents in a Banach algebra, concepts arising from the study of Banach algebras including the maximal ideal space, the Silov boundary, Geason parts, etc. have led to new questions and to new methods of proofs in function theory. This book is concerned with developing some of the principal applications of function theory in several complex variables to Banach algebras. The authors do not presuppose any knowledge of several complex variables on the part of the reader and all relevant material is developed within the text. Furthermore, the book deals with problems of uniform approximation on compact subsets of the space of n complex variables. The third edition of this book contains new material on; maximum modulus algebras and subharmonicity, the hull of a smooth curve, integral kernels, perturbations of the Stone-Weierstrass Theorem, boundaries of analytic varieties, polynomial hulls of sets over the circle, areas, and the topology of hulls. The authors have also included a new chapter containing commentaries on history and recent developments and an updated and expanded reading list.

In the last decades the subject of nonsmooth analysis has grown rapidly due to the recognition that nondifferentiable phenomena are more widespread, and play a more important role, than had been thought. In recent years, it has come to play a role in functional analysis, optimization, optimal design, mechanics and plasticity, differential equations, control theory, and, increasingly, in analysis. This volume presents the essentials of the subject clearly and succinctly, together with some of its applications and a generous supply of interesting exercises. The book begins with an introductory chapter which gives the reader a sampling of what is to come while indicating at an early stage why the subject is of interest. The next three chapters constitute a course in nonsmooth analysis and identify a coherent and comprehensive approach to the subject leading to an efficient, natural, yet powerful body of theory. The last chapter, as its name implies, is a self-contained introduction to the theory of control of ordinary differential equations. End-of-chapter problems also offer scope for deeper understanding. The authors have incorporated in the text a number of new results which clarify the relationships between the different schools of thought in the subject. Their goal is to make nonsmooth analysis accessible to a wider audience. In this spirit, the book is written so as to be used by anyone who has taken a course in functional analysis.

This book explores the theory of strongly continuous one-parameter semigroups of linear operators. A special feature of the text is an unusually wide range of applications such as to ordinary and partial differential operators, to delay and Volterra equations, and to control theory. Also, the book places an emphasis on philosophical motivation and the historical background.

Assumes only a familiarity with algebra at the beginning graduate level; Stresses applications to algebra; Illustrates several of the ways Model Theory can be a useful tool in analyzing classical mathematical structures

Aims Theaimofthisbookistoprovideaguidetoarichandfascinatings- ject: algebraic curves, and how they vary in families. The revolution that the ?eld of algebraic geometry has undergone with the introd- tion of schemes, together with new ideas, techniques and viewpoints introduced by Mumford and others, have made it possible for us to understandthebehaviorofcurvesinwaysthatsimplywerenotpos- ble a half-century ago. This in turn has led, over the last few decades, to a burst of activity in the area, resolving long-standing problems and generating new and unforeseen results and questions. We hope to acquaint you both with these results and with the ideas that have made them possible. The book isn't intended to be a de?nitive reference: the subject is developing too rapidly for that to be a feasible goal, even if we had the expertise necessary for the task. Our preference has been to - cus on examples and applications rather than on foundations. When discussing techniques we've chosen to sacri?ce proofs of some, even basic,results-particularlywherewecanprovideagoodreference- inordertoshowhowthemethodsareusedtostudymoduliofcurves. Likewise, we often prove results in special cases which we feel bring out the important ideas with a minimum of technical complication.

Elementary Methods in Number Theory begins with "e;a first course in number theory"e; for students with no previous knowledge of the subject. The main topics are divisibility, prime numbers, and congruences. There is also an introduction to Fourier analysis on finite abelian groups, and a discussion on the abc conjecture and its consequences in elementary number theory. In the second and third parts of the book, deep results in number theory are proved using only elementary methods. Part II is about multiplicative number theory, and includes two of the most famous results in mathematics: the Erdos-Selberg elementary proof of the prime number theorem, and Dirichlets theorem on primes in arithmetic progressions. Part III is an introduction to three classical topics in additive number theory: Warings problems for polynomials, Liouvilles method to determine the number of representations of an integer as the sum of an even number of squares, and the asymptotics of partition functions. Melvyn B. Nathanson is Professor of Mathematics at the City University of New York (Lehman College and the Graduate Center). He is the author of the two other graduate texts: Additive Number Theory: The Classical Bases and Additive Number Theory: Inverse Problems and the Geometry of Sumsets.

Combinatorial commutative algebra is an active area of research with thriving connections to other fields of pure and applied mathematics. This book provides a self-contained introduction to the subject, with an emphasis on combinatorial techniques for multigraded polynomial rings, semigroup algebras, and determinantal rings. The eighteen chapters cover a broad spectrum of topics, ranging from homological invariants of monomial ideals and their polyhedral resolutions, to hands-on tools for studying algebraic varieties with group actions, such as toric varieties, flag varieties, quiver loci, and Hilbert schemes. Over 100 figures, 250 exercises, and pointers to the literature make this book appealing to both graduate students and researchers.

This book is a thorough introduction to linear algebra, for the graduate or advanced undergraduate student. Prerequisites are limited to a knowledge of the basic properties of matrices and determinants. However, since we cover the basics of vector spaces and linear transformations rather rapidly, a prior course in linear algebra (even at the sophomore level), along with a certain measure of "e;mathematical maturity,"e; is highly desirable. Chapter 0 contains a summary of certain topics in modern algebra that are required for the sequel. This chapter should be skimmed quickly and then used primarily as a reference. Chapters 1-3 contain a discussion of the basic properties of vector spaces and linear transformations. Chapter 4 is devoted to a discussion of modules, emphasizing a comparison between the properties of modules and those of vector spaces. Chapter 5 provides more on modules. The main goals of this chapter are to prove that any two bases of a free module have the same cardinality and to introduce noetherian modules. However, the instructor may simply skim over this chapter, omitting all proofs. Chapter 6 is devoted to the theory of modules over a principal ideal domain, establishing the cyclic decomposition theorem for finitely generated modules. This theorem is the key to the structure theorems for finite dimensional linear operators, discussed in Chapters 7 and 8. Chapter 9 is devoted to real and complex inner product spaces.

Can be used as a graduate textContains many exercisesContains new results

Intended for graduate courses or for independent study, this book presents the basic theory of fields. The first part begins with a discussion of polynomials over a ring, the division algorithm, irreducibility, field extensions, and embeddings. The second part is devoted to Galois theory. The third part of the book treats the theory of binomials. The book concludes with a chapter on families of binomials - the Kummer theory.