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Moritz Goldstein (1880?1977) lebte als jüdischer Schriftsteller und Journalist bis zur Emigration in Berlin. Die erstmals vorliegende systematische, kommentierte Anthologie der Reportagen und Gerichtsberichte von Goldstein zur Zeit der Weimarer Republik in Berlin ermöglicht tiefe Einblicke in den turbulenten Berliner Alltag und in bedeutende sozialgeschichtliche Debatten aus deutsch-jüdischer Perspektive. Moritz Goldstein gehört zu den vielen vergessenen Journalisten der Weimarer Republik, die nach der Machtübernahme durch die Nationalsozialisten Arbeit und Heimat verloren. Er ging ? wie viele seiner jüdischen Kollegen ? 1933 ins Exil. Von 1918 bis 1933 war er Redakteur bei der Vossischen Zeitung und wurde als Gerichtsreporter ?Inquit? (?Er sagt?) bekannt. In seinen Texten beschränkte er sich nicht darauf, Tatsachen wiederzugeben, sondern stellte Fragen, reflektiert und moralisch gefestigt. Er fragte nicht nur nach den Gründen für die Straffälligkeit, sondern auch nach den Gründen für die Anziehungskraft der radikalen Parteien; und er kritisierte die Parteinahme der Justiz für rechtsgerichtete Straftäter. Aus seinen Reportagen spricht Moritz Goldstein ? einer der bekanntesten und bedeutendsten Gerichtsreporter der Weimarer Republik ? als ein Augenzeuge, der noch nicht wissen konnte, bis zu welchem Maß der Unmenschlichkeit und Zerstörung die Nationalsozialisten in den folgenden Jahren fähig waren.

Es gehört zu den wirksamsten Dogmen der Aufklärungsforschung, dass die deutschsprachige Philosophie keine materialistische Theorie ausgebildet habe Die Texte Michael Hißmanns (1752¿1784) zeigen dagegen, dass sich im Kontext der Göttinger empiristischen Schule im späten 18. Jahrhundert durchaus ein ambitionierter Materialismus entwickelte. Hißmann hat seine materialistische Grundlagentheorie auf vielerlei Feldern der Philosophie umzusetzen gesucht; so in der Psychologie, Anthropologie, praktischen Philosophie, in den Geschichtswissenschaften, der Sprachphilosophie und Poetik. Vor dem grundsätzlich materialismuskritischen Hintergrund der deutschen Spätaufklärung wirkt diese affirmative Aufnahme und systematische Ausarbeitung eines Materialismus durch Michael Hißmann besonders auffällig, und sie wurde daher von vielen Zeitgenossen argwöhnisch begleitet. Dieser Band versammelt erstmalig Texte Michael Hißmanns aus allen ¿ z. T. schwer zugängigen ¿ Werkbereichen, so den popularphilosophischen ¿Briefen über Gegenstände der Philosophie¿ sowie eine vollständige Präsentation seines Hauptwerkes ¿Psychologische Versuche¿ von 1777. Darüber hinaus werden Studien und Aufsätze zum Naturrecht, zur Philosophiegeschichte und Geschichtsphilosophie sowie zur Religionsphilosophie und Ästhetik vorgestellt und kommentiert, die ein facettenreiches Bild des Materialismus in der deutschen Aufklärung bieten.

This book is a must for librarians with international interest in access to knowledge. It includes a collection of 15 chapters written by authors from all over the world and covers different approaches to the vital role of libraries driving access to knowledge. There are chapters that offer solutions and ideas to enable libraries to become the knowledge engine in society. Other chapters discuss the conceptual part of the subject and related services. The book was compiled as part of the presidential theme of Ellen Tise, IFLA President 2009-2011, with the aim of offering the reader a good portrait of the opportunities and challenges that libraries have in driving access to knowledge.ess to knowledge.

Die ?deutsche? Einrichtung Santa Maria dell'Anima in Rom zählt neben dem Campo Santo Teutonico zu den zentralen Anlaufstellen für Pilger aus dem nordalpinen Raum respektive dem Heiligen Römischen Reich. Die Gründung geht auf eine Stiftung in der zweiten Hälfte des 14. Jahrhunderts zurück. 1399 bestätigte Papst Benedikt IX. die Gründung, im Mai 1406 wurde die Stiftung in einem päpstlichen Privileg direkt dem Heiligen Stuhl unterstellt.Zentrale Bedeutung kam dem Pilgerhospiz besonders angesichts der seit dem Jahr 1300 regelmäßig ausgerufenen Heiligen Jahre zu. Vor dem Hintergrund der katholischen Reform nach dem Trienter Konzil erreichten die Pilgerzahlen in Rom in der zweiten Hälfte des 16. Jahrhunderts sowie im 17. Jahrhundert ihren Höhepunkt. Seit der Mitte dieses Jahrhunderts, besonders aber dann im 18. Jahrhundert nahm zudem der Strom von adeligen und bürgerlichen Romreisenden zu, die die Ewige Stadt nicht allein aus religiösen und kultischen Gründen aufsuchten. Mit solchen Reisen waren immer Prozesse des kulturellen Transfers verbunden, denen nicht nur romorientierte Forschung stets große Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt hat, sondern die auch unter neueren kulturgeschichtlichen Fragestellungen von hohem Interesse sind. Im vorliegenden Band werden Epochen übergreifend und in interdisziplinärem Zugriff verschiedene Aspekte der Geschichte der Einrichtung behandelt.

Proverbs and exempla are two literary genres which developed in parallel throughout the Middle Ages. There was often cross-fertilisation between them, for both were engaged in the same discourses; jurisprudence, philosophy, theology, historiography and literature all drew on proverbs and exempla in their arguments. The interdisciplinary papers in the present volume examine the co-existence of proverbs and exempla in both Latin literature and the vernacular literatures of the Romance and Germanic languages.

Subsurface flow problems are inherently multiscale in space due to the large variability of material properties and in time due to the coupling of many different physical processes, such as advection, diffusion, reaction and phase exchange. Subsurface flow models still need considerable development. For example, nonequilibrium effects, entrapped air, anomalous dispersion and hysteresis effects can still not be adequately described. Moreover, parameters of the models are diffcult to access and often uncertain. Computational issues in subsurface flows include the treatment of strong heterogeneities and anisotropies in the models, the effcient solution of transport-reaction problems with many species, treatment of multiphase-multicomponent flows and the coupling of subsurface flow models to surface flow models given by shallow water or Stokes equations. With respect to energy and the environment, in particular the modelling and simulation of radioactive waste management and sequestration of CO2 underground have gained high interest in the community in recent years. Both applications provide unique challenges ranging from modelling of clay materials to treating very large scale models with high-performance computing. This book brings together key numerical mathematicians whose interest is in the analysis and computation of multiscale subsurface flow and practitioners from engineering and industry whose interest is in the applications of these core problems.

The theory of ill-posed problems originated in an unusual way. As a rule, a new concept is a subject in which its creator takes a keen interest. The concept of ill-posed problems was introduced by Hadamard with the comment that these problems are physically meaningless and not worthy of the attention of serious researchers. Despite Hadamard's pessimistic forecasts, however, his unloved "child" has turned into a powerful theory whose results are used in many fields of pure and applied mathematics. What is the secret of its success? The answer is clear. Ill-posed problems occur everywhere and it is unreasonable to ignore them. Unlike ill-posed problems, inverse problems have no strict mathematical definition. In general, they can be described as the task of recovering a part of the data of a corresponding direct (well-posed) problem from information about its solution. Inverse problems were first encountered in practice and are mostly ill-posed. The urgent need for their solution, especially in geological exploration and medical diagnostics, has given powerful impetus to the development of the theory of ill-posed problems. Nowadays, the terms "inverse problem" and "ill-posed problem" are inextricably linked to each other. Inverse and ill-posed problems are currently attracting great interest. A vast literature is devoted to these problems, making it necessary to systematize the accumulated material. This book is the first small step in that direction. We propose a classification of inverse problems according to the type of equation, unknowns and additional information. We consider specific problems from a single position and indicate relationships between them. The problems relate to different areas of mathematics, such as linear algebra, theory of integral equations, integral geometry, spectral theory and mathematical physics. We give examples of applied problems that can be studied using the techniques we describe. This book was conceived as a textbook on the foundations of the theory of inverse and ill-posed problems for university students.The author'sintention was to explain this complex material in the most accessible way possible. The monograph is aimed primarily at those who are just beginning to get to grips with inverse and ill-posed problems but we hope that it will be useful to anyone who is interested in the subject.

Millennium transcends boundaries - between epochs and regions, and between disciplines. Like the Millennium-Jahrbuch, the journal Millennium-Studien pursues an international, interdisciplinary approach that cuts across historical eras. Composed of scholars from various disciplines, the editorial and advisory boards welcome submissions from a range of fields, including history, literary studies, art history, theology, and philosophy. Millennium-Studien also accepts manuscripts on Latin, Greek, and Oriental cultures. In addition to offering a forum for monographs and edited collections on diverse topics, Millennium-Studien publishes commentaries and editions. The journal primary accepts publications in German and English, but also considers submissions in French, Italian, and Spanish. If you want to submit a manuscript please send it to the editor from the most relevant discipline: Wolfram Brandes, Frankfurt (Byzantine Studies and Early Middle Ages): brandes@rg.mpg.de Peter von Mollendorff, Gieen (Greek language and literature): peter.v.moellendorff@klassphil.uni-giessen.de Dennis Pausch, Dresden (Latin language and literature): dennis.pausch@tu-dresden.de Rene Pfeilschifter, Wurzburg (Ancient History): Rene.Pfeilschifter@uni-wuerzburg.de Karla Pollmann, Bristol (Early Christianity and Patristics): K.F.L.Pollmann@bristol.ac.uk All manuscript submissions will be reviewed by the editor and one outside specialist (single-blind peer review).

This book is thesecond volume of a three volume series recording the "Radon Special Semester 2011 on Multiscale Simulation & Analysis in Energy and the Environment" that took placein Linz, Austria, October 3-7, 2011. This volume addresses the common ground in the mathematical and computational procedures required for large-scale inverse problems and data assimilation in forefront applications. The solution of inverse problems is fundamental to a wide variety of applications such as weather forecasting, medical tomography, and oil exploration. Regularisation techniques are needed to ensure solutions of sufficient quality to be useful, and soundly theoretically based. This book addresses the common techniques required for all the applications, and is thus truly interdisciplinary. Thiscollection of surveyarticlesfocusses onthe large inverse problems commonly arising in simulation and forecasting in the earth sciences. For example, operational weather forecasting models have between 107 and 108 degrees of freedom. Even so, these degrees of freedom represent grossly space-time averaged properties of the atmosphere. Accurate forecasts require accurate initial conditions. With recent developments in satellite data, there are between 106 and 107 observations each day. However, while these also represent space-time averaged properties, the averaging implicit in the measurements is quite different from that used in the models. In atmosphere and ocean applications, there is a physically-based model available which can be used to regularise the problem. We assume that there is a set of observations with known error characteristics available over a period of time. The basic deterministic technique is to fit a model trajectory to the observations over a period of time to within the observation error. Since the model is not perfect the model trajectory has to be corrected, which defines the data assimilation problem. The stochastic view can be expressed by using an ensemble of model trajectories, and calculating corrections to both the mean value and the spread which allow the observations to be fitted by each ensemble member. In other areas of earth science, only the structure of the model formulation itself is known and the aim is to use the past observation history to determine the unknown model parameters. The book records the achievements of Workshop2 "Large-Scale Inverse Problems and Applications in the Earth Sciences". Itinvolves experts in the theory of inverse problems together with experts working on both theoretical and practical aspects of the techniques by which large inverse problems arise in the earth sciences.

The problem of classifying the finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras over fields of characteristic p > 0 is a long-standing one. Work on this question during the last 45 years has been directed by the Kostrikin-Shafarevich Conjecture of 1966, which states that > 5 a finite-dimensional restricted simple Lie algebra is classical or of Cartan type. This conjecture was proved for p > 7 by Block and Wilson in 1988. The generalization of the Kostrikin-Shafarevich Conjecture for the general case of not necessarily restricted Lie algebras and p > 7 was announced in 1991 by Strade and Wilson and eventually proved by Strade in 1998. The final Block-Wilson-Strade-Premet Classification Theorem is a landmark result of modern mathematics and can be formulated as follows: > 3 is of classical, Cartan, or Melikian type. In the three-volume book, the author is assembling the proof of the Classification Theorem with explanations and references. The goal is a state-of-the-art account on the structure and classification theory of Lie algebras over fields of positive characteristic leading to the forefront of current research in this field. This is the last of three volumes. In this monograph the proof of the Classification Theorem presented in the first volume is concluded. It collects all the important results on the topic which can be found only in scattered scientific literature so far.

The fragmentary remains of the Carmen Saliare have been the object of scholarly discussions for centuries, but no exhaustive collection has been published after 1894. This work intends to fill this gap by gathering all the testimonies on this ancient hymn. This new commentary takes into account all the various issues posed by the text. First of all, it undertakes a philological reassessment of the most important manuscripts in which the fragments are preserved (Varro's De Lingua Latina, T. Scaurus' De Orthographia and Festus' De Verborum Significatione). The readings thus established are the basis for the ensuing linguistic analysis conducted on the fragments, in which new suggestions are proposed. In the hypothetical restoration of the text, a scheme of antiphonic recitation is reconstructed in which different 'voices' are identified. The review of the testimonies as a whole - together with a comprehensive collection of the classical sources on the Salian tradition - presents a picture of the linguistic and cultural frame in which the hymn was composed. By combining linguistic, philological and cultural data, this work offers a thorough survey of the Carmen Saliare to scholars interested in the most ancient phase of old Latin.

This book provides an interpretation of Plato's Euthydemus as a unified piece of literature, taking into account both its dramatic and its philosophical aspects. It aims to do justice to a major Platonic work which has so far received comparatively little treatment. Except for the sections of the dialogue in which Socrates presents an argument on the pursuit of eudaimonia, the Euthydemus seems to have been largely ignored. The reason for this is that much of the work's philosophical import lies hidden underneath a veil of riotous comedy. This book shows how a reading of the dialogue as a whole, rather than a limited focus on the Socratic scenes, sheds light on the work's central philosophical questions. It argues the Euthydemus points not only to the differences between Socrates and the sophists, but also to actual and alleged similarities between them. The framing scenes comment precisely on this aspect of the internal dialogue, with Crito still lumping together philosophy and eristic shortly before his discussion with Socrates comes to an end. Hence the question that permeates the Euthydemus is raised afresh at the end of the dialogue: what is properly to be termed philosophy?

Millennium transcends boundaries - between epochs and regions, and between disciplines. Like the Millennium-Jahrbuch, the journal Millennium-Studien pursues an international, interdisciplinary approach that cuts across historical eras. Composed of scholars from various disciplines, the editorial and advisory boards welcome submissions from a range of fields, including history, literary studies, art history, theology, and philosophy. Millennium-Studien also accepts manuscripts on Latin, Greek, and Oriental cultures. In addition to offering a forum for monographs and edited collections on diverse topics, Millennium-Studien publishes commentaries and editions. The journal primary accepts publications in German and English, but also considers submissions in French, Italian, and Spanish. If you want to submit a manuscript please send it to the editor from the most relevant discipline: Wolfram Brandes, Frankfurt (Byzantine Studies and Early Middle Ages): brandes@rg.mpg.de Peter von Mollendorff, Gieen (Greek language and literature): peter.v.moellendorff@klassphil.uni-giessen.de Dennis Pausch, Dresden (Latin language and literature): dennis.pausch@tu-dresden.de Rene Pfeilschifter, Wurzburg (Ancient History): Rene.Pfeilschifter@uni-wuerzburg.de Karla Pollmann, Bristol (Early Christianity and Patristics): K.F.L.Pollmann@bristol.ac.uk All manuscript submissions will be reviewed by the editor and one outside specialist (single-blind peer review).