Bücher der Reihe ISSN

This work offers a new interpretation and an in-depth analysis of one of the least studied among Juvenal's satires. The introduction examines the structure of the piece and some of its rhetorical features, such as the peculiar use of exempla and evidentia, while focusing on its basic theme, the degeneration of the contemporary nobility. Although grafted onto the traditional and commonplace antithesis between true and false nobility, this theme has a strong historical connection with the early years of Hadrian's reign, when Roman noblemen were increasingly being ousted from the official positions they traditionally held. An updated overview of the history of Juvenal's text is followed by a revised critical edition and an Italian translation. Besides discussing textual matters, the commentary offers a systematic treatment of the linguistic, rhetorical, historical and antiquarian aspects of the text, indispensable for the understanding of this satire.

Cognitive pragmatics is a mature field of research, characterized by robust theories and a growing amount of experimental work. In particular, Relevance Theory has provided a rich framework for research in the field. However, this theory makes a number of assumptions that are rooted in a modular view of cognition. This book provides a detailed analysis of such assumptions, arguing for an alternative model which has, however, some support in ideas explored by relevance theorists. First of all, inferences are explained in terms of associative pattern completion within associative networks, based on the schematic organization of memory. This explanation is shown to apply to a number of cognitive domains besides pragmatics, including mindreading. Moreover, such a view is compatible with a general understanding of the neurocomputational machinery of our cortex, suggesting a general argument to the effect that modularity in its standard version cannot be right. Second, the book argues for a crucial role of conscious attention in pragmatics as well as in most cognitive processes. In the end, what is proposed is not only a revision of Relevance Theory but also a fresh analysis of reasoning, which vindicates some Gricean intuitions.

Counterfactual thinking is a universal cognitive process in which reality is compared to an imagined view of what might have been. This type of reasoning is at the center of daily operations, as decision-making, risk preventability or blame assignment. More generally, non-factual scenarios have been defined as a crucial ingredient of desire and modern love. If the areas covered by this reasoning are so varied, the L2 learner will be led to express 'what might have been' at some point of her acquisitional itinerary. How is this reasoning expressed in French, Spanish and Italian? By the use of what lexical, syntactic and grammatical devices? Will the learner combine these devices as the native French speakers do? What are the L1 features likely to fossilize in the L2 grammar? What are the information principles governing a communicative task based on the production of counterfactual scenarios? These are some of the questions addressed by the present volume.

Die Monographie stellt den ersten Versuch dar, die prinzipiell außerordentliche seelsorgliche Tätigkeit der Predigerbrüder von Kaschau (Köice) im 18. Jahrhundert in ihrem vielfältigen Kontext zu erfassen. Sie behandelt die Geschichte der Wiedererrichtung der dominikanischen Niederlassung von 1698 im Kontext der Bestrebungen der Habsburger um die Rekatholisierung der Stadt und der Bemühungen des Ordens um die Wiederbelebung der ungarischen Provinz und die allmähliche Konsolidierung des Klosters im Laufe des 18. Jahrhunderts. Ein spezielles Augenmerk wird der Situation der Dominikaner unter den großen theresianisch-josephinischen Reformen gewidmet. Es werden vier konkrete Seelsorgsbereiche erörtert: 1. die Bruderschaften des heiligen Rosenkranzes und des heiligen Johannes von Nepomuk und die ordens- und bruderschaftseigenen Prozessionen als spezieller Punkt im pastoralen Programm der Brüder, 2. die Messstiftungen als Ausdruck liturgisch-pastoraler Sorge für Lebende und Verstorbene, 3. die Laienbegräbnisse und Totengedächtnisfeiern, und 4. die Predigt.Die auf breites Quellenmaterial gestützte Arbeit trägt zur Erforschung vor allem der dominikanischen Geschichte und der regionalen Kirchengeschichte der Frühen Neuzeit bei.

What does it mean to be modern? This study regards the concept of 'society' as foundational to modern self-understanding. Identifying Arabic conceptualizations of society in the journal al-Manar, the mouthpiece of Islamic reformism, the author shows how modernity was articulated from within an Islamic discursive tradition. The fact that the classical term umma was a principal term used to conceptualize modern society suggests the convergence of discursive traditions in modernity, rather than a mere diffusion of European concepts.

This book illustrates the application of fractional calculus in crowd dynamics via modeling and control groups of pedestrians. Decision-making processes, conservation laws of mass/momentum, and micro-macro models are employed to describe system dynamics while cooperative movements in micro scale, and fractional diffusion in macro scale are studied to control the group of pedestrians. Obtained work is included in the Intelligent Evacuation Systems that is used for modeling and to control crowds of pedestrians. With practical issues considered, this book is of interests to mathematicians, physicists, and engineers.

The book of Jeremiah poses a challenge to biblical scholarship in terms of its literary composition and textual fluidity. This study offers an innovative approach to the problem by focusing on an instructive case study. Building on the critical recognition that the prophecy contained in Jer 10:1-16 is a composite text, this study systematically discusses the various literary strands discernible in the prophecy: satirical depictions of idolatry, an Aramaic citation, and hymnic passages. A chapter is devoted to each strand, revealing its compositional development-from the earliest recoverable stages down to its late reception. A range of pertinent evidence-culled from the literary, text-critical, and linguistic realms-is examined and sets within broader perspectives, with an eye open to cultural history and the development of theological outlook.The investigation of a particular text has important implications for the textual and compositional history of Jeremiah as a whole. Rather than settling for the common opinion that Jeremiah developed in two main stages, reflected in the MT and LXX respectively, a nuanced supplementary model is advocated, which better accords with the complexity of the available evidence.

Hitherto, there has been no book that attempted to sum up the breadth of Umberto Ecös work and it importance for the study of semiotics, communication and cognition. There have been anthologies and overviews of Ecös work within Eco Studies; sometimes, works in semiotics have used aspects of Ecös work. Yet, thus far, there has been no overview of the work of Eco in the breadth of semiotics. This volume is a contribution to both semiotics and Eco studies. The 40 scholars who participate in the volume come from a variety of disciplines but have all chosen to work with a favorite quotation from Eco that they find particularly illustrative of the issues that his work raises. Some of the scholars have worked exegetically placing the quotation within a tradition, others have determined the (epistemic) value of the quotation and offered a critique, while still others have seen the quotation as a starting point for conceptual developments within a field of application. However, each article within this volume points toward the relevance of Eco -- for contemporary studies concerning semiotics, communication and cognition.

This reference work addresses a long-standing need in the study of a class of lexis which attracts attention from scholars and the general public alike. Based on years of extensive research, the dictionary presents a satisfying collection of the varieties of rhyming slang found in and around English-speaking communities worldwide. It covers all forms of rhyming slang in the anglophone world by users from differing social groups and walks of life: criminals, musicians, anglers, second-hand car dealers and sheep-shearers, among many others. Besides ordinary lexical items, this work also lists nicknames and one-off expressions found in culturally valued works, from the fields of literary fiction, poetry, comics, TV and radio series, and films. Each entry is accompanied by chronologically ordered citations from a wide variety of sources (printed and otherwise) showing a word's life and currency. The scope, size and approach of this significant compilation, supported by a substantial bibliography, make it an indispensable work of reference for anyone with an interest in English slang and a key starting point for future research on the origins, social history and development of this fascinating area of the English lexicon.

The book is an anthropological study of a phenomenon observed within the range of contemporary Polish Catholic religiosity. The Crucified focuses on two fundamental issues: passion plays and performance theory. It presents an analysis of material collected during five years of field research, which sheds light on the varied world of religious performances. The phenomenon of passion plays is extremely complex and to some extent heterogeneous, hence its in-depth analysis reveals much not only about its own nature, but also about the entire modern religiosity. As a result, the book is constructed in such a way as to focus on a single phenomenon, but with conclusions extending to a much wider range of contemporary religious practices. The book reveals the need for self-expression of one¿s own attitudes observable in contemporary spirituality, as well as the increasing participation of believers in the development of their religious life and thus in the formation of their own religious identity. All these processes are interpreted in terms of performance theory. Applying this approach makes it possible to capture the believers¿ need for activity and creativity in the field of practices alternative to the liturgy.

The whole world is changing with incredible speed towards something radically new, yet people across the globe also show resistance to the forces that homogenize our lives. This book deals with a community that has found its niche in the remote Niamgiri mountain range of Odisha (India) and is struggling to preserve its way of life: the Dongria Kond. In recent years, they made the headlines as the real "e;Avatars"e; because they successfully fought a multinational company's plans to mine the mountains. From the perspective of the Dongria Kond, these mountains are the seat of gods, and the whole environment is animated by spiritual forces. This highly complex cosmic order includes humans and non-humans and rests on a divine law (niam). This book captures the viewpoint of the Dongria Kond and provides deep insights into their vision of the world. It offers elaborate accounts of how the Dongria relate to the outside world, conceive of their own society and engage in complex rituals in order to (re-)establish the cosmos. The book confronts the reader with radically different imaginings of familiar human concerns: love, fertility, wealth, status and well-being.

In den vergangenen Jahren vollzog sich eine deutlich beobachtbare Radikalisierung des Antisemitismus in Europa, die mit den islamistisch motivierten Terroranschlägen von Paris, Toulouse, Brüssel und Kopenhagen auch mörderische Konsequenzen hatte. Als Indikator für eine neue Qualität und Virulenz des Antisemitismus kann jedoch nicht nur der islamistische Antisemitismus gesehen werden, sondern auch die Zunahme von Antisemitismus in politisch und sozial arrivierten Kreisen und Milieus. Zugleich ist die Hemmschwelle für die Äußerung und Akzeptanz antisemitischer Ressentiments gesunken, sofern diese als ¿Israelkritik¿ camoufliert sind. Parallel zu diesen Entwicklungen stellte der Antisemitismus sein Mobilisierungspotential für den politischen Protest auf der Straße unter Beweis, etwa im Rahmen der Mahnwachen für den Frieden und während des Gaza-Krieges 2014. Die Beiträge des Sammelbandes untersuchen Aspekte dieser Entwicklungen und befassen sich schwerpunktmäßig mit Antisemitismus in der öffentlichen Kommunikation, islamischen Antisemitismus und Antisemitismus in politischen Bewegungen. Mit Beiträgen von Alvin Rosenfeld, Dina Porat, Matthias Küntzel, Karin Stögner, Navras Alfreedi, Stephan Grigat, Amy Elman, Florian Markl, Franziska Krah, Matthias J. Becker, Dana Ionescu, Daniel Rickenbacher, Zbyn¿k Tarant, Günther Jikeli, Ullrich Bauer, Michael Höttemann, Laura-Luise Hammel, Simon Gansinger

Since the recent creation of a large-scale corpus of Italian Sign Language (LIS), a new research branch has been established to study the sociolinguistic variation characterizing this language in various linguistic domains. However, for nominal modification, the role of language-internal variation remains uncertain. This volume represents the first attempt to investigate sign order variability in this domain, examining what shapes the syntactic structure of LIS nominal expressions. In particular, three empirical studies are presented and discussed: the first two are corpus studies investigating the distribution and duration of nominal modifiers, while the third deals with the syntactic behavior of cardinal numerals, an unexplored area. In this enterprise, three different theoretical dimensions of inquiry are innovatively combined: linguistic typology, generative linguistics, and sociolinguistics. The research setup involves both quantitative and qualitative data. This mixed approach starts from corpus data to present the phenomenon, examine linguistic facts on a large scale, and draw questions from these, and then looks at elicited and judgment-based data to provide valid insights and refine the analysis. Crucially, the combination of different methods contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms driving nominal modification in LIS and its internal variation.

Even though important developments within 20th and 21st century philosophy have widened the scope of epistemology, this has not yet resulted in a systematic meta-epistemological debate about epistemology's aims, methods, and criteria of success. Ideas such as the methodology of reflective equilibrium, the proposal to "e;naturalize"e; epistemology, constructivist impulses fuelling the "e;sociology of scientific knowledge"e;, pragmatist calls for taking into account the practical point of epistemic evaluations, as well as feminist criticism of the abstract and individualist assumptions built into traditional epistemology are widely discussed, but they have not typically resulted in the call for, let alone the construction of, a suitable meta-epistemological framework.This book motivates and elaborates such a new meta-epistemology. It provides a pragmatist, social and functionalist account of epistemic states that offers the conceptual space for revised or even replaced epistemic concepts. This is what it means to "e;refurbish epistemology"e;: The book assesses conceptual tools in relation to epistemology's functionally defined conceptual space, responsive to both intra-epistemic considerations and political and moral values.

The ?Natural Problem of Consciousness? is the problem of understanding why there are presently conscious beings at all. Given a non-reductive naturalist framework taking consciousness as an ontologically subjective biological phenomenon, how can we rationally explain the fact that the actual world has turned out to be one where there are presently living beings that can feel, rather than having developed as a zombie-world in which there would be no conscious experiences of any kind? This book introduces the Natural Problem by relating it to central problems in the philosophy of mind (metaphysical mind-body problem, Hard Problem of consciousness) and emphasizing the distinctive interest of its diachronic dimension. Ranging from philosophy to biology and neuroscience, it offers a thorough analysis aimed at better understanding what could explain why phenomenal consciousness has been preserved throughout evolution by natural selection. This is an original, engaging, and thought provoking philosophical study of a neglected but fundamental question regarding the nature and origin of consciousness.

In legal interpretation, where does meaning come from? Law is made from language, yet law, unlike other language-related disciplines, has not so far experienced its "pragmatic turn" towards inference and the construction of meaning. This book investigates to what extent a pragmatically based view of l linguistic and legal interpretation can lead to new theoretical views for law and, in addition, to practical consequences in legal decision-making.With its traditional emphasis on ?the letter of the law? and the immutable stability of a text as legal foundation, law has been slow to take the pragmatic perspective: namely, the language-user?'s experience and activity in making meaning. More accustomed to literal than to pragmatic notions of meaning, that is, ?in? the text rather than constructed by speakers and hearers ? the disciplines of law may be culturally resistant to the pragmatic turn. By bringing together the different but complementary perspectives of pragmaticians and lawyers, this book addresses the issue of to what extent legal meaning can be productively analysed as deriving from resources beyond the text, ? beyond the letter of the law.This collection re-visits the feasibility of the notion of literal meaning for legal interpretation and, at the same time, the feasibility of pragmatic meaning for law. Can explications of pragmatic meaning support court actions in the same way concepts of literal meaning have traditionally supported statutory interpretations and court judgements? What are the consequences of a user-based view of language for the law, in both its practices of interpretation and its definition of itself as a field? Readers will find in this collection means of approaching such questions, and promising routes for inquiry into the genre- and field-specific characteristics of inference in law.In many respects, the problem of literal vs. pragmatic? meaning confined to the text vs. reaching beyond it ? will appear to parallel the dichotomy in law between textualism and intentionalism. There are indeed illuminating connections between the pair of linguistic terms and the more publicly controversial legal ones. But the parallel is not exact, and the linguistic dichotomy is in any case anterior to the legal one. Even as linguistic-pragmatic investigation may serve legal domains, the legal questions themselves point back to central conditions of all linguistic meaning.

In his articles Stefan Reif's articles have dealt with Jewish biblical exegesis and the close analysis of the evolution of Jewish prayer texts. Some fourteen of these that appeared in various collective volumes are here made more easily available, together with a major new study of Numbers 13, an introduction and extensive indexes. Reif attempts to establish whether there is any linguistic, literary and exegetical value in the traditional Jewish interpretation of the Hebrew Bible for the modern scientific approach to such texts and whether such an approach itself is always free of theological bias. He demonstrates how Jewish liturgical texts may illuminate religious teachings about wisdom, history, peace, forgiveness, and divine metaphors. Also clarified in these essays are notions of David, Greek and Hebrew, divine metaphors, and the liturgical use of the Hebrew Bible.

The essays deal with developments during the period from the liquidation of the Judean state to the conquests of Alexander the Great. This was a critical time in the Near East and the Mediterranean world in general. It marked the end of the great Semitic empires until the rise of Islam in the seventh century A.D.,decisive changes in religion, with appeal to a creator-deity in Deutero-Isaiah, Babylonian Marduk cult, and Zoroastrianism.For the survivors of the Babylonian conquest in a post-collapse society the issue of continuity, with different groups claiming continuity with the past and possession of the traditions, there developed a situation favourable to the emergence of sects. The most pressing question, however, was what to do faced with the overwhelming power of empire, first Babylonian, then Persian. Finally, with the extinction of the native dynasty and the entire apparatus of a nation-state, the temple became the focus and emblem of group identity.

The series Jewish Thought, Philosophy and Religion aims to present a wide spectrum of studies and texts related to Jewish thought, philosophy and religion - from antiquity to the present. It seeks to highlight the multiplicity of approaches within Judaism and to shed light on the interaction between Jewish and non-Jewish thought. The series includes monographs, collected essays, and editions of sources submitted to or produced by staff and visiting fellows of the Maimonides Centre for Advanced Studies, as well as by scholars of the Institute for Jewish Philosophy and Religion at the University of Hamburg. JTPR is edited on behalf of the Maimonides Centre for Advanced Studies at the University of Hamburg. Further book series of the Maimonides Centre for Advanced Studies are Studies and Texts in Scepticism and the Yearbook of the Maimonides Centre for Advances Studies. The Yearbook 2016 was published as volume 1 of the series Jewish Thought, Philosophy, and Religion. From 2017 onwards, the Yearbook is published as a separate series.

Die Zuruckweisung, mit der viele fruhneuzeitliche Autoren der aristotelischen Naturphilosophie begegnen, geht haufig mit einer emphatischen Aufnahme der hellenistischen Philosophie einher. Vor diesem Hintergrund fragt die vorliegende Untersuchung nach den prinzipiellen Unterschieden zwischen Aristoteles und seinen hellenistischen Nachfolgern. Ausgangspunkt ist die fur die aristotelische Philosophie zentrale Analyse des Phanomens der Bewegung.

Frontmatter -- Vorwort -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Europäische Bauerndemokratie im 20. Jahrhundert -- I. Skandinavien und Finnland -- The Norwegian Agrarian Party -- Schwedische Bauernparteien -- Venstre - the Party of the Rural Population in Denmark -- Die finnischen Bauernparteien -- II. Ostmitteleuropa und Südosteuropa -- Bauernparteien in Estland -- Die politische Bedeutung des Bauerntums in der unabhängigen Republik Lettland 1918-1940 -- Lithuanian Political Parties and the Agrarian Sector of Society in the Twentieth Century -- Polnische Bauernparteien -- Die agrarischen Parteien in den Böhmischen Ländern und in der Tschechoslowakischen Republik -- Die Bauernparteien bei den Kroaten, Serben und Slowenen -- Demokratie Peasant Movements in Hungary in the Twentieth Century -- Rumänische Bauernparteien -- Bauerndemokratie in Bulgarien -- III. Mittel- und Westeuropa -- Bauernparteien in der Schweiz -- Parteipolitische Ansätze der deutschen Bauernbewegung bis 1933 -- Der Bayerische Bauernbund (1893-1933) -- Der "Landbund für Österreich" -- Warum gibt es in Westeuropa keine Bauernparteien? Zum politischen Potential des Agrarsektors in Frankreich und Spanien -- IV. Grüne Internationale -- Die internationale Organisation der Bauernparteien -- Personenregister

Displacement is a fundamental property of human language, and the restrictions on displacement have been a central concern in generative grammar ever since Ross' (1967) ground-breaking observations of island constraints. While island phenomena have been investigated in detail from various perspectives, a different domain, the domain of Freezing, originally defined in terms of non-base structures, has received far less attention. This volume brings together papers that address the questions of: What are the different concepts of Freezing? Which empirical domains can they explain? Is Freezing a core-syntactic restriction or does information structure, or processing play a role? The collection of papers provides insights into the empirical basis of the Freezing Principle in relation to other restrictions on extraction in order to contribute to a broader understanding of the nature of restrictions on displacement in language. The overall goal of the volume is a reconsideration of Freezing and other (sub-)extraction phenomena, both from a theoretical and empirical perspective, by bringing together contributions from experts in the field to discuss and broaden our knowledge of the empirical range of Freezing phenomena as well as their explanation.

The significance of Plato's literary style to the content of his ideas is perhaps one of the central problems in the study of Plato and Ancient Philosophy as a whole. As Samuel Scolnicov points out in this collection, many other philosophers have employed literary techniques to express their ideas, just as many literary authors have exemplified philosophical ideas in their narratives, but for no other philosopher does the mode of expression play such a vital role in their thought as it does for Plato. And yet, even after two thousand years there is still no consensus about why Plato expresses his ideas in this distinctive style. Selected from the first Latin American Area meeting of the International Plato Society (www.platosociety.org) in Brazil in 2012, the following collection of essays presents some of the most recent scholarship from around the world on the wide range of issues related to Plato's dialogue form. The essays can be divided into three categories. The first addresses general questions concerning Plato's literary style. The second concerns the relation of his style to other genres and traditions in Ancient Greece. And the third examines Plato's characters and his purpose in using them.

The new series of 'Studies on Ethics and Science' complements the Yearbook for Ethics and Science edited since 1995 by the Institute for Science and Ethics in Bonn and published by de Gruyter. The monographs and collected volumes in the series cover the same subjects as the Yearbook, namely outstanding and innovative contributions to the investigation of ethical questions connected with modern science and its development. Particular interest is directed towards ethical questions in medicine and the biological sciences.

Obwohl die Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten zu den am haufigsten interpretierten philosophischen Werken uberhaupt zahlt, sind ihre zentralen Theoreme nach wie vor dunkel geblieben. Neben der Deduktion des kategorischen Imperativs gilt dies besonders fur das Theoriestuck zum Zweck an sich selbst. Die Arbeit geht der Frage nach dem Gehalt, der systematischen Funktion sowie den weit verzweigten Bezugen dieses Theoriestucks nach und tut dies oft in Form einer mikroskopischen Analyse. Gerade dieser mikroskopische Blick fuhrt zu dem uberraschenden Befund, dass einige zum Teil seit Jahrzehnten vertretene Interpretationsthesen und Lehrmeinungen einer grundsatzlichen Revision bedurfen. Dies gilt sowohl fur die Form als auch den Gehalt des Zwecks an sich selbst- aber auch fur das Verhaltnis zur Deduktion des kategorischen Imperativs. Die Untersuchung zum Zusammenhang mit der Deduktion fuhrt auch zu in der Forschung vielleicht bisweilen gesehenen, aber bisher nicht hinreichend explizit gemachten Einsichten in die Deduktion selbst. So vertritt Kant dort die transzendentalen Freiheit des Willens uberhaupt, was prima facie in direktem Widerspruch zur These der Analytizitat von Freiheit und Sittlichkeit steht.

No detailed description available for "Theory of the Post-War Periods".

Die Reihe Studien zur deutschen Literatur prasentiert herausragende Untersuchungen zur deutschsprachigen Literatur von der Fruhen Neuzeit bis zur Gegenwart. Offen besonders auch fur komparatistische, kulturwissenschaftliche und wissensgeschichtliche Fragestellungen, bietet sie ein traditionsreiches Forum fur innovative literaturwissenschaftliche Forschung. Alle eingesandten Manuskripte werden doppelt begutachtet. Informationen zum Bewerbungsverfahren und zu Druckkostenzuschussen erhalten Sie beim Verlag. Wenden Sie sich dazu bitte an den zustandigen Lektor Marcus Bohm (marcus.boehm [ at ] degruyter.com).

This study attempts to elucidate a possible meeting point of the traditions of Eastern and Western metaphysical thinking. In discussing Whitehead's and Aurobindo's views on being and becoming, it seeks the possibility of a better engagement between the East and the West in the light of the philosophical insights. It is an initiation into the Sitz im Leben of Whitehead's philosophy and his general thought pattern. It carries a perceptive analysis to show the clear primacy of Becoming or Process in Whitehead that extends even to the Divine. It also highlights Aurobindo as a unique Indian Philosopher, who articulated Indian thought in Western categories. He was able to integrate the evolutionary theory of the West with the Indian understanding of becoming. The relationship between God and Creativity and Sachchidananda and the Supermind is studied within the context of Enlightenment and Modernity and the way of doing philosophy in the West and in the East.

In der Reihe werden herausragende monographische Untersuchungen und Sammelbande zu allen Aspekten der Philosophie Kants veroffentlicht, ebenso zum systematischen Verhaltnis seiner Philosophie zu anderen philosophischen Ansatzen in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Veroffentlicht werden Studien, die einen innovativen Charakter haben und ausdruckliche Desiderate der Forschung erfullen. Die Publikationen reprasentieren damit den aktuellsten Stand der Forschung.

This Handbook represents the development of research and the current level of knowledge in the fields of syntactic theory and syntax analysis. Syntax can look back to a long tradition. Especially in the last 50 years, however, the interaction between syntactic theory and syntactic analysis has led to a rapid increase in analyses and theoretical suggestions. This second edition of the Handbook on Syntax adopts a unifying perspective and therefore does not place the division of syntactic theory into several schools to the fore, but the increase in knowledge resulting from the fruitful argumentations between syntactic analysis and syntactic theory. It uses selected phenomena of individual languages and their cross-linguistic realizations to explain what syntactic analyses can do and at the same time to show in what respects syntactic theories differ from each other.It investigates how syntax is related to neighbouring disciplines and investigate the role of theinterfaces especially the relationship between syntax and phonology, morphology, compositional semantics, pragmatics, and the lexicon. The phenomena chosen bring together renowned experts in syntax, andrepresent the consensus reached as to what has to be considered as an important as well as illustrative syntactic phenomenon. The phenomena discuss do not only serve to show syntactic analyses, but also to compare theoretical approaches with each other.