Bücher der Reihe Knowledge and Information

edited byWolfgang G. Stock (Dusseldorf, Germany) in close cooperation with a board of co-editorsRonald E. Day (Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A.),Richard J. Hartley (Manchester, U.K.),Robert M. Hayes (Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.),Peter Ingwersen (Copenhagen, Denmark),Michel J. Menou (Les Rosiers sur Loire, France, and London, U.K.),Stefano Mizzaro (Udine, Italy),Christian Schlogl (Graz, Austria),Sirje Virkus (Tallinn, Estonia) ISSN 1868-842X Knowledge and Information (K&I) is a peer-reviewed information science book series appearing as a print and as an ebook version, publishing high quality research monographs and topic-specific collections of papers as well. It covers information science to the full extent and alludes additionally to neighboring sciences such as computer science, computational linguistics, (information) business administration, and library science. The language of publication is English. The scope of information science comprehends representing, providing, searching and finding of relevant knowledge including all activities of information professionals (e.g., indexing and abstracting) and users (e.g., their information behavior). An important research area is information retrieval, the science of search engines and their users. Topics of knowledge representation include metadata as well as methods and tools of knowledge organization systems (folksonomies, nomenclatures, classification systems, thesauri, and ontologies). Informetrics is empirical information science and consists among others of the domain-specific metrics (e.g., scientometrics, webometrics, patent analysis), user and usage research, and evaluation of information systems. Knowledge management is concerned with the sharing and distribution of internal and external information in organizations. The information market can be defined by the exchange of digital information on networks, especial the World Wide Web. Further important research areas of information science are information ethics, information law, information sociology, and information policy. Information science provides basic research for other scientific fields, among others for computer science and for library science, and for a lot of practical endeavors, such as the construction of search engines, the organization of digital libraries as well as commercial information supply, the operation of catalogues of libraries, museums etc., the installation and maintenance of corporate knowledge management, the design of Web sites, and business strategies on the WWW. The editors like to invite all information science scholars to offer- monographs of research results (including Ph.D.-Theses) and- suggestions for collections of papersfor publication in K&I. All books may have a volume of about 300 pages or more. Monographs and articles in collections will be reviewed at least by two of the editors or co-editors. For proposals, suggestions, questions, etc. please contactWolfgang G. Stock (stock@phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de),Katsiaryna S. Baran (Katsiaryna.Baran@uni-duesseldorf.de) orone of the co-editors.

edited byWolfgang G. Stock (Dusseldorf, Germany) in close cooperation with a board of co-editorsRonald E. Day (Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A.),Richard J. Hartley (Manchester, U.K.),Robert M. Hayes (Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.),Peter Ingwersen (Copenhagen, Denmark),Michel J. Menou (Les Rosiers sur Loire, France, and London, U.K.),Stefano Mizzaro (Udine, Italy),Christian Schlogl (Graz, Austria),Sirje Virkus (Tallinn, Estonia) ISSN 1868-842X Knowledge and Information (K&I) is a peer-reviewed information science book series appearing as a print and as an ebook version, publishing high quality research monographs and topic-specific collections of papers as well. It covers information science to the full extent and alludes additionally to neighboring sciences such as computer science, computational linguistics, (information) business administration, and library science. The language of publication is English. The scope of information science comprehends representing, providing, searching and finding of relevant knowledge including all activities of information professionals (e.g., indexing and abstracting) and users (e.g., their information behavior). An important research area is information retrieval, the science of search engines and their users. Topics of knowledge representation include metadata as well as methods and tools of knowledge organization systems (folksonomies, nomenclatures, classification systems, thesauri, and ontologies). Informetrics is empirical information science and consists among others of the domain-specific metrics (e.g., scientometrics, webometrics, patent analysis), user and usage research, and evaluation of information systems. Knowledge management is concerned with the sharing and distribution of internal and external information in organizations. The information market can be defined by the exchange of digital information on networks, especial the World Wide Web. Further important research areas of information science are information ethics, information law, information sociology, and information policy. Information science provides basic research for other scientific fields, among others for computer science and for library science, and for a lot of practical endeavors, such as the construction of search engines, the organization of digital libraries as well as commercial information supply, the operation of catalogues of libraries, museums etc., the installation and maintenance of corporate knowledge management, the design of Web sites, and business strategies on the WWW. The editors like to invite all information science scholars to offer- monographs of research results (including Ph.D.-Theses) and- suggestions for collections of papersfor publication in K&I. All books may have a volume of about 300 pages or more. Monographs and articles in collections will be reviewed at least by two of the editors or co-editors. For proposals, suggestions, questions, etc. please contactWolfgang G. Stock (stock@phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de),Katsiaryna S. Baran (Katsiaryna.Baran@uni-duesseldorf.de) orone of the co-editors.

edited byWolfgang G. Stock (Dusseldorf, Germany) in close cooperation with a board of co-editorsRonald E. Day (Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A.),Richard J. Hartley (Manchester, U.K.),Robert M. Hayes (Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.),Peter Ingwersen (Copenhagen, Denmark),Michel J. Menou (Les Rosiers sur Loire, France, and London, U.K.),Stefano Mizzaro (Udine, Italy),Christian Schlogl (Graz, Austria),Sirje Virkus (Tallinn, Estonia) ISSN 1868-842X Knowledge and Information (K&I) is a peer-reviewed information science book series appearing as a print and as an ebook version, publishing high quality research monographs and topic-specific collections of papers as well. It covers information science to the full extent and alludes additionally to neighboring sciences such as computer science, computational linguistics, (information) business administration, and library science. The language of publication is English. The scope of information science comprehends representing, providing, searching and finding of relevant knowledge including all activities of information professionals (e.g., indexing and abstracting) and users (e.g., their information behavior). An important research area is information retrieval, the science of search engines and their users. Topics of knowledge representation include metadata as well as methods and tools of knowledge organization systems (folksonomies, nomenclatures, classification systems, thesauri, and ontologies). Informetrics is empirical information science and consists among others of the domain-specific metrics (e.g., scientometrics, webometrics, patent analysis), user and usage research, and evaluation of information systems. Knowledge management is concerned with the sharing and distribution of internal and external information in organizations. The information market can be defined by the exchange of digital information on networks, especial the World Wide Web. Further important research areas of information science are information ethics, information law, information sociology, and information policy. Information science provides basic research for other scientific fields, among others for computer science and for library science, and for a lot of practical endeavors, such as the construction of search engines, the organization of digital libraries as well as commercial information supply, the operation of catalogues of libraries, museums etc., the installation and maintenance of corporate knowledge management, the design of Web sites, and business strategies on the WWW. The editors like to invite all information science scholars to offer- monographs of research results (including Ph.D.-Theses) and- suggestions for collections of papersfor publication in K&I. All books may have a volume of about 300 pages or more. Monographs and articles in collections will be reviewed at least by two of the editors or co-editors. For proposals, suggestions, questions, etc. please contactWolfgang G. Stock (stock@phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de),Katsiaryna S. Baran (Katsiaryna.Baran@uni-duesseldorf.de) orone of the co-editors.

edited byWolfgang G. Stock (Dusseldorf, Germany) in close cooperation with a board of co-editorsRonald E. Day (Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A.),Richard J. Hartley (Manchester, U.K.),Robert M. Hayes (Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.),Peter Ingwersen (Copenhagen, Denmark),Michel J. Menou (Les Rosiers sur Loire, France, and London, U.K.),Stefano Mizzaro (Udine, Italy),Christian Schlogl (Graz, Austria),Sirje Virkus (Tallinn, Estonia) ISSN 1868-842X Knowledge and Information (K&I) is a peer-reviewed information science book series appearing as a print and as an ebook version, publishing high quality research monographs and topic-specific collections of papers as well. It covers information science to the full extent and alludes additionally to neighboring sciences such as computer science, computational linguistics, (information) business administration, and library science. The language of publication is English. The scope of information science comprehends representing, providing, searching and finding of relevant knowledge including all activities of information professionals (e.g., indexing and abstracting) and users (e.g., their information behavior). An important research area is information retrieval, the science of search engines and their users. Topics of knowledge representation include metadata as well as methods and tools of knowledge organization systems (folksonomies, nomenclatures, classification systems, thesauri, and ontologies). Informetrics is empirical information science and consists among others of the domain-specific metrics (e.g., scientometrics, webometrics, patent analysis), user and usage research, and evaluation of information systems. Knowledge management is concerned with the sharing and distribution of internal and external information in organizations. The information market can be defined by the exchange of digital information on networks, especial the World Wide Web. Further important research areas of information science are information ethics, information law, information sociology, and information policy. Information science provides basic research for other scientific fields, among others for computer science and for library science, and for a lot of practical endeavors, such as the construction of search engines, the organization of digital libraries as well as commercial information supply, the operation of catalogues of libraries, museums etc., the installation and maintenance of corporate knowledge management, the design of Web sites, and business strategies on the WWW. The editors like to invite all information science scholars to offer- monographs of research results (including Ph.D.-Theses) and- suggestions for collections of papersfor publication in K&I. All books may have a volume of about 300 pages or more. Monographs and articles in collections will be reviewed at least by two of the editors or co-editors. For proposals, suggestions, questions, etc. please contactWolfgang G. Stock (stock@phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de),Katsiaryna S. Baran (Katsiaryna.Baran@uni-duesseldorf.de) orone of the co-editors.

edited byWolfgang G. Stock (Dusseldorf, Germany) in close cooperation with a board of co-editorsRonald E. Day (Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A.),Richard J. Hartley (Manchester, U.K.),Robert M. Hayes (Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.),Peter Ingwersen (Copenhagen, Denmark),Michel J. Menou (Les Rosiers sur Loire, France, and London, U.K.),Stefano Mizzaro (Udine, Italy),Christian Schlogl (Graz, Austria),Sirje Virkus (Tallinn, Estonia) ISSN 1868-842X Knowledge and Information (K&I) is a peer-reviewed information science book series appearing as a print and as an ebook version, publishing high quality research monographs and topic-specific collections of papers as well. It covers information science to the full extent and alludes additionally to neighboring sciences such as computer science, computational linguistics, (information) business administration, and library science. The language of publication is English. The scope of information science comprehends representing, providing, searching and finding of relevant knowledge including all activities of information professionals (e.g., indexing and abstracting) and users (e.g., their information behavior). An important research area is information retrieval, the science of search engines and their users. Topics of knowledge representation include metadata as well as methods and tools of knowledge organization systems (folksonomies, nomenclatures, classification systems, thesauri, and ontologies). Informetrics is empirical information science and consists among others of the domain-specific metrics (e.g., scientometrics, webometrics, patent analysis), user and usage research, and evaluation of information systems. Knowledge management is concerned with the sharing and distribution of internal and external information in organizations. The information market can be defined by the exchange of digital information on networks, especial the World Wide Web. Further important research areas of information science are information ethics, information law, information sociology, and information policy. Information science provides basic research for other scientific fields, among others for computer science and for library science, and for a lot of practical endeavors, such as the construction of search engines, the organization of digital libraries as well as commercial information supply, the operation of catalogues of libraries, museums etc., the installation and maintenance of corporate knowledge management, the design of Web sites, and business strategies on the WWW. The editors like to invite all information science scholars to offer- monographs of research results (including Ph.D.-Theses) and- suggestions for collections of papersfor publication in K&I. All books may have a volume of about 300 pages or more. Monographs and articles in collections will be reviewed at least by two of the editors or co-editors. For proposals, suggestions, questions, etc. please contactWolfgang G. Stock (stock@phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de),Katsiaryna S. Baran (Katsiaryna.Baran@uni-duesseldorf.de) orone of the co-editors.

edited byWolfgang G. Stock (Dusseldorf, Germany) in close cooperation with a board of co-editorsRonald E. Day (Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A.),Richard J. Hartley (Manchester, U.K.),Robert M. Hayes (Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.),Peter Ingwersen (Copenhagen, Denmark),Michel J. Menou (Les Rosiers sur Loire, France, and London, U.K.),Stefano Mizzaro (Udine, Italy),Christian Schlogl (Graz, Austria),Sirje Virkus (Tallinn, Estonia) ISSN 1868-842X Knowledge and Information (K&I) is a peer-reviewed information science book series appearing as a print and as an ebook version, publishing high quality research monographs and topic-specific collections of papers as well. It covers information science to the full extent and alludes additionally to neighboring sciences such as computer science, computational linguistics, (information) business administration, and library science. The language of publication is English. The scope of information science comprehends representing, providing, searching and finding of relevant knowledge including all activities of information professionals (e.g., indexing and abstracting) and users (e.g., their information behavior). An important research area is information retrieval, the science of search engines and their users. Topics of knowledge representation include metadata as well as methods and tools of knowledge organization systems (folksonomies, nomenclatures, classification systems, thesauri, and ontologies). Informetrics is empirical information science and consists among others of the domain-specific metrics (e.g., scientometrics, webometrics, patent analysis), user and usage research, and evaluation of information systems. Knowledge management is concerned with the sharing and distribution of internal and external information in organizations. The information market can be defined by the exchange of digital information on networks, especial the World Wide Web. Further important research areas of information science are information ethics, information law, information sociology, and information policy. Information science provides basic research for other scientific fields, among others for computer science and for library science, and for a lot of practical endeavors, such as the construction of search engines, the organization of digital libraries as well as commercial information supply, the operation of catalogues of libraries, museums etc., the installation and maintenance of corporate knowledge management, the design of Web sites, and business strategies on the WWW. The editors like to invite all information science scholars to offer- monographs of research results (including Ph.D.-Theses) and- suggestions for collections of papersfor publication in K&I. All books may have a volume of about 300 pages or more. Monographs and articles in collections will be reviewed at least by two of the editors or co-editors. For proposals, suggestions, questions, etc. please contactWolfgang G. Stock (stock@phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de),Katsiaryna S. Baran (Katsiaryna.Baran@uni-duesseldorf.de) orone of the co-editors.

The high degree of internet penetration and its social (and linguistic) effects evidently influence how people, and especially the highly susceptible younger generations, use language. The primary aim of the book is not only to identify the characteristic features of the digital language variety (this has already been done by several works) but to examine how digital communication affects the language of other mediums of communication: orality, handwritten texts, digitally created but not digitally perceived, that is printed texts, including in particular advertisements (which quickly respond to linguistic change). Naturally, the book presents the characteristics of the digital language variety (and coins the term digilect) but only to give a framework to the impact analysis. It is important to document changes in progress and thus direct attention to potential outcomes. The current linguistic change is different from previous ones primarily in its speed and form of spreading, and it not only brings innovative grammatical forms and writing/spelling solutions but may also have far-reaching cultural and educational consequences in the long run.

The scope of this volume will encompass a collection of research papers related to indexing and retrieval of online non-text information. In recent years, the Internet has seen an exponential increase in the number of documents placed online that are not in textual format. These documents appear in a variety of contexts, such as user-generated content sharing websites, social networking websites etc. and formats, includingphotographs, videos, recorded music, data visualizations etc. The prevalence of these contexts and data formats presents a particularly challenging task to information indexing and retrieval research due to many difficulties, such as assigning suitable semantic metadata, processing and extracting non-textual content automatically, and designing retrieval systems that "speak in the native language" of non-text documents.